Science 4

1. ECOSYSTEM

2. WHAT IS
ECOSYSTEM?

3. ECOSYSTEM
- group of organisms that coexist in an area and are
with each other.
Two types:
a. terrestrial ecosystem, and
b. aquatic ecosystem.
Composed of two components:
a. biotic
b. abiotic components

4. Not all ecosystems are made up of the same biotic and abiotic
components.
Some may be made up mostly of plants, other may be made up
mostly of animals or people.
The IMPORTANT is organism depend on one another and
depend on the kind of environment they have in order t osurvive.

5. the living factors that are present in the area.
Classified into:
a. Producers
b. Consumers
c. decomposers

6. organisms that are capable of
making their own food.
Also known as autotrophs.
• Most familiar of this group are
plants. They make their own
food through the process of
photosynthesis using
chlorophyll, water, carbon
dioxide, and energy from the
sun.
• Also includes: algae,
phytoplankton, and certain
types bacteria.

7. organism that cannot make
their own food and instead
feed on plants or other animals.
Also known as heterotrophs.
• Can be:
– Herbivores (plant eaters)
– Carnivores (meat eaters)
– Omnivores (both plant and
meat eaters)

8. mostly microscopic organisms
that feed on dead bodies of
plants and animals and cause
them to decay.
• The decayed substances results
to mineral salts and other
organic materials return to the
soil.
• Ex: bacteria and fungi

9. the nonliving factors that are present in the area.
Necessary for the ecosystem to survive, biotic components alone
cannot be called as ecosystem.
Includes:
a. Air
b. Light
c. Soil
d. water

10.  clear gas that surrounds Earth and
which all living organisms breathe.
Combination of gases: 78% -
nitrogen, and 21% - oxygen
During photosynthesis, plants
release oxygen that animals and
people use to produce energy they
need to survive.
People and animals, give off
carbon dioxide that plants need.
Give and take relationship takes
place repeatedly, and it can be
called the oxygen-carbon dioxide

11. need by plants in
manufacturing their food.
provides the energy that
animals need for respiration.

12. mixture of air, broken rocks, water, and the remains of decaying
organisms that comprises the topmost layer of the surface of
Earth.
Quality of soil in a place determines the kind of plants that can
grow in it and affects the growth of plants.
Ex: in a deserted area which there is no abundant water cannot
provides life of plants that needs lots of moisture or water.
Decompositions of organisms, along with the breakdown of
waste materials enriches the soil and the nutrients this produces
is absorbed by pants and contributes further to their growth and
development.

14. comes mainly from the clouds in the
form of rain or snow.
Much of it falls on plants and they
absorb it through their roots and
use it in photosynthesis.
Some are collected in wetlands and
in bodies of water. The rest are
absorbed by the soil. Much are
taken by animals.
Temperature of an area, evaporates
water into the atmosphere and the
water cycle is repeated.

15. ENERGY
TRANSFORMATI
ONS
- Demonstrated in the food chains and food webs that
exist in an ecosystem.

16. FOOD CHAIN
- process by which energy is consumed and transformed by one
organism from another organism and by which food is transferred
from one organism to another.

18. FOOD WEB
- a network of interlinked
food chains.