Obesity is one of the Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) that is increasing highly due to unhealthy diet reported by National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011. The purpose of this study was to assess obesity rates among office worker and non-office worker and to find an association between their body weight status, eating habits and other possible factors that might be related such as socioeconomic status, educational level and gender differences in Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia. A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 respondent, where 141(70.5%) office worker and 51(29.5%) non-office worker and 92(46%) were male and 108(54%) were female. Body Mass Index (BMI) (WHO, 1998), was calculated based on measures of height and weight using SECA 703, and eating behaviour was assessed using Eating Behaviour Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) and socio-demographics profiles has been included in the questionnaire given to the respondent. This study had found, most of the overall respondent assessed are overweight (43%) and 11% which are obese and in office worker are 63.6% were male respondent who are overweight, 9.1% are obese and 36.0% were female respondent who are overweight and 12.8% who are obese out of their gender frequency 55 male and 86 female respectively. While the non-office workers , 40.5% of male were overweight and 13.5% obese, while the female 22.7% who are overweight and 4.5% obese in their own frequency male 37, female 22 respondent. This study found that, for relationship between BMI, eating pattern with socioeconomic status, only in office worker that these factor are associated (p<0.05).><0.05).><0.05)><0.05). This study shows more significance in office worker rather than non-office worker, ergo conclude that body weight status and eating pattern related socio-demographic factor association are prone in office worker rather than non-office worker.

1. RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTATION
Bachelor in Nutrition (Hons)
Department of Health Professionals & Food Service
Faculty Of Health & Life Sciences
Management And Science University
2013
Prepared By:
Izzat Eskandar Dzulqarnain Bin Mohd Sharial
012010050343
Supervisor
Mr.Rajasegar Anamalley 1

2. INTRODUCTION
2

3. - ± 60% of Malaysian adults were
pre-obese and obese.
- Unhealthy diet -> chronic Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCD) e.g. Obesity (Malaysia).
Health problem that are associated with eating habits are not new in Malaysia,
and there are several contributing factors related to eating habits which includes
gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity and culture
(Wan Manan et al; 2012)
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity (29.4%
and 15.1%) comparable with NHMS III 2006
report (28.6% and 14.0%)
NHMS IV (National Health
and Morbidity Survey )
2011, Vol. 2
3

4. OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
• To determine the association between obesity and eating
pattern in both office workers and non-office workers at
Management & Science University (MSU) Shah Alam.
Specific Objectives:
• To assess the Body Mass Index (BMI) and eating pattern of
both office worker and non-office worker.
• To determine the association between body weight status and
eating pattern in both office worker and non-office worker
regarding their socioeconomic status.
• To differentiate the association of body weight status and
eating pattern in both office worker and non-office worker with
their gender. 4

5. HYPOTHESES
Null Hypothesis (H0)
=There is no
association between
obesity and eating
pattern in both office
worker and non-office
worker at
Management &
Science University
(MSU) Shah Alam
Alternative Hypothesis
(HA) = There is an
association between
obesity and eating
pattern in both office
worker and non-office
worker at Management
& Science University
(MSU) Shah Alam
5

6. RESEARCH PROBLEM
6

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
7

8. OBESITY
SEDENTARY
JOB
(Jungwee
Park, 2009)
DISCOURAGES
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
(Raine & Kim
D, 2004)
ENCOURAGES
EXCESSIVE
EATING
(Raine & Kim
D, 2004)
POOR
EATING
HABITS
(Jungwee
Park, 2009)
OBESITY RELATED TO EATING PATTERN
8

9. Prevalence in Obesity
- In Malaysia it is higher
in women 29.6%
compared to men 25.0%
(NHMS 2011)
Gender, Eating Pattern &
Obesity
- Less personal income in
men were less likely to be
obese rather than women
(Jungwee Park 2009)
Socioeconomic Factor
Lower socioeconomic status
associated with larger body
size, for women in medium-
and low-development
countries (Lindsay M 2007)
Educational Level Factor
- In England, adults with no
qualifications have the highest
rates of obesity
(National Obesity Observatory
2012)
- Professional occupations
have lower obesity
prevalence than any other
group
(National Obesity
Observatory 2012) 9

10. METHODOLOGY
10

11. Sampling Area
• Management and Science University Shah Alam
Malaysia
Sampling Technique
• Simple Random Sampling
• n=200
Study Design
• Cross Sectional Study
Study Variable
• Independent variable
• Participant gender, educational and
socioeconomic status
• Dependent variable
• Eating pattern & Body Mass Index (BMI)
11

