Supply Concepts Inc. (SCI) is the Manufacturing Conglomerate subsidiary of the Stack Electronics Corporation. SCI specializes in Custom Manufacturing & Assembly/Sub Assembly, True Alternate Source Capability and Custom Kitting Services. Our scope of products include but are not limited to Wire Harness & Cable Assembly (Medical, Auto, Industrial, High Speed Data, Coaxial, AV, HDMI, Mobile, etc), Power Cords & Supplies, Stamped Nameplates - Labels, etc, Transformers, Full Range Metal Capabilities (Stampings, Extrusion, CNC, etc - Heat Sinks, Enclosures, Housings, etc), Full Range Plastic Injection Molding, Custom Interconnect & Connectors.

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At Supply Concepts, Our mission is to support the OEM, CM, and ODM markets
through well established, skilled, and diverse factory partnerships in Asia. We
deliver value-added services that enable companies to manage, improve, and add
profitability to their business. See examples of our work found on pages 31-33.
Several years ago, after 25+ years of supporting the world’s largest OEM’s and CM’s with
component supply chain management services of standard items, with an extremely well developed
global supply network and expertise, customers sought our increased help in solving additional
supply problems. These problems related to non-standard, sole source, cost sensitive or quality
affected products that were negatively impacting their production on a day to day basis. Knowing our
presence and success globally, these customers looked to us for new solutions and from that,
compelled Supply Concepts Inc to be established and tasked with addressing these needs.
Today, Supply Concepts offers a global supply chain network to its client base through the
establishment of a large number of strategic manufacturing alliances in the Far East which facilitate
Supply Concepts to effectively offer its full range of capabilities from low cost regions.
Supply Concepts seamlessly manages these programs through its NPI, Materials and Manufacturing
Engineering teams from product inception, design, prototype and the pre-production stage through
to the manufacture and product shipment of production quantities. Cost reductions, materials
management, component standardization and AVL management are all transparent elements of this
cycle, which Supply Concepts delivers as part of its global manufacturing and supply chain solutions.
The customer gains the savings in unit cost, enhanced product supply capacity, mitigation of single
source liability issues and increased quality of product while also avoiding the many pitfalls and

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issues of dealing direct with low cost regions by dealing with a single point of contact: Supply
Concepts.
Supporting an enviable list of market leaders, Supply Concepts’ alliance partners in China and other
low cost regions offer a full range of electronic manufacturing and supply capabilities such as PCB
manufacture, Metals and Plastics, Power Products, Enclosures, Cable and Wire Harness
Assemblies, Backplane Integration and many other items, whether simple or complex, either per
customer design or through collaboration with the Supply Concepts team to develop the needed
product
Supply Concepts has a state of the art mold/tooling fabrication shop which allows us to quickly go
from concept to mass production in weeks, not months. Our in house mold facility provides flexibility
to react quickly to changes in customer requirements, and our QA department ensures each part
meets specification.
Although over 80% of our business is in application specific products, we have designed our
manufacturing system to provide customers the ability to order these products, at prices competitive
with "off the shelf" products. This is accomplished through our "mass customization" approach in
response to customer requirements for a supplier who is capable of quickly providing application
specific designs at very competitive prices.

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Supply Concepts adds broad capabilities for custom connector
applications, including:
 Alternative solutions to
sole source connectors
 Collaborative Engineering
Approach
 Tool and Die Making
 Molding / Overmolding
 Contact Stamping
 Automated Contact
Assembly
Alternative solutions to:
 Tyco Molex
Amphenol
 FCI JST ITT Augat
 Elcon 3M Berquist
 Burndy Cambion
Cambridge
 Johnson Souriau
Winchester

