1. CAREER EPISODE 2
Project Name: Beijing Unicom cable telecommunication network construction project
Project Duration: From 27 April, 2011 to 20 Dec, 2011
Employer’s Name: China Unicom Beijing Long-haul Trunks Maintenance Center
Position: Engineer
INTRODUCTION
By the end of 2010, the equipment used in Transmission Network of Beijing Long-haul
Transmission Central Offices had been around for more than twelve years and reached the retreat
age. The fault rate had been increased year by year. However, the requirement of fault tolerance
ability of telecommunication system had been improved dramatically. That is to say, a new
network is strongly needed to bear the services of original network.
The target of this network construction project was to purchase new equipment, design and
establish a set of new network to fulfill customers’ requirements on service bandwidth. In
addition, the new network should be able to provide reliable protection and spare capacity for
services. From the design to the project acceptance, it took us 8 months. In this project, my
responsibility was to introduce a regulation in service configuration, to distribute power-supply, to
regulate timing adjustment, to confirm the network topology, to set up the service protection
mode, and to make sure the system construction to be successful.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
In recent years, there were more and more services among different long-haul transmission
Central Offices. Original Beijing Long-haul Central Offices Transmission Equipment was
constructed in the early time and would be retired soon. Network protection mechanism was old
and could not fulfill customers’ requirements. Moreover, there were also defects on data
transmission quality. Therefore, Beijing Unicom decided to build a new network among Beijing
Long-haul Central Offices in 2011.
The newly constructed Beijing Long-haul Central Offices Transmission Network must fulfill the
following three requirements:
(1) Fulfill the bandwidth requirements of long-haul Central Offices in Beijing Unicom, which was
caused by the capacity expansion of long-haul trunks and provide protection scheme;
(2) Fulfill the bandwidth requirements after the retreat of original long-haul trunks equipment in
long-haul Central Offices in Beijing Unicom and provide protection scheme;
(3) Fulfill the bandwidth requirements between original Beijing Netcom network and Beijing
Unicom network.
China Unicom Beijing Branch requested Network Dispatching Department, Telecommunication
Planning and Designing Institute and Maintenance Center to complete a project design and
construct a new network. In this project, I took charge of completing all the tasks shared by
Maintenance Center and confirming service configuring discipline with Network Dispatching

2. Department. Moreover, I wrote engineering project plans with Telecommunication Planning and
Designing Institute to confirm the equipment, the components, the requirement, and the cost of the
project. The three departments should file, submit conference conclusion, and drafted design
drawing together until getting the approval from superior departments. I should perform the
networking plan with Telecommunication Planning and Designing Institute and cable transmission
equipment manufacturers in accordance with network design drawing. Compared with the quoted
price from manufacturers, we should decide which kind of equipment could be introduced in the
new network and purchase them from the corresponding equipment suppliers, after which we
should conduct installation, commissioning test and acceptance check. There were fifteen
colleagues from four departments involved in the team. We cooperated with each other together in
this project.
Picture 2-1: Project team chart
Personal Engineering Activity
1. Plan Making
According to the engineering project requirement, I divided my working content into three phases:
 Confirm equipment supplier with Telecommunication Planning and Designing Institute;
design networking mode and protection mode;
 Make service configuration regulation with Network Dispatching Department;
 Implement network construction and test it with Engineering Construction Department to
ensure all the equipment could function normally.
2．Content of Implementation
2.1 Equipment Manufacturer Selection and Networking Design
2.1.1 Equipment Manufacturer Selection
I started to write project plan after investigating the equipment hardware design and software
functions. I compared the cable transmission equipment of three manufacturers: Alcatel-Lucent,
ZTE, and Huawei. Considering the fault rate, transmission capacity, equipment volume, power
consumption and after-sale service provided by manufacturers, I selected Huawei as the
networking equipment manufacturer through bidding meeting.
2.1.2 Network Designing
After confirming the equipment manufacturer, I started to design and compare networking mode
Test Result
Installation
Requirement Equipment
Installation
Department
Manufacturer Selection
Customers’ demand
Network Design
Standard formulation
Telecommunication Planning and Designing Institute
Network Dispatching Department
Long-haul Trunks Maintenance Center

3. between the core layer and the access layer in the transmission equipment with
Telecommunication Planning and Designing Institute. I had two options by carefully investigating
the services status in Central Offices and discussing with employees in other departments.
2.1.2.1 Core layer Network planning
Picture 2-2: Plan 1 Networking plan of full mesh
Picture 2-3: Plan 2 Networking plan of partial mesh