12. Sampling Criteria
• Inclusion Criterion
• Office or non-office worker
• Exclusion Criterion
• A body builder or a pregnant women which currently not
taking any pills or medication on losing weight or having
a chronic disease
Instruments
• Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) (adapted
from Schulundt DG, PhD. Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine SODA )
• Using Body Mass Index(BMI)
• Weight & Height = SECA 703
12

13. 13
Data Collection
• Data collected from questionnaire consisting of
• Part A : Demographic Information
• Part B : Socioeconomic Status
• Part C : EBPQ
• Data collected over a period of 3 months
Data Analysis
• Statistical Product and Services Solution (IBM SPSS
Statistics) 21.0
• Analyzed using Chi Squared Test (x2) test

14. 14
RESULTS & DISCUSSION

15. 15
Low Fat Eating
Snacking &
Convenience
Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping
Cultural/Lifestyle
Behaviour
Underweight 2.10% 0.70% 0.70% 0.00% 0.00% 3.50%
Normal Weight 9.90% 5.70% 2.80% 11.30% 5.70% 38.30%
Overweight 5.70% 9.20% 9.90% 5.00% 9.20% 46.80%
Obese 2.10% 2.10% 2.10% 1.40% 1.40% 11.30%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Eating Pattern
Low Fat Eating
Snacking &
Convenience
Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping
Cultural/Lifestyle
Behaviour
Underweight 0% 3.40% 1.70% 0% 0% 1.70%
Normal Weight 11.90% 10.20% 1.70% 6.80% 10.20% 8.50%
Overweight 5.10% 6.80% 6.80% 1.70% 8.50% 5.10%
Obese 3.40% 0% 3.40% 0% 0% 3.40%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Non-Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Eating Pattern
It is NOT significant between
BMI status and eating pattern
in both office & non-office
worker , p>0.05Comparative with study in Meru,
Klang, Malaysia where a few of the
eating pattern from the Eating
Behavior Pattern Questionnaire
(EBPQ) = associated with BMI
status (N.S Zofiran et al., 2011)

16. 16
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more
Underweight 0.00% 0.70% 1.40% 1% 0% 0.00%
Normal Weight 0.00% 0.60% 22.00% 5.00% 0.70% 0.00%
Overweight 1.40% 5.70% 18.40% 10.60% 8.50% 2.10%
Obese 0.00% 1.40% 2.10% 3.50% 2.80% 1.40%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Socioeconomic status
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more
Underweight 0.00% 1.70% 3.40% 2% 0% 0.00%
Normal Weight 0.00% 11.90% 28.80% 6.80% 1.70% 0.00%
Overweight 3.40% 15.30% 6.80% 5.10% 0.00% 3.40%
Obese 1.70% 6.80% 1.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
Non-Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Socioeconomic status
It is significant between BMI
and socioeconomic status of
office worker , p<0.05
It is NOT significant between
BMI and socioeconomic
status of non-office worker ,
p>0.05
A proportional study “Association of
Socioeconomic Status with Obesity”
concludes that higher educational
achievement and higher
socioeconomic status were associated
with a lower risk of obesity in both
men and women (Jane Wardle et al,.
2002)

17. 17
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more
Low Fat Eating 0.00% 7.10% 4.30% 6.40% 2.10% 0.00%
Snacking & Convenience 0.70% 1.40% 9.90% 2.80% 2.10% 0.70%
Emotional Eating 0.00% 2.10% 7.80% 0.70% 4.30% 0.70%
Planning Ahead 0.00% 3.50% 9.20% 1.40% 2.10% 1.40%
Meal Skipping 0.00% 2.80% 9.20% 3.50% 0.00% 0.70%
Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour 70.00% 1.40% 3.50% 5.70% 1.40% 0.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Office Worker Eating Pattern and Socioeconomic status
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more
Low Fat Eating 0.00% 11.90% 5.10% 3.40% 0.00% 0.00%
Snacking & Convenience 1.70% 3.40% 10.20% 5.10% 0.00% 0.00%
Emotional Eating 1.70% 6.80% 3.40% 1.70% 0.00% 0.00%
Planning Ahead 0.00% 0.00% 6.80% 1.70% 0.00% 0.00%
Meal Skipping 1.70% 5.10% 11.90% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour 0.00% 8.50% 3.40% 1.70% 1.70% 3.40%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
Non-Office Worker Eating Pattern and Socioeconomic status
It is significant between
Eating Pattern and
socioeconomic status of
office worker , p<0.05
It is NOT significant between
Eating Pattern and
socioeconomic status of non-
office worker , p>0.05
In a similar study found that a
greater frequency of dining out are
found, among higher-income
groups which might also related
with the inverse association
between income and being
overweight among men.
(Kuhle and Veugelers, 2008)