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InjectionMoulding&Plastic Part Manufacturing
With years of experience, Supply Concepts can assist you in the design and prototyping stage
through to tooling and manufacturing of plastic injection moulding parts in Asia. Our team will ensure
you receive all the information needed to make the right decisions about your injection moulding
requirements: material selection, colors, packaging and any other aspects.
Choosing the right type of plastic for the job is often critical. Supply Concepts can assist you based
on the knowledge and track record we have compiled through many years in the injection moulding
industry and in plastic part manufacturing. We process a wide selection of thermoplastic materials
including PVC, Nylon, Polycarbonate, Noryl, Styrene, Polystyrene, Polypropylene & Acrylic. Injection
moulding parts can range from 3 grams to 10,000 grams. Plants incorporate use of robotic assisted
part picking, drying and packing to minimize overhead and deliver the lowest possible part cost.
When choosing injection moulding suppliers, you can be confident that Supply Concepts will provide
the best ratio of cost and quality with our Asia manufacturing operations.
Plastic Component and Tooling Design
Equipped with the latest CAD software, our injection moulding design team will work from your
drawing and design the mould to produce the product exactly as you have specified.
By having in house mould designers, toolmakers and mould shop, we have a closed loop evaluation
process that enables us to deliver results quickly, accurately and competitively.
We assist with material selection and component design to optimise manufacturing. Supply
Concepts will work closely with your project manager as part of your design team and as a strategic
sourcing partner. We perform flow process simulation to optimise part concept and tooling design.
Gate design analysis, filling, packing, runner balancing and cooling are all optimised. Prototypes are

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made to validate designs and sample production runs are performed as part of the testing stage to
evaluate the final tooling and part designs.
There are many benefits in building your plastic injection moulding tool and parts in Asia. We offer
you a wide range of types of steel for tooling including German, Swedish and American grades for
particular cores to achieve the desired results. Tools can be made for both short and long life spans,
depending on the product to be moulded, the quantity to be produced and the cost analysis
associated with the project.
Quality
All of our facilities are ISO certified. We manufacture products that comply with, or exceed, the
specifications supplied by our customers. Supply Concepts perpetually reviews manufacturing
processes/procedures and provides ongoing team training to ensure we meet our quality objectives
and maximize customer satisfaction.
Abbreviations for Rubber types
EPR - ethylene propylene rubber
SBR - styrene butadiene rubber
EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber
SAN - styrene acrylonitrile copolymer
SI - silicone
SMC - thermoset polyester sheet Moulding compound
TPE - thermoplastic elastomer
TPO - thermoplastic olefin
TPU - thermoplastic urethane
UF - urea formaldehyde
Abbreviations for Common Polymers
Polymers are commonly referred to by both their names and abbreviations. Commercial polymers
are also frequently referred to by the trade names of their manufacturer.
Polymers are commonly referred to by both their names and abbreviations. Commercial polymers
are also frequently referred to by the trade names of their manufacturer.

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ABS - acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer
BMC - thermoset polyester bulk Moulding compound
EVA - ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
LCP - liquid crystal polymer
PA - polyamide, commonly called nylon
PAN - polyacrylonitrile
PAS - polyarylsulfone
PBD - polybutadine
PBT - polybuylene terephthalate
PC - polycarbonate
PE - polyethylene see also:
HDPE - high density PE
LDPE - low density PE
LLDPE - linear low density PE
VLDPE - very low density PE
HMW-HDPE - high molecular weight HDPE
UHMWPE – ultra high-molecular-weight polyethylene
PEEK - polyetheretherketone
PEK - polyetherketone
PEI - polyetherimide
PES - polyethersulfone
PET - polyethylene terephthalate
PET-G - glycol modified PET
PI - polyisoprene
PS-b-PI - polystyrene/polyisoprene block copolymer
PI - polyimide
PK - polyketone
PMMA - polymethyl methacrylate, commonly called acrylic
PMP – polymethylpentene
POM - polyoxymethylene, commonly called acetal
PP - polypropylene
PPA - polyphthalamide
PPO/PPE - polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene ether
PPS - polyphenylene sulfide
PS - polystyrene