4. Comparison of the two plans:
There were no differences on equipment type and quantity between the two plans. The only
difference was the number of equipment circuit boards. The direct connection number in Plan 1
was more than that of Plan 2, which was beneficial to long-term development and the working
efficiency of the network. However, former investment would be more than the latter one. Further,
the service requirement between some sites could not be assured, the construction of direct
systems could easily waste budget if there would not be many services running on them in the
future.
There would be a network resource waste in Plan 2 because less direct connections between two
adjacent nodes would take up more resources in other nodes, switching two nodes through
adjacent points could save initial investment. But such configuration method would save the initial
investment in the project and could be upgraded by installing more circuit boards. Further, this
type of configuration could realize 1: N protection for fiber cables and each services running in the
network. When one or even two equipment broke down, the services running in other equipment
would not be affected.
I chose the Plan 2 as the final construction method for core layer network construction and
acquired the acceptance from superior department.
2.1.2.2 Access layer Network planning
After confirming network layout of core layer, I started to design access layer network. I got two
options by carefully investigating the services status in Central Offices and discussing with
employees in other departments.
Picture 2-4: Plan 1 Independent construction of 2M and 155M interface equipment
Picture 2-5: Plan 2 Combined use of 2M and 155 M interface equipment

5. Comparison of the two plans:
Plan 1 had the higher efficiency in network operation. Optimization would not be necessary when
opening new services. Further, the network capacity could be expanded without difficulties.
However, there would be a lot of equipment connected to the core equipment at the beginning; the
initial investment would be more.
The initial investment of Plan 2 would be lower. However, more budgets would be needed in the
future use because the equipment circuit boards and system bandwidth could not match and
further optimization would be inevitable. That is to say, the network resource efficiency would be
low.
Considering the long-term development of this network, Plan 1 provided better flexibility for
network capacity expansion, lower total investment, and easier construction. I chose the Plan 1 as
the final construction method for access layer network construction and acquired the acceptance
from superior department.
2.1.2.3Network Management System
Besides network topology design, network management system should be taken into account.
Maintenance Center had a set of independent Huawei T2000 Network Management System. This
newly designed network could be administrated by this management system. The transmission
equipment of Fuxingmen Central Office was taken as the link between the gateway and the
network management system. Management information of other nodes could be transmitted
through DCC channel in the fiber links. As a result, I determined to construct the new network in
such way, and distributed IP address to each equipment. This was accepted by the superior
department.
Picture 2-6: Network Management System

6. 2.1.2.4 Synchronization System
Besides network topology design, network management system should be very important in
network configuration. I decided that the synchronization system of Huawei transmission network
should be set to master-slave mode. The BITS of Fuxingmen Central Office would be set as the
main clock source of transmission network. The BITS of FZ Central Office would be set as
reserved clock source and be synchronized by the newly increased transmission equipment inother
long-haul Central Offices through transmission link. The maximum node number of each timing
link was 20. When the network had a single point fault, the equipment timing system would not be
affected. I eventually acquired the acceptance of the organization of timing routing from superior
department.
Picture 2-7: Timing system

7. 2.1.2.5 Optical Cable Resource Distributing
The rule of network construction was to use the shortest path through optical cables to link all the
devices. In order to avoid the waste of fiber cable resource and loop routing, I confirmed fiber-
optic link after examining the urban optical cable resource in Beijing and drew a chart to
demonstrate the fiber links.
Chart 2-1 Optical Fiber Linking
No. Bandwidth NEA Interface A NEZ Interface Z
1 STM-64 1021-DBY4-02 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 12-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
2 STM-64 1021-DBY4-02 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1009-DBY4-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
3 STM-64 1017-GJJT5-01 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1002-FZG6-01 12-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
4 STM-64 1017-GJJT5-01 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
5 STM-64 1015-LGK7-02 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 30-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
6 STM-64 1015-LGK7-02 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1003-LGK7-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
7 STM-64 1014-FZH6-02 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1002-FZG6-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
8 STM-64 1010-FWT2-02 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
9 STM-64 1010-FWT2-02 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1001-FXMD1-01 12-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
10 STM-64 1008-YZA-b4-02 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1002-FZG6-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
11 STM-64 1008-YZA-b4-02 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)