18. 18
Underweight Normal Weight Overweight Obese
Male 0.00% 10.60% 24.80% 3.50%
Female 3.50% 27.70% 22.00% 7.80%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gender
Underweight Normal Weight Overweight Obese
Male 5.10% 23.70% 25.40% 8.50%
Female 1.70% 25.40% 8.50% 1.70%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Non-Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gender
It is significant between BMI
status and gender of office
worker , p<0.05
It is NOT significant between
BMI status and gender of
non-office worker , p>0.05
Similar study in Selangor, Malaysia that
determine the prevalence of obesity among
adult women (20-59 years old) are high
(S. M. Sidik and L. Rampal, 2009)
A conclusion by a study which also use the
same Eating Pattern Behaviour Questionnaire
(EBPQ) that gender did not have any effect
on BMI status. (N.S Zofiran et al., 2011)

19. 19
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping
Cultural/Lifestyle
Behaviour
Male 3.50% 6.40% 7.10% 8.50% 5.00% 8.50%
Female 16.30% 11.30% 8.50% 9.20% 11.30% 4.30%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
Office Worker Eating Pattern and Gender
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping
Cultural/Lifestyle
Behaviour
Male 16.90% 16.90% 6.80% 0.00% 10.20% 11.90%
Female 3.40% 3.40% 6.80% 8.50% 8.50% 6.80%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
Non-Office Worker Eating Pattern and Gender
It is significant between
Eating Pattern and gender of
both office worker and non-
office worker , p<0.05
A similar studies using Dutch Eating
Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ)
reported that shift duties were
positively associated with
abnormal eating behavior among
female nurses working in hospitals
(H.Wong et al., 2010)

20. CONCLUSION
20
From the result obtain from this study, it shows that majority of
the findings which is the association between BMI status and
related factors that may lead to obesity are more prone to
office worker. Thus conclude that obesity might be more related
on the eating pattern and socioeconomic status of the office
worker conversely with non-office worker.

21. LIMITATION
21
The data were obtained from
cross-sectional study and as the
number of subjects and the time
was limited

22. FUTURE STUDY
22
Further studies in a larger population,
wider scope, longer time duration and
with more specific categories and test
should be done in the future

23. GANTT CHART
23

24. Task
Duration
Nov
2012
Dec
2012
Jan
2013
Feb
2012
Mar
2013
Apr
2013
May
2013
Jun
2013
July
2013
August
2013
Sept
2013
Journal reading
Literature Review
Preparation of
proposal
Develop
questionnaire
Slide presentation
Proposal
submission
Sample collection
Data collection
Data analysis
Thesis writing
Thesis submission
24

25. REFERENCES
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Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong “The association between shift duty and abnormal eating behavior among
nurses working in a major hospital: A cross-sectional study” International Journal of Nursing Studies 47 (2010) 1021–1027
2. Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2011. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011). Vol. II: Non-Communicable
Diseases; 2011: 188 pages
3. Jane Wardle, Jo Waller, and Martin J. Jarvis. Sex Differences in the Association of Socioeconomic Status With Obesity.
American Journal of Public Health: August 2002, Vol. 92, No. 8, pp. 1299-1304.doi: 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1299
4. Kuhle, Stefan and Paul J. Veugelers. 2008. “Why does the social gradient in health not apply to overweight?” Health
Reports.Vol. 19, no. 4.December.Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-XIE. p. 7-15. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-
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publication February 20, 2007. Vol. 29, 2007 “Socioeconomic Status and Obesity” DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxm001 Advance
Access publication May 2, 2007
6. National Obesity Observatory (NOO) (2012) Adult Obesity and Socioeconomic Status(Updated on September 2012)
Retrieved from http://www.noo.org.uk/gsf.php5?f=7539&fv=16966
7. Nur Syuhada Zofiran, M. J., Kartini, I., Siti Sabariah, B., and Ajau, D. (2011) The relationship between eating behaviours, body
image and BMI status among adolescence age 13 to 17 years in Meru, Klang, Malaysia Department of Nutrition & Dietetics,
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26. 8. Park, Jungwee. 2007. “Work stress and job performance.” Perspectives on Labour
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Adults: Findings from the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS)
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27. APPENDIX
27

28. 28

29. 29

30. THANK YOU
30