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EPS - expanded polystyrene
HIPS - high impact polystyrene
PSO,PSU - polysulfone
PTFE - polytetrefluoroethylene
PU,PUR - polyurethane
PVA - polyvinyl alcohol (sometimes used for polyvinyl acetate)
PVAc - polyvinyl acetate
PVC - polyvinylchloride, commonly refered to as vinyl
PVOH - alternate abbreviation for polyvinyl alcohol
List of Plastic Processes
Gas Assist Injection Moulding GAIM
This process utilizes high pressure nitrogen gas to produce hollow injection moulded components
resulting in lower weight, shorter cycles and reduced visual sinking. Variants of this process include
“external gas moulding” and “internal gas moulding”. These processes allow more design freedom
and flexibility. It also allows discreet coring out of a thick product, thicker ribbing and can also
eliminate sink marks.
Water Assist Injection Moulding WAIM
This process is used in the manufacture of complex hollow items leaving a relatively uniform wall
section. Water is used to displace polymer melt and provide the packing pressure during the cooling
phase of the cycle. Typical examples; manifolds, elbows and water pipes.The suggested advantages
of WAIM over GAIM are:
-Thinner residual wall thickness (RWT) - lower material usage.
-Higher cooling rate - particularly where water is circulated.
-Improved internal surface finish.
This process has been most popular in automotive components that are typically thick sectioned. For
example: conduits that convey fluids around an engine and car door handles would utilize this
process.

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Metal injection moulding MIM
MIM is an advanced manufacturing process for forming small, complex, high-precision and high
performance metal parts. It is a development of the traditional powder metallurgy (PM) process and
has several key advantages. In the PM process, parts with undercuts or projections at right angles to
the pressing direction cannot normally be directly made. The MIM process substantially removes this
limitation.
Co-Injection Moulding, 2 Component Moulding, Multi-Component Moulding
This process is similar to injection molding but with multiple extruders to produce a single component
from two 2 or more different parent materials or colors. Typical applications are soft over-moulding to
produce seals or ergonomic soft-touch handles. Examples are: screwdrivers, soft-grip handles, cup-
holders and toothbrushes.
Thin Wall Injection Moulding TWIM
Thin wall moulding is defined as a wall thickness of less than 0.025 in (0.62 mm) or a flow length to
wall thickness ratio of greater than 200. When compared to standard injection moulding, high melt
flow materials are used (30-60 MFI) along with accumulator assist injection and higher injection
speeds/pressures. Stack moulds are common.
Micro Moulding
Recent advances in miniature moulding technology have seen major growth in the area of micro
moulding for electronics and medical applications.
Thermoplastic Injection Moulding
Thermoplastic Injection moulding is the most widely used of all plastic processing methods. Injection
moulding offers the lowest piece prices available, but tooling prices are generally the highest. The
injection moulding machine reduces pelletized raw material into a hot liquid. This "melt" is forced into
a cooled mould under tremendous pressure. After the material solidifies, the mould is opened and a
finished part is ejected.

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Thermoset injection Moulding
Thermoset injection moulding is similar to thermo-plastic injection moulding except that uncured
thermoset resins are mixed, injected, and held in a heated mould until cured. As with thermoplastic
moulding, the price per piece can be low, but the tooling prices are generally higher.
Blow Moulding
This method is typically used to create hollow parts; jars, bottles, containers, etc. Part prices for this
style of plastic and rubber services are generally higher than injection moulded parts, but, lower than
rotationally moulded parts. Tooling costs are moderate.
Rotational Moulding
Rotational moulding uses hollow moulds filled with powdered resin. Low tooling costs and higher
piece prices are typical of this process.
Compression Moulding
Compression moulding services use a slug of hard media pressed between the two halves of a
heated mould. After being formed, the part is air-cooled. Both tooling and piece part prices are
moderate.
Thermoforming Plastic Moulding
Thermoforming plastic moulding uses sheets of pre-extruded rigid plastic as the feed material.
These are heated horizontally and sucked down into hollow one-piece tools.
In-Mould Labelling IMD
(Also referred to as In-mould decorating) Mainly used in injection moulding. Robotically placed
individual pre-printed decorative labels are loaded during each machine cycle into the mould tool. To
assist adhesion during the closing and material flow stages, the label and tool is electrostatic
charged.