8. 12 STM-64 1006-PJYA6-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1014-FZH6-02 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1)
13 STM-64 1006-PJYA6-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1019-JM0602-A5-1 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1)
14 STM-64 1006-PJYA6-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 12-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
15 STM-64 1007-JM0602-B5-01 30-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1019-JM0602-A5-1 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1)
16 STM-64 1005-GJJT6-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
17 STM-64 1003-LGK7-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
18 STM-64 1002-FZG6-01 26-T2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1003-LGK7-01 27-T2SL64-1(SDH-1)
19 STM-64 1002-FZG6-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1005-GJJT6-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
20 STM-64 1002-FZG6-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1009-DBY4-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
21 STM-64 1002-FZG6-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1001-FXMD1-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
22 STM-64 1002-FZG6-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 12-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
23 STM-64 1004-ZJMFB10-01 11-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1001-FXMD1-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
24 STM-64 1004-ZJMFB10-01 8-N2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
25 STM-64 1006-PJYA6-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1001-FXMD1-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
26 STM-64 1012-FXMX1-02 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1001-FXMD1-01 30-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
27 STM-64 1012-FXMX1-02 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1009-DBY4-01 12-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
28 STM-64 1001-FXMD1-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1009-DBY4-01 11-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
29 STM-64 1001-FXMD1-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
30 STM-64 1001-FXMD1-01 11-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
31 STM-64 1001-FXMD1-01 12-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1003-LGK7-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1)
32 STM-64 1009-DBY4-01 7-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
33 STM-64 1009-DBY4-01 8-N1SLD64-1(SDH-1) 1007-JM0602-B5-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
34 STM-64 1009-DBY4-01 8-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2) 1003-LGK7-01 7-N1SLD64-2(SDH-2)
35 STM-64 1003-LGK7-01 26-T2SL64-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 26-T2SL64-1(SDH-1)
36 STM-16 1007-JM0602-B5-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1) 1020-JM0602-A5-2 6-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
37 STM-16 1004-ZJMFB10-01 7-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1) 1016-ZJMFB10-02 6-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
38 STM-16 1011-FXMX1-01 13-N3SL16-1(SDH-1) 1003-LGK7-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1)
39 STM-16 1005-GJJT6-01 6-N1SLQ16-3(SDH-3) 1018-PJYA6-02 13-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
40 STM-16 1005-GJJT6-01 6-N1SLQ16-2(SDH-2) 1013-FZH6-01 13-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
41 STM-16 1003-LGK7-01 6-N1SLQ16-2(SDH-2) 1020-JM0602-A5-2 13-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
42 STM-16 1002-FZG6-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1) 1013-FZH6-01 6-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
43 STM-16 1011-FXMX1-01 6-N3SL16-1(SDH-1) 1001-FXMD1-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1)
44 STM-16 1016-ZJMFB10-02 13-N3SL16-1(SDH-1) 1005-GJJT6-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1)
45 STM-16 1006-PJYA6-01 6-N1SLQ16-1(SDH-1) 1018-PJYA6-02 6-N3SL16-1(SDH-1)
After completing the network design and getting the approval from the superior departments, my
company started to purchase the equipment and corresponding auxiliary materials that were
demanded by the project plan. Meanwhile, I started to design network resource usage regulation
with Network Dispatching Department and introduced service configuration discipline and
procedure.
2.2 Service Configuration Regulating and Opening Procedure Making

9. 2.2.1 Service Configuration Regulating
There were 3 kinds of services (2M, 155M and 622M) running in this network. I confirmed the
service configuration regulation with Network Dispatching Department:
 2M services should use SNCP protection scheme and be configured in the VC4 channels that
have opened in advance in order to make the later maintenance easier.
 155M and 622M services should use SNCP protection scheme. In addition, the service route
configuration should take the shortest path in the network.
2.2.2 Opening Procedure Making
After confirming business opening mode, I made a set of circuit opening procedure to guide
employees in Maintenance Center to use this network. The configuration should use path creating
function in the network manager.
2.2.2.1 Opening Processes of 155M and 622M Services (the configuration method of 155M
and 622M are the same)
 Select “PATH” in network management--- Establish service through SDH path
 Select “VC4-4C” and create 622M path
 After the allocation of the path, assign route timeslot, set the timeslot in 10G interfaces
 Click “ROUTE CALCULATION” and it would show the whole path, information would
appear in route list.
 Allocate spare path( the same procedure as that of the main path)
 Click “APPLY” to complete the path configuration
 Because there is no special circuit code of 622M and 155M in general, fill in the network
name in user-defined attribute 1.
 Input the circuit name in the port attribute gap of the related equipment
 Set up SNCP triggering requirement and lock the path, only SD and EXC should be turned on
 Start the alarm report at each interface (making an Alarm template is necessary when
available). Only J0_MM and TIM could be blocked
 Check the optical power at the corresponding ports in the network manager
 Fill in” Network management data change table”
2.2.2.2 Opening Processes of 2M
The opening of 2M services requires two phases: VC4 creation and 2M timeslot assignment.
a. VC4 service creating
 Select “PATH” in network management--- Establish service through SDH path
 Select VC4 service layer and create path
 Allocate service route manually rather than calculating automatically by the system because
Network Dispatching Department would assign a path that could not be allocated by the
network manager itself
 Select signal Source and Destination
 Click optical fiber links in network manager and the color will be changed to pink after
selection.

