Ventilators are machines that provide mechanical ventilation to move breathable air in and out of the lungs for patients who are unable to breathe or breathe insufficiently. The ventilator was invented in 1100 AD in Egypt but modern ventilators are computerized and microprocessor-controlled. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to shortages of ventilators in many countries as more patients require ventilation. Ventilators are essential medical equipment that deliver breaths to support patients suffering from respiratory issues.
4. Introduction
• A ventilator is a machine that
provides mechanical ventilation by moving
breathable air into and out of the lungs, to
deliver breaths to a patient who is physically
unable to breathe, of breathing
insufficiently.
• Modern ventilators are computerized
microprocessor-controlled machines
6. history
1100
The ventilator was invented in Post-classical Egypt in 1100,it
was called Iron lung
1953
In the United Kingdom, the East Radcliffe and Beaver models
were early examples, which were formed in 1953.
Iron lung
7. history
1955
The 1955 release of Forrest Bird's "Bird Universal Medical Respirator" in
the United States changed the way mechanical ventilation was
performed, with the small green box becoming a familiar piece of
medical equipment.
1982
Microprocessor control led to the third generation of intensive care
unit (ICU) ventilators, starting with the Dräger EV-A[13] in 1982 in Germany
which allowed monitoring the patient's breathing curve on an LCD monitor.
Bird Universal Medical Respirator
Dräger EV-AIntensive care
unit (ICU)ventilators
9. FUNCTION
• In its simplest form, a modern positive
pressure ventilator consists of:-
1. A compressible air reservoir or turbine
2. Air and oxygen supplies
3. A set of valves and tubes
4. A disposable or reusable "patient circuit”
10. FUNCTION
• Ventilators may also be equipped with monitoring
and alarm systems for patient-related parameters
(e.g. pressure, volume, and flow) and ventilator
function (e.g. air leakage, power failure,
mechanical failure), backup batteries, oxygen
tanks, and remote control.
• Modern ventilators are electronically controlled by
a small embedded system to allow exact
adaptation of pressure and flow characteristics to
an individual patient's needs.
12. COVID-19 pandemic
&Ventilators
• The COVID-19 pandemic has led to shortages of
essential goods and services - from hand sanitizers to
masks to beds to ventilators. Several countries have
already experienced a shortage of ventilators.[40] Fifty-
four governments, including many in Europe and Asia,
imposed restrictions on medical supply exports in
response to the coronavirus pandemic.
• The number of ventilators varies by country. When data
is often not available for ventilators specifically,
estimates are sometimes made based on the number
of intensive care unit beds available, which often
contain ventilators.
