Using Data Mining Techniques to Analyze Crime Pattern

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Using Data Mining
Techniques to Analyze Crime
Pattern
Presented by:
Dr.Zakaria Suliman Zubi
Associate Professor
Computer Science Department
Faculty of Science
Sirte University
Sirte, Libya

LOGO

Contents
 Abstract.
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Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
The MLCR Proposed Model.
Conclusion.

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Abstract
 Law enforcement agencies represented in the police today faced a
large volume of data every day. These data can be processed and
transformed into useful information. In this since, Data mining can
be applied to greatly improve crime analysis. Which can help to
reduce and preventing crime as much as possible.
 Crime reports and data are used as an input for the formulation of
the crime prevention policies and strategic plans.
 This work will apply some data mining methods to analyses Libyan
national criminal record data to help the Libyan government to make
a strategically decision regarding prevention the increasing of the
high crime rate these days.
 The data was collected manually from Benghazi, Tripoli, and AlJafara Supremes Security Committee (SSC).
 Our proposed model will be able to extract crime patterns by using
association rule mining and clustering to classify crime records on
the basis of the values of crime attributes.


Contents
 Abstract.
 Introduction.







Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Conclusion.

Introduction
 Data Mining or Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) in simple
words is nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and
potentially useful information from data.


KDD is the process of identifying a valid, potentially, useful and
ultimately understandable structure in data..

 Crime analyzes is an emerging field in law enforcement without
standard definitions. This makes it difficult to determine the crime
analyzes focus for agencies that are new to the field.
 Crime analysis is act of analyzing crime. More specifically, crime
analysis is the breaking up of acts committed in violation of laws into
their parts to find out their nature and reporting, some analysis.
 The role of the crime analysts varies from agency to agency.
Statement of these findings, The objective of most crime analysis is
to find meaningful information in vast amounts of data and
disseminate this information to officers and investigators in the field
to assist in their efforts to apprehend criminals and suppress
criminal activity.

Contents
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Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.

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Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Conclusion.


Data Mining Models
 The Data Mining models are categorized into different leaves. Further,
each leaf signifies the relationship, if any, that is highlighted from the
database. the Data Mining Models can be put into one of the six main
categories: 1) Association, 2) Classification, 3) Clustering, 4)
Prediction, 5) Sequence Discovery, and 6) Generalization


data Mining Models Cont…
 Table 2 classifies the various Data Mining algorithms
according to problem type, namely, Association,
Classification, Clustering, Prediction, Discovery, and
Summarization.


Data Mining models Cont…


Cont….


Contents
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

Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?

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



Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Conclusion.


Why Analyze Crime?
Crime Analysts usually tend to justify their existence as crime analysts in what is
known as law enforcement agency. it makes sense to analyze crime. Some good
reasons are listed as follow:
1. Analyze crime to inform law enforcers about general and specific crime
trends, patterns, and series in an ongoing, timely manner.
2. Analyze crime to take advantage of the abundance of information existing in
law enforcement agencies, the criminal justice system, and public domain.
3. Analyze crime to maximize the use of limited law enforcement resources.
4. Analyze crime to have an objective means to access crime problems locally,
regionally, nationally within and between law enforcement agencies.
5. Analyze crime to be proactive in detecting and preventing crime.
6. Analyze crime to meet the law enforcement needs of a changing society.


Why Analyze Crime? Cont…
 In general there are four different techniques for
analyzing crimes, as follow:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Linkage Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Profiling
Spatial Analysis

 Each of the above techniques has its own advantages
and drawbacks and can be used in specific cases.


Contents
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

Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.

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

Data Set.
Conclusion.

Data Mining Task
A. Data collection.
The dataset that was used as training and testing data
set were extracted from the Supreme Security
Committee in Tripoli, Benghazi and Al-Jafara.
These data contain data about both Crimes and
Criminals with the following main attributes:
1. Crime ID: Individual crimes are designated by unique crime id.
2. Crime type: indicates crime type.
3. Date: Indicate when a crime happened.
4. Gender: Male or Female.
5. Age: age of individual Criminal.
6. Crime Address: location of the crime.
7. Marital status: status of the Criminal.

