Hydraulic turbines Download: http://skillcruise.com/academics/mechanical-engineering/fluid-mechanics/

1. Hydraulic TurbinesHydraulic TurbinesHydraulic TurbinesHydraulic Turbines

2. Hydraulic turbinesHydraulic turbines
• Designed to work under a condition thatDesigned to work under a condition that
head of water should be above a certainhead of water should be above a certain
minimum level.minimum level.
• Without a certain minimum level of waterWithout a certain minimum level of water
in the dam a turbine cannot be run.in the dam a turbine cannot be run.

3. AdvantagesAdvantages
• Simple constructionSimple construction
• Easily controllableEasily controllable
• EfficientEfficient
• Ability to work at peak load or stand by plantAbility to work at peak load or stand by plant

4. ClassificationClassification
a.a. Based on action of water on movingBased on action of water on moving
blades:blades:
1.1. Impulse turbinesImpulse turbines
2.2. Reaction turbinesReaction turbines
b. Direction of flow of water:b. Direction of flow of water:
1.1. Tangential flow turbineTangential flow turbine
2.2. Radial flow turbineRadial flow turbine
3.3. Axial flow turbineAxial flow turbine
4.4. Mixed flow turbineMixed flow turbine
c. Position of shaft:c. Position of shaft:
1.1. Vertical shaft turbinesVertical shaft turbines
2.2. Horizontal shaft turbinesHorizontal shaft turbines
d. Head of water:d. Head of water:
1.1. High head turbinesHigh head turbines
2.2. Medium head turbinesMedium head turbines
3.3. Low head turbinesLow head turbines
e. Based on speed:e. Based on speed:
f. Based on specific speed:f. Based on specific speed:

5. Impulse turbinesImpulse turbines
• Wheel passages are notWheel passages are not
completely filled with water.completely filled with water.
• Water acts on buckets atWater acts on buckets at
atmospheric pressure.atmospheric pressure.
• Water is supplied on few points atWater is supplied on few points at
the periphery of wheel.the periphery of wheel.
• How does it works?How does it works?

6. Reaction turbinesReaction turbines
• Water passages are completelyWater passages are completely
filled with water.filled with water.
• Water acting on vanes is underWater acting on vanes is under
pressure greater than atmospheric.pressure greater than atmospheric.
• Water enters all round theWater enters all round the
periphery of wheel.periphery of wheel.
• How does it works?How does it works?

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