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THE REPORT ON THE INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT
Bharat sanchar nigam limited
Patancheru(Hyd)
Submitted
By
P.POOJA
11M51A0469
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RRS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE and Recognized by Govt. of AP, Affliated to JNTUH.
Muthangi (Village), Patancheru (Mandal), Medak (Dist), 502300.
2014

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INTRODUCTION
Today Bharat Sanchar Nigam (BSNL) is the popular telecommunication company and
the largest public sector undertaking of India and its responsibilities includes improvement of
the already impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of telecom services in all
villages and instilling confidence among its customers.
Apart from vast network expansions, especial emphasis has given for introducing
latest technologies and new services like Internet Working (I-NET), Inter New enable
technologies (INTERNET), integrated services Digital Network (ISDN), Intelligent Network
(IN), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and Wireless In Local Loop (WLL)
services etc. Now BSNL has also entered in mobile communication.
BSNL has all the new services send technological advantages, which are available
with any well, developed Telecom network anywhere else in the country. Full credit for all
above achievement goes to the officers and staff of the BSNL. The administration is fully
aware of the challenges lying ahead and quite committed to provide the latest and best
telecom services.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is Integrated Telecom service provider. It is a
Government of India Telecom Operator for more than 150 years. It provided services in each
nook and corner of the country covering all Districts, Headquarters, almost all villages, Cities
etc. It provides Fixed line, Mobile (2G,3G) Broadband Services (Wire line and Wireless), It
supports all initiatives of Government in Telecom including Defense, Education, Information
Technology, Agriculture, Health etc.
It is the biggest Telecom Infrastructure in India. This report presents about
Broadband and its deployment through National Internet Backbone-II infrastructure, Organ
control Bhersion (OCB-283) switching at BSNL Velampeta exchange, Visakhapatnam. The
architecture of OCB-283 is also clearly described. Broadband using DSL and ADSL wired
technologies and their frequency spectrum is described

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BSNLSERVICES
BSNL provides almost every telecom service in India. Following are the main
telecom services provided by BSNL:
 Optical Infrastructure and DWDM : BSNL owns the biggest OFC network in
India. Also the DWDM network is one of the biggest in the world. The DWDM
equipments purchased in open tender at BSNL are mainly of United Telecoms
Limited (UTL) ) make, which was declared lowest cost in competitive bidding. Rest
DWDM equipments are from Huawei. The SDH equipments are mainly from
Huawei, ZTE, ECI, UT STAR etc.
 Market Share : As of 30 November 2013, BSNL had 12.9% marketshare in India
and stands as 5th Telecom Operator in India and 67% market share
in ADSL Services.
 Managed Network Services : BSNL is providing complete Telecom Services
Solution to the Enterprise Customers i.e. Leased MPLS Connectivity, Point to Point
Lines and Internet Leased Lines .
 Universal Telecom Services : Fixed wireline services and landline in local loop
(WLL) using CDMA Technology called bfone andTarang respectively. As of 30
June 2010, BSNL had 75% marketshare of fixed lines.
 Cellular Mobile Telephone Services: BSNL is major provider of Cellular Mobile
Telephone services using GSM platform under the brand name Cellone & Excel
(BSNL Mobile). As of 30 June 2010 BSNL has 13.50% share of mobile telephony in
the country.]
It has 95.54 million customers using BSNL mobile.
 WLL-CDMA Telephone Services: BSNL's WLL (Wireless in Local Loop) service
is a service giving both fixed line telephony & Mobile telephony.
 Internet: BSNL provides Internet access services through dial-up connection (as
Sancharnet through 2006) as Prepaid, NetOne as Postpaid and ADSL broadband as
BSNL Broadband] BSNL held 55.76% of the market share with reported subscriber
base of 9.19 million Internet subscribers with 7.79% of growth at the end of March
2010. Top 12 Dial-up Service providers, based on the subscriber base, It Also
Provides Online Games via its Games on Demand (GOD)
 Intelligent Network (IN): BSNL offers value-added services, such as Free
Phone[ Service (FPH), India Telephone Card (Prepaid card), Account Card Calling

