You can get basic idea regarding building structures in J&K,like how buildings are constructed there, and how it can withstand heavy snowfalls and other climatic changes and what locally available materials are used.

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
BUILDING STRUCTURES
IN
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Presented
By
Zameer Nabi Wani
Year :- 2017
Roll no :- 64
Class:- S1C1 civil
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TRIVANDRUM

2. CONTENT

3. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
In the state of j&k you may see the structure of building design in two
ways :-
a) Older Houses (ancient houses)
In the early times construction of houses were totally different from rest of
India, during that time the following features were adopted by the people of
that region:-
1) The houses were made of earthly materials (wood, mud or sand)
available at that time in order to retain heat and save people from natural
disaster.
2) Also in order to avoid coldness, roof height was pretty low .
3) Some of the houses were made of 3rd class bricks, mud and wood.
4) Houses used to have thatched roofs in triangular form to avoid the snow
from getting stuck.
5) Every house had a tandoor type of thing in their houses mostly called as
bukhari(chimney).
6) Every house mostly used to have hanging room in the air called kaieni
normally at the topmost floor.This was kept as a play room for children.
7) Bathrooms were used to be separated from main residential buildings.

4. SOME EXAMPLES

5. b) Modern Houses
Modern residential buildings include the buildings which has been
constructed since 2000, these buildings have the following features over
the older ones:-
1) These buildings are having more strength, there construction starts with
concrete foundation followed by plinth made of stones,concrete and iron.
2) Walls are made of bricks which may be first class or second class.
3) Windows and doors are made up of wood and aluminum.
4) Floors are filled with boulders and concrete.
5) Ceiling are made of wood or concrete.
6) Structures for roofs are made in the form of slope by wood(quite strong
so as to bear the load of snow during winters) and then wrapped by tin
sheets.
7) Usually in every house there are four to five rooms with one kitchen and
at least one bathroom.
8) Walls are plastered so as to avoid the effect of rain and snow.
9)In kashmir every house has a special room for winters which is meant for
heating purposes. The floor of this room is made of stones with a cavity
from inside through which wood is burnt,in kashmiri called as hamam, now
these have been replaced by an electrical heaters.

6. EXAMPLES OF MODERN
HOUSES

7. MONUMENTAL BUILDINGS
These are the building structures
built during ancient times by the
rulers for different purpose.
One of the most famous structure in jammu and kashmir is Pari
Mahal
Some points regarding it are:-
a) It is an ancient building structure formed in mid 1600s by DARA
SHIKOH for his tutor.
b) Later on it was used for studying astronomy and astrology.
c) Its length and breadth is 122 and 62.5 meters respectively.
d) It has six terraces, third terrace is formed in a different manner
having arch like structure at the entrance point.
e) It is made of stones and concrete(mud , sand and brick powder).
f) Water tanks are placed separately on the terraces of the garden
and underground pipes are used to fill these tanks.

8. EXAMPLES

9. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
These building structures are formed
by keeping in view the load bearing
capacity, location etc. to retain the
maximum live load/imposed load.
By keeping the load in mind such building foundation
should be strong enough to with hold. Beam and
column plays the main function in such construction
and gaps are filled by bricks.
Usually it is multi storey building ,the floors of upper
storey's are made of concrete.
Structure of roofs is made of iron and wrapped by tin
sheets.
These are made in such a way so as to resist tragedy
like floods fires etc.

10. EXAMPLE
You can see the most fascinating
buildings are made for commercial
purposes in valley of Kashmir like
House Boat which are temporary
building structure and in kashmir
its called donga.
It is fully made of wood having
facilities similar to permanent house like
garden, veranda, bathroom, dining hall
etc..
It can be shifted from one place to other
by means of water, and remain float on
the surface of water,
These houseboats are mostly seen in
dal lake

11. ANOTHER VIEW OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
building being constructed Inner view of houseboat

12. INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
1) These buildings usually include
governmental building structures
like schools , colleges ,universities ,
legislative assemblies, hospitals ,
and other government offices.
2) Private building structures include some schools ,
colleges , universities , hospitals , mosques , churches ,
shrines etc.
3) These buildings are usually of very large size with
concrete foundations and beam to column wall construction.
4) These may be multi storey or single storey buildings.
5) Structure of roofs is mostly formed of iron and wrapped
by high quality tin sheets.

13. VIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING BEING
CONSTRUCTED

14. EXAMPLES