Data Mining Task Cont…
B. Data Preprocessing .
 Real world usually have the following drawbacks:
Incompleteness, Noisy, and Inconsistence. So these data need to
be preprocessed to get the data suitable for analysis purpose. The
preprocessing includes the following tasks as it shown in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Data cleaning.
Data integration
Data transformation.
Data reduction.
Data discretization

Figure (2) shows the distribution of
offenses versus different crime and
criminal attributes.
Figure (2): attributes for crime and criminal

Contents
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Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.

 The MLCR Proposed Model.
 Conclusion.

Data Set
We will consider crime database as a training dataset used in
our model. The mentioned database contains a real data values
from crime and criminal attributes. We will also consider 70
percent as training value of the proposed model and 30 percent
for testing. The following table shows the data we used in our
model.


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Contents

Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.

 Conclusion.

The MLCR proposed model
The Mining Libyan Criminal Record (MLCR) proposed
model will be implemented to conduct and interact with two
types of mining algorithms to overcome with two different
types of results effectively. Those two approaches are
considered as a sub-prototypes of the proposed MLCR
model. Those prototypes will be illustrated as follows:
A.Mining Libyan Criminal Record-using Association rules
(MLCR-AR).

B.Mining Libyan Criminal Record-using Clustering (MLCR-C).


The MLCR proposed model Cont…
A. Mining Libyan Criminal Record-using
Association rules (MLCR-AR).


Association rule mining is a method used to generate rules from crime
dataset based on frequents occurrence of patterns to help the decision
makers of our security society to make a prevention action.

 One of the most popular algorithm are called Apriori and FP-growth
Association rule mining classically intends at discovering association
between items in a transactional database.
 The Apriori algorithm called also as “Sequential Algorithm” developed
by [Agrawal1994]. Is a great accomplishment in the history of mining
association rules[Cheung1996c]. It is also the most well known
association rules algorithm. This technique uses to perform association
analyze on the attributes of crimes.


The MLCR proposed model Cont…
B. Mining Libyan Criminal Record-using Clustering (MLCR-C).


This prototype will use the same dataset indicated in MLCR_AR prototype. But
with Clustering Analysis.



Clustering is the technique that is used to group objects (crime and criminals)
without having predefined specification for their attributes.



Clustering is unsupervised classification: no predefined classes. Simple K-means
clustering algorithm is used in this work.
K-mean algorithm clusters the data members groups were m is predefined. InputCrime type. Number of clusters, Number of Iteration Initial seeds might produce
an important role in the final results.
Step1: Randomly choose cluster centers.
Step2: Assign instance to cluster based on their Distance to the cluster centers.
Step3: Centers of clusters are adjusted.
Step4: go to Step1 until convergence.
Step5: output X0 ,X1,X2 ,X3.
Fig3: criminal age vs. crime type After applying K-means algorithm

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Contents

Abstract.
Introduction.
Data Mining Models.
Why Analyze Crime?
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Conclusion.


Conclusion



Clustering and association rules were defined as a data mining techniques to
automatically retrieve, extract and evaluate information for knowledge
discovery from crime data.




This information was collected from many police departments in Libya.

Association rules Mining is one of the data mining techniques for data to be
used to identify the relationship and to generate rules from crime dataset based
on frequents occurrence of patterns to help the decision makers of our security
society to make a prevention action.




Clustering is one of the data mining techniques also used to group objects
(crime and criminals) without having predefined specification for their
attributes.
The algorithms such as K-means algorithm and Aproir algorithm are used in
this paper.



Those algorithms were expressed in details and a comparative study were
denoted in this paper.


A promising results were shown in the following figure.

Using Data Mining Techniques to Analyze Crime Pattern

Using Data Mining Techniques to Analyze Crime Pattern

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