10.  After allocating path, click “ASSIGN TIMESLOT” to set the timeslot. Select the right
timeslot and click “OK”.
 Click “ROUTE CALCULATION”, the whole path would be shown and information will
appeared in the route list
 Set service name.
 Allocate spare path( the same procedure as that of the main path)
 Click “APPLY” to complete the path configuration
 Because there is no special circuit code of VC4 service path in general, fill out network name
in notes and then lock the path.
 Write down what have been done in the configuration in the table
b. 2M service creating
 Select “PATH” in network management--- Establish service through SDH path
 Select level VC12 and create 2M path
 Allocate service route manually rather than calculating automatically by the system because
Network Dispatching Department would assign a path that could not be allocated by the
network manager itself
 Select signal Source and Destination
 Click optical fiber links in network manager and the color will be changed to pink after
selection.
 After allocating path, click “ASSIGN TIMESLOT” to set the timeslot. Select the right
timeslot and click “OK”.
 Click “ROUTE CALCULATION”, the whole path would be shown and information will
appeared in the route list
 Establish SNCP path
 Set subnet source port
 Set subnet destination port
 Assign service timeslot
 Click “APPLY” to complete the path configuration
 Input the circuit property in the blank in the related equipment
 Set service name.
 User-defined attribute 1: write special line number (if there is) or retrieval number
(if there is no special line number)
 User-defined attribute 2: user name
 Set up SNCP triggering requirement and lock the path, only SD and EXC should be turned on
 Start the alarm report at each interface (making an Alarm template is necessary when
available). Only J0_MM and TIM could be blocked
 Input the circuit name in the corresponding equipment ports
 Fill in “Network management data change table”
All the preparation was done when equipment supplier, network routing, protection mode, and
service configuration regulation had been determined. After that, employees in consruction
department and I began to implement the project. When the construction was completed, we
checked the network by instrument to make sure the system could bear services normally.

11. 2.3 Network Constructing and Testing
The network construction lasted about 1 month and finished before the deadline. The process
abided by the plan and was implemented smoothly. Only qualification test was required before
putting the network to use.
I implemented equipment testing and acceptance check after network construction was completed.
To ensure the newly built equipment and network to fulfill the requirement, acceptance check
content was presented as follows:
Chart 2-2 Project Testing
Testing Content Note
Optical interface Transmitters (transmitting optical power, eye
diagram and output jitter)
Receivers (receiving sensitivity, overload, input
jitter tolerance)
Be careful of the optical power
Error code testing
Electrical
interface
Error code testing No error code appears within 30
minutes in the loopback test
Input jitter and drifting tolerance
Mapping and combination jitter
Circuit Board
protection
Control, cross-connect, clock, and power circuit
boards. 1+1 protection circuit boards
System Involve all network elements, cross-connect
configuration, no error code within 24 hours
Create a 2.5G service through
all network elements.
Timing Implement timing interrupt test for each network
element, ensure the protection activation and
avoid timing loop.
ECC channel According to ECC topology, implement ECC
interrupt testing and ensure each equipment is
protected.
Because of high communication quality requirement of the new network, I used the special testing
instrument to test eye pattern of transmitters to ensure the equipment’s anti-noise and inter-symbol
interference ability could fulfill the requirement.
Picture 2-8: Eye Diagram

12. In addition, in order to ensure the operation of the network be normal, I configured more than 10
trial business and connected them together. If testing instrument had no error code within 24
hours, test the next equipment; if there were error codes, locate the fault and deal with it until pass
the test.
Through one-week testing work, the network fulfills service opening standard and started running
on December 20.
SUMMARY
In this project，I worked closely with members in other departments in my company and other
firms. I completed writing the engineering project plan and reported it to superior department for
approval. The content of the plan involved purchasing equipment hardware and software,
formulating networking mode, confirming protection mode, selecting installment position of
transmission equipment, timing configuration, assuring the equipment maintenance requirement
from manufacturers in the future, introducing regulation to service configuration, designing
network specification for maintenance, ensuring network resource to achieve the expected target,
completing cooperative work with other departments, network testing, and ensuring equipment to
provide expected communication quality and safety. I was initiative in plan designing, project
implementation, and finished all the tasks successfully. All the members cooperated
perfectly during the whole period.