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Plastic Welding
Plastic welding – various plastic welding processes are employed depending upon part geometry,
size and polymer used. Ultrasonic welding, hot-plate welding, vibration welding, laser welding and
spin welding can all be used.
Structural Foam Moulding
Structural foam moulding is a term commonly used to describe components made by the injection
moulding process that have a cellular core in which the outer surface is denser than the inner layers.
The core of the moulding is of a honeycomb nature and less dense than the outer surface. This can
also be referred to as microcellular injection moulding (MuCell). Applications include - Wine corks,
Energy absorbing foam, low weight products, impact absorbing pads.
Moisture Conditioning
Some plastics, including nylons, will absorb moisture from the atmosphere, which alters their
physical properties. Properties affected include brittleness and dimensional stability. Moisture
absorption can be as high as 2% of a products weight. A pigment is often applied during the
moisture conditioning process to identify treated parts.
Custom Cable Assemblies
Producing the highest quality Cable Assemblies, along with providing the best service possible has
always been key to our success. From simple point-to-point assemblies, to complex multi-
termination type assemblies, Supply Concepts has the experience necessary to satisfy all of your
custom cable prototyping and manufacturing requirements.
Your requirements are unique and you need a supplier that not only delivers a finished assembly,
but a manufacturing partner that offers you the unique services that your company requires. Whether

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you have a loose concept or detailed work instructions, Supply Concepts works from your
documentation to create a Custom Cable Assembly Solution tailored to your requirement.
With professionally trained personnel and the latest industry equipment, Supply Concepts delivers
your Custom Cable Assemblies on time, every time. From the simplest Cable Assemblies to the
most complex Wire Harnesses, Supply Concepts has the Service, Quality, and Price your company
needs. We have the means and resources to ensure high quality and low unit cost. Our capabilities
include:
Your requirements are unique and you need a supplier that not only delivers a finished assembly,
but a manufacturing partner that offers you the unique services that your company requires. Whether
you have a loose concept or detailed work instructions, Supply Concepts works from your
documentation to create a Custom Cable Assembly Solution tailored to your requirement. With
professionally trained personnel and the latest industry equipment, Supply Concepts delivers your
Custom Cable Assemblies on time, every time. From the simplest Cable Assemblies to the most
complex Wire Harnesses, Supply Concepts has the Service, Quality, and Price your company
needs. We have the means and resources to ensure high quality and low unit cost. Our capabilities
include:
StandardCableAssemblies
In addition to Custom Cable Assemblies, Supply Concepts proudly offers Industry Standard Cable
Assemblies. From industry mainstays such as USB and VGA to the newest emerging standards,
Supply Concepts is your single source for all of your Cable Assembly needs. Contact Supply
Concepts today to discuss your Cable Assembly requirements.
WireHarnessManufacturing
We provide wire harnesses for OEM customers in a wide range of industries-including; process
control, telecommunications, gaming, product dispensing, audio and video, computer, medical,
health-care, and automotive industry.

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WireandCablePrep
From stripping to cutting to preparation and assembly, we use the best machines available, with
SPC qualified operators.
FlatRibbon
Flat cable connections are used in numerous wiring applications, from the computer industry for
board to board interfacing.
Additional ribbon cable production capabilities include wire, splicing, IDC terminations, .025 to .156
centreline spacing, plus many others. In addition to ribbon cables, we are also fully equipped for
processing other flat cable products: twisted flat cable, Flexible File Cable and printed wiring.
FlexCable
Polymer Thick Film (PTF) Circuits
Double-Sided Flexible Printed Circuit Technology