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(ACC), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Tele-voting, Premium Rae Service (PRM),
Universal Access Number (UAN).
 3G:BSNL offers the '3G' or the'3rd Generation' services which includes facilities like
video calling, mobile broadband, live TV, 3G Video portal, streaming services like
online full length movies and video on demand etc.
 IPTV:BSNL also offers the 'Internet Protocol Television' facility which enables
customers to watch television through internet.
 FTTH: Fibre To The Home facility that offers a higher bandwidth for data transfer.
This idea was proposed on post-December 2009
 Helpdesk: BSNL's Helpdesk (Helpdesk) provide help desk support to their customers
for their services.
 VVoIP: BSNL, along with Sai Infosystem - an Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) provider - has launched Voice and Video Over Internet Protocol
(VVoIP). This will allow to make audio as well as video calls to any landline, mobile,
or IP phone anywhere in the world, provided that the requisite video phone equipment
is available at both ends.
 WiMax: BSNL has introduced India's first 4th Generation High-Speed Wireless
Broadband Access Technology with the minimum speed of 256kbit/s. The focus of
this service is mainly rural customer where the wired broadband facility is not
available.
INFRASTRUCTURE OF POWER PLANT
Introduction
All the equipment, including structural members, that constitutes a unit power source
is the power plant of a truck. A complex of structures, machinery, and associated equipment
for generating electric energy from another source of energy, such as nuclear reactions or a
hydroelectricdam.
As we know that, the power is the main source for any organization. In BSNL the E-
10B (Electronic10 for Digital B for Version B) exchange is the first electronic digital
exchange made by France in 1971. The first requirement of any organization is the input. The
main source of this exchangeis AC supply. The main parts of the power room are

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Batteries
An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first battery (or “voltai pile “)"in
1800 by Alessandro Volta, batteries have become a common power source for many
household and industrial applications. These are the instant sources of the power as soon as
power is gone off.
UPS
The UPS must give supply to the computer. As we know there is some equipment
which can withstand any type of power supply, but there are also some instruments which
cannot withstand with this type of power supply, even a microsecond delay will cause the
loss of data.

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Inverter and converter unit
The main use of this system is to change AC mains to DC and viceversa as required
by the parts of exchange. When dc supply is given as input it produces ac output.
Diesel generator called engine is connected when power supply is not present and use
to generate dc output power. It consists a radiator which generates water is used to cool down
the engine when it gets heat
INTRODUCTION TO THE 5ESS SWITCH
This lesson will introduce the 5ESS-2000 Switch. The 5ESS-2000 Switch has 3 major
types of equipment modules: the SM/SM-2000 (Switching Module), CM (Communication
Module), and the AM (Administrative Module). Each module performs assigned functions
that contribute to the total operation of the 5ESS-2000 Switch.
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 5ESS SWITCH
The 5ESS-2000 Switch is a digital exchange that can serve as a local (lines), toll
(trunks), tandem (lines and trunks), OSPS (Operator Service Position System) or international
gateway exchange, depending on the type of switch. It can serve a small community with
fewer than 100 subscribers or a large metropolitan area serving more than 100,000subscribers.

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Modular Distributed Design
Different Modules of 5ESS Switch
The 5ESS-2000 Switch is digital switching system with distributed processing.
Distributed processing means that multiple processors handle all call processing functions.
Many processors are distributed throughout the system supported by a central processor.
These distributed processors handle second-to-second decisions that must be made to process
a call. Call processing, self-maintenance, and testing are performed independently in each
module. Processors communicate with each other via an internal digital network that links the
modules together.
The 5ESS-2000 Switch hardware is subdivided into three major types of equipment
modules: the SM (Switching Module), the CM (Communications Module), and the AM
(Administrative Module). Each module performs its assigned functions to contribute to the
operation of the entire switch.
The SM connects all lines and trunks to the 5ESS-2000 Switch. It performs most of the
call processing functions. There can be many SMs per 5ESS-2000 Switch.
The CM provides communication between the SMs and the AM. There is one CM per
5ESS-2000 Switch.
MDF:
The fault of telephone number is removed in the MDF(main distribution frame). . It is
called as Fault Remove Section. For removing the fault of telephone number, it uses the
testing. These testing are group testing . For any type of testing firstly we need the vertical no.

