England took control of India in 1875, establishing a trading company to acquire spices, cotton, and opium from the subcontinent. By the 1850s, nearly all of present-day India had fallen under British rule both agriculturally and industrially. The colonists forced Indians to learn English and were at times treated cruelly, even being traded as slaves to England. Ultimately, India gained independence from British control on August 15, 1947 after being ruled by the foreign empire for decades.