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Rigid-Flex and Multilayer Circuit Designs
Single and Double Sided Etched Copper FPC
Coaxial
Medical
Moisture proofing to IP standards
Flexibility

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Flex life
Lot traceability
Medical grade material options to include TPE,
Polyurethane, and Silicone
Cable appearance and cosmetics
Resistance to sterilization methods
Elimination of triboelectric noise
EMI suppression
WireHarness
We can use many different wire types and gauges from 2-30ga. We use high speed equipment to
cut, strip, terminate, and mark wire, and can customize just about any wire harness to your needs.
From the basic 2 circuit harness to a complex 100 circuit harnesses with multiple breakouts, we
have produced them all.

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Molded
PVC
Nylon
ESD Compounds
Polypropylene
Polyester
Polyurethan
Medical
Embedded Circuitry
Power

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Custom power cords, heavy duty power cords, hospital grade power cords, locking power cords,
international power cords, almost any NEMA and IEC configurations, power cord adapters, OEM
replacement custom cords, Electrical, industrial, outdoor use, we make them all.
FiberOptic
Multimode and single mode bulk fiber
Simplex, duplex and multi-fiber
ST, SC, SMA, Biconic, FDDI, ESCON, Mini BNC
Pigtails, patch cords, hybrids
Multi fiber with pulling eyes
Patch panels
Manufacturing Highlights
Assemblies are made with all industry standard connectors
Patch cords are available in standard PC polish, ultra-polish or angled polish
All cables can be customized to fit any length and pulling-eyes are available
Single mode outside plant multi-fiber assemblies are also available
Assemblies can be packaged in individual plastic bags
All assemblies are 100% tested and manufactured in a controlled factory environment.

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USB
All types of USB cables and USB connectors are available: standard, mini and micro formats, type A
& type B in both male and female.
We can also produce custom USB leads with non-standard connectors or plugs for your specific
application. USB cables are also produced in the popular retractable style.
USB 2.0 to ide cable
USB extension cable
USB printer cable
USB data cable
USB to serial cable
Parallel to USB cable
USB midi cable
Firewire to USB cable
Psp USB cable
USB extender cable
USB file transfer cable
USB cable 1.1
USB extension cable
USB cable splitter
USB to rca cable
Cell phone USB cable
Centronics USB cable
Scsi to USB cable

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USB 2.0 cable
USB to parallel printer cable
lpod USB cable
Mini USB cable
USB to USB cable
USB to ide cable
USB ethernet cable
Internal USB cable
USB link cable
Long USB cable
USB 2 cable
USB data transfer cable
USB a b cable
USB bridge cable
USB network cable
USB direct link cable
USB transfer cable
USB 2.0 extension
leee 1394 USB cable
USB camera cable
USB male type a cable
USB 2.0 printer cable
USB mini b cable
USB optical cable
USB to rs232 cable
USB cable adapter
Digital camera USB
InstrumentationCable
Multi-meter, cables
Instruments cables for Oscilloscopes, Spectrum analyzers, Signal generators
Laboratory equipment/Lab instrument cables
Double-Shielded GPIB Cable
GPIB interface for digital logic analyzers
Temperature measurement instruments cables
Infrared thermometers, Infrared cameras
Weighing Scales cables

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Humidity measurement instrument cables
Gas detectors and Gas analyzers
Metrology equipment
Shielded GPIB Cables
GPIB Cable, Double-Shielded, Standard to Right-Angle
GPlB interface Instrument Cables - with Shielded Plug/Receptacles
Metrology GPIB cable
GPIB cable for HPIB equipment (Hewlett Packard Interface Bus)
Custom MetalFabrication
No matter what your metal fabrication needs are, Supply Concepts in Asia can offer the
right solution: from single part, or sub-assembly, to turnkey solutions for mechanical and electrical
assemblies. We have the technology, equipment, and the experience, to fabricate customized metal
products from aluminium, steel, zinc plated steel, stainless steel, brass and copper. Designs that
require CNC machining of surfaces or components can be accommodated. We can supply polished,

