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Overview
•Course context
•Solar Radiation
•Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar
Radiation
•Sun-Earth Geometry
•Properties of Sunlight
•Measurement of Solar Radiation
•Calculations of Solar Radiation
Direct Solar Energy Systems
Photovoltaic
Systems
Passive
Solar Design
Water Heating
Space Heating
Electricity
Solar Resource
Energy
Conversion
Energy
Available
Energy
Requirement
Solar
Thermal Systems
Global Solar Energy Systems
Water Cycle
Evaporation
Biofuels
Run of River
Energy
Fossil Fuels
Solar Resource
Differential
Heating
Wind Energy
Photosynthesis
Wave Energy
Overview
•Course context
•Solar Radiation
•Properties of Sunlight
•Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar
Radiation
•Sun-Earth Geometry
•Measurement and Estimation of Solar
Radiation
•Calculations of Solar Radiation
The Sun and its Radiation
Core: 15.6 million K
Nuclear Fusion: 2H → He
+ E (E=mc2)
Photosphere: 5800 K
Mass: 2 octillion tonnes
(2 x 1030 kg)
Output: 0.39 x 1027 Watts
(3.4 x 1027 kWh per year)
World energy demand:
1.4 x 1014 kWh per year
150 million km
Radiation Outside Earth’s Atmosphere
1367 W/m2
Radiation Outside Earth’s Atmosphere
150 million km to Sun
12800
km
1367 W/m2
θZ
1367 W/m2
1367 W/m2 1367 cos θZ W/m2
Annual intercepted energy:
1.5 x 1018 kWh per year
World energy demand:
1.4 x 1014 kWh per year
Terminology
Name Description Unit ISO Symbol
Radiant Energy
Total radiative energy
emitted by a source or
received by a collector (in a
specified time)
Joules (J) -
Radiant Energy Flux
Total radiative power emitted
by a source or incident on a
collector
Watts (W) Φ
Irradiance
Total radiative power density
incident on a collector
Watts per square metre (Wm-2) G
Irradiation
Total radiative energy
density received by a
collector (in a specified time)
MJm-2 or kWhm-2 H
Spectral Irradiance
Radiative power density of a
specified wavelength or
band incident on a collector
Watts per square metre per
nanometre (Wm-2nm-1)
Eλ
Table 1.2. Summary of the Most Common Units Used in Solar Energy.
Overview
•Course context
•Solar Radiation
•Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar
Radiation
•Sun-Earth Geometry
•Properties of Sunlight
•Measurement of Solar Radiation
•Calculations of Solar Radiation

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SolarResource 2020.pptx

  • 1. Overview •Course context •Solar Radiation •Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation •Sun-Earth Geometry •Properties of Sunlight •Measurement of Solar Radiation •Calculations of Solar Radiation
  • 2. Direct Solar Energy Systems Photovoltaic Systems Passive Solar Design Water Heating Space Heating Electricity Solar Resource Energy Conversion Energy Available Energy Requirement Solar Thermal Systems
  • 3. Global Solar Energy Systems Water Cycle Evaporation Biofuels Run of River Energy Fossil Fuels Solar Resource Differential Heating Wind Energy Photosynthesis Wave Energy
  • 4. Overview •Course context •Solar Radiation •Properties of Sunlight •Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation •Sun-Earth Geometry •Measurement and Estimation of Solar Radiation •Calculations of Solar Radiation
  • 5. The Sun and its Radiation Core: 15.6 million K Nuclear Fusion: 2H → He + E (E=mc2) Photosphere: 5800 K Mass: 2 octillion tonnes (2 x 1030 kg) Output: 0.39 x 1027 Watts (3.4 x 1027 kWh per year) World energy demand: 1.4 x 1014 kWh per year
  • 6. 150 million km Radiation Outside Earth’s Atmosphere
  • 7. 1367 W/m2 Radiation Outside Earth’s Atmosphere 150 million km to Sun 12800 km 1367 W/m2 θZ 1367 W/m2 1367 W/m2 1367 cos θZ W/m2 Annual intercepted energy: 1.5 x 1018 kWh per year World energy demand: 1.4 x 1014 kWh per year
  • 8. Terminology Name Description Unit ISO Symbol Radiant Energy Total radiative energy emitted by a source or received by a collector (in a specified time) Joules (J) - Radiant Energy Flux Total radiative power emitted by a source or incident on a collector Watts (W) Φ Irradiance Total radiative power density incident on a collector Watts per square metre (Wm-2) G Irradiation Total radiative energy density received by a collector (in a specified time) MJm-2 or kWhm-2 H Spectral Irradiance Radiative power density of a specified wavelength or band incident on a collector Watts per square metre per nanometre (Wm-2nm-1) Eλ Table 1.2. Summary of the Most Common Units Used in Solar Energy.
  • 9. Overview •Course context •Solar Radiation •Regional and Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation •Sun-Earth Geometry •Properties of Sunlight •Measurement of Solar Radiation •Calculations of Solar Radiation