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or the live tester, printer and computer test Number of Equipment (N.E) number of that
particular telephone number. The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF.
Features of MDF:
 Local cable contact at MDF.
 All types of cables out to the door contact connection at MDF
 The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is also known as Fault
Remove Section.
 The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF because of some
specific reason.
OPTICAL FIBER IN TELECOMMUNICATION:
Telecommunication has seen vast expansion over the last few decades. Today one can
pick up a phone and within a few seconds talk to a person on the other side of the world or
watch live coverage of events wherever they are being held. At the basis of this expansion

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has been the development and use of optical fiber communications with its capability of
transmitting huge amounts of data in both land and undersea cables.
The combination of readily available high performance PCs, the expansion of the
entertainment market and the development of optical communications is leading rapidly
towards the formation of information superhighways. They give ubiquitous access to high
speed data links for business, education, entertainment, personal communication, healthcare,
home shopping etc.
Optical fibers – are thinner than a human hair. They work, when bent around corners,
laid underground or even laid on the ocean floor. Since the light is contained within the walls
of the fiber and can't disperse or radiate away, it takes very little light energy to send a signal
over a long distance.
Fig: optical fiber

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BSNL Communication
The communication used in patancheru is optical fibre communication.
An optical fiber communication system is similar in basic concept to any type
of communication system. The function of which is to convey the signal from the information source
over the transmission medium to the destination. In electrical communication, the information source
provides an electrical signal, usually derived from a message signal which is not electrical, to a
transmitter comprising electrical and electronic components which converts the signal into a suitable
form for propagation over the transmission medium.
The transmission medium can consists of a pair of wires, a coaxial cable or a radio
link through free space down which the signal is transmitted to the receiver where it is transformed
into original electrical information signal before being passed to the destination.
For optical fiber communication system shown in fig b. information source provides an
electrical signal to a transmitter comprising an electrical stage which drives an optical source to give
modulation of the light wave carrier. The optical source which provides the electrical, optical
conversion may be either a semiconductor laser or light emitting diode (LED). The transmission
medium consist of an optical fiber and the receiver consist of an optical detector which drives a
further electrical stage hence provide demodulation of optical carrier. Photodiodes and in some
instances, phototransistor and photoconductors are utilized for the detection of the optical signal and
the optical-electrical conversion.
The optical carrier may be modulated either an analog or digital information signal. Analog
modulation involves the variation of the light emitted from the optical source in a continuous manner.
With digital modulation, however, discrete changes in the light intensity are obtained (on/off pulses).
Although often simpler to implement, analog modulation with an optical fiber communication system
is less efficient, requiring a far higher s/n ratio at than digital modulation. Also, the linearity needed
for analog modulation is not always provided by semiconductor optical sources, especially at high
Communication system
Transmitter
(modulator)
Transmission
medium
Receiver (de
modulator)
DestinationInformation
Source

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modulation frequencies. For this reasons, analog optical fiber communication links are generally
limited to shorter distances and lower bandwidths than digital links.

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CONCLUSION
Thus the report on BSNL concludes that its success , growth and expansion of the
company is due to its coordination and better management under taken by the govt. with
proper facilities. This makes BSNL one of the best companies.
The architecture of company has various units. They are linked and working of
whole plant is controlled make the student realized that engineering is not just learning the
structure description and working of various machines. But the greater part is planning proper
management