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galvanized, zinc coated, painted, or powder coated finishes. Coupled with our accurate and reliable
metal fabricating equipment, we guarantee precision and consistency. You’ll be taking advantage of
the best metal fabrication Asia can produce.
We offer your company the benefit of our experience and assistance with the fabrication of existing
products, or the development of prototypes. We work closely to understand your needs and advise
the most cost effective solution for a given application. Below is a short list of our capabilities:
-Laser Cutting
-Metal Stamping
-Fastener Insertion
-CNC sheet metal punching and folding machines
-Metal pressing
-Toolmaking for metal stamping
-CNC Machining
-MIG and TIG welding of aluminium, mild steel and stainless steel
-Anodizing, Powder Coating and Spray painting
-Materials including zinc alloy, copper, brass, titanium and steel
-Small, medium or high volume production runs
-Associated Assembly work, including electrical assembly
Prototype Fabrication
Supply Concepts can assist you in sheet metal work in Asia for prototype projects. We can either
manufacture samples to your specifications or design a sheet metal product for you. Evaluating
prototypes are crucial prior to mass manufacturing a product to ensure it meets specifications and
provides the opportunity to correct any errors that may be present. Taking advantage of our high
quality prototype manufacturing capability and Asia based facility assures the products supplied are
at the lowest possible cost.

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Prototypes and Cost Savings in Asia
At prototype stage we can advise on improvements to reduce manufacturing time and cost. This
involves looking at nesting of parts on the sheet, material yield and manufacturing techniques. It is
worth noting that each manufacturing facility possesses its unique core strengths that deliver the
most cost efficient solution. We optimize product manufacturing requirements to match specific
facilities in Asia to achieve the best quality to price..
CNC Machining & Milling
We are your ultimate one stop source in Asia for all your CNC machining needs. From single sample
to large production runs, CNC machining offers high accuracy and great flexibility. Utilizing the latest
Japanese and German machinery in low labor areas, we deliver high quality products at very
competitive pricing.
Supply Concepts specializes in CNC Machining of complex shaped parts, Rapid Sample
Development, Fabrication and Assembly of manufactured parts. By combining our in-house
expertise with services from suppliers in different fields such as plating, painting or brazing, we are
able to provide a complete solution to our customers. We coordinate capabilities in different fields
such as plating, brazing, painting, and powder coating to provide a complete solution to our
customers.

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More on CNC
There are number of different parts that can be made using CNC equipment. We can breakdown
those in four categories: CNC Turning, CNC Milling, CNC Sheet Metal Stamping, CNC Bending. If
you need some guidance to complete the design or make an improvement of your component our
experienced staff can help with drawings, reverse engineering, material selection and tooling. We
help you choose the top CNC milling Asia can provide with the shortest lead-time and top quality.
CNC Turning produces parts by "turning" rod material while feeding a cutting tool into the spinning
product. In CNC turning the cutter can be fed into the rotating object at a variety of angles with many
tool shapes can being utilized. CNC turning provides an economical way to produce parts that are
commonly symmetrical measured from the axis of rotation. Shapes that can be made using CNC
turning include a variety of plain, taper, contour, fillet, and radius profiles including threaded
surfaces. Although many turned parts use a single axis of rotation, there can be multiple points to
allow increased flexibility (e.g. crankshafts). CNC turning can be combined with CNC milling and
other processes to make more diverse shapes.
CNC Mlling is a cutting process in which material is removed from a block by a rotating tool. In CNC
milling the cutting tool is moved in all three dimensions to achieve the desired part. In CNC milling
the cutting tool usually rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to the table which holds the
material to be cut. A CNC milling machine looks somewhat like a drill press at first glance with a
cutting tool protruding down from a rotating spindle. A block of material is placed on a moving table
below the cutter. While the cutting tool turns, a computer controls the vertical (Z axis) motion of the
cutter and the horizontