The document discusses a study exploring the relationship between R&D, education, and entrepreneurship from 2005-2012 at the global level. The study analyzes data from 248 regions using variables related to R&D expenditures, education levels, patents, and entrepreneurship rates. Descriptive, correlation, and predictive analyses were conducted finding that higher investment in education and entrepreneurship are positively correlated with better R&D performance, and that involvement in R&D has generally increased over the period studied.
Exploring the relationship between r&d, education and entrepreneurship
1. Exploring the Relationship Between R&D,
Education and Entrepreneurship from 2005-
2012 at Global Level
Team Led Zeppelin
Yi Chun Chien, Jing Fan, Carol Xiayu Zeng, Yixi Zhang
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2. Abstract
Background: R&D engagement leads to new industries and could also
be a crucial part of national economy and competitiveness.
Methods: The report discusses the relationship among R&D, education
and entrepreneurship by performing three types of analysis.
Variables: The dataset covers 248 regions from 2005-2012 with 4
dependent variables and 5 independent variables.
Conclusions: R&D investment and the number of journals, patents and
trademark would add value in information technology industries.
Education boosts expertise of current researchers and technicians in
R&D.
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3. Introduction
• The study provides an overview of the patterns on high-tech export ,
R&D expenditures among different regions and answers several
managerial questions as following:
• Which region performs well in R&D, education and
entrepreneurship?
• What are the trends of R&D from 2005 to 2012?
• Are there any positive relationships between R&D,
education involvement and entrepreneurship at a global
level?
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4. Problem Statement
• The study investigates the relationship between R&D,
education and entrepreneurship at a global level from
2005 to 2012 and performs three types of analysis:
descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and predictive
analysis.
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7. Variable Name Description
Patents, Journal and
Trademark
applications
The number of worldwide patent
applications filed，journal and trademark
published in scientific and engineering
fields
High-Tech export
High-technology exports are products with
high R&D intensity
R&D expenditure
Expenditures for R&D are current and
capital expenditure on creative work
Researchers/technici
ans in R&D
Researchers and Technicians in R&D are
professionals engaged in R&D(per million
people)
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Variable Selection
• 4 Dependent Variables:
8. • 5 Independent Variables:
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Variable Name Description
Educational expenditure per
student in tertiary
The total public expenditure per student
in tertiary education
Public spending on
education(%)
Public expenditure on education / total
government expenditure
School enrollment in
tertiary(%)
Total enrollment in tertiary education /
total population of the five-year age
group
Nascent entrepreneurship
rate(%)
Percentage of 18-64 population who are
currently a nascent entrepreneur
Necessity-driven
entrepreneurial activity(%)
Percentage of those involved in total
early-stage entrepreneurial activity
11. Problems Analytics
The ranking of countries measured by
R&D expenditure
Pie chart for R&D
expenditure by country
Top five countries in high-tech export
Histogram for high-tech
export by country
Top five countries with greatest
scientific impact measured by number
of researchers/technicians in R&D
Line chart for number of
researchers/technicians in
R&D
Descriptive Analysis—Region
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12. Descriptive Analysis—Trend
Problems Analytics
Trend of Education expenditure per
student in tertiary from 2005 to
2012
Line Chart by continent/
region/ development levels
Trend of Nascent entrepreneurship
rate from 2005 to 2012
Trend of R&D expenditure from
2005 to 2012
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13. Correlation Analysis
Problems Analytics
Does public spending on education affect
patents, journal and trademark
applications?
Bar chart by continent/
region/development
levels
Does educational expenditure per
student in tertiary influence R&D
expenditure?
Does Researchers/technicians in R&D
correlate to high-tech export
Is Necessity-driven entrepreneurial
activity related to
researchers/technicians in R&D
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14. Correlation Analysis
Problems Analytics
Does public spending on education
affect High-Tech export?
Trend chart by year based
on development levels
Does educational expenditure per
student in tertiary influence R&D
expenditure?
Is Nascent entrepreneurship rate
related to researchers/technicians
in R&D
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15. Predictive Analysis
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Problems Analytics
Will developed and developing countries have
upward trend on R&D expenditure?
Trend chart by
year
Incremental
crosstab by
year
Will developed and developing countries have
stable trend on High-Tech export?
Will developed and developing countries have
upward trend on Educational expenditure per
student in tertiary?
Will developed and developing countries keep
increasing their necessity-driven entrepreneurial
activity?
16. Sample Analysis 1: Comparison of R&D among different Income
Groups
Insight: These line charts represent R&D
performance, measured by # of researchers
and technicians, # of publications and
patent application. It’s shown that high
Income countries have better R&D
performance than Low(Lower) Income
countries.
17. Sample Analysis 2: Comparison of R&D between
Developed and Developing Countries
Developing Countries
generally have higher
R&D than Developed
Countries. For
instance, China and
South Korea both have
very high R&D.
However, Developed
Countries have more
Researchers and
Technicians.
18. 18
Sample Analysis 3: Correlation between R&D and Education
Insight: The scatter plot describes the
relationship between R&D performance and
education investment.
For Developed countries, R&D is positively
correlated with education. Higher school
enrollments and more public spending in
education, better R&D performance.
For Developing countries, the positive impact
brought by education investment is not obvious
in leading a better R&D performance.
19. Conclusions
Business insights are extracted from descriptive and predictive
analysis as well as multi-dimensional analysis by revealing:
● Higher involvement in education and entrepreneurship, better
R&D performance
● Increasing involvement in R&D from 2005 - 2012 in different
regions and the upward trend continue in the future
● Gap in R&D performance among developed/developing
countries, different income groups and regions
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20. Policy/Managerial Implication
The study provides suggestions to companies that are looking for
entrepreneurial opportunities and governments to attract
entrepreneurs.
● Companies:
○ R&D growth is blooming over the past 8 years
○ Top 3 investment regions: (1) North America, (2) East Asia
& Pacific area, (3) Europe and central Asia
● Governments:
○ Friendly immigration policy to attract more talents
○ Simplified start-up procedures, tax reductions
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21. Scope & Limitations
Scope:
• Dataset covers 248 regions from 2005-2012
Limitations:
• Missing values are eliminated from analysis;
• May have some potential independent variables (EX:
high-tech workforce) and temporal factors (EX: armed
conflicts, financial crisis, natural disasters) that are not
included in analysis.
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22. Future Research
Other analytics technologies for future consideration:
• Data Mining:
• Various data mining methods, such as regression tree and
logistic regression could be applied to analyze factors that
contribute to the development in R&D.
• OLAP:
• Store multidimensional data to answer complex and timely
queries along with new data from ETL.
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23. List of complete references
Retrieved from
• http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=149622
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• http://www.ucema.edu.ar/u/gcettolo/WebGlobalGEMReport
11.12_1.pdf
• http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GR.ROYL.CD/countrie
s
• http://www.gemconsortium.org/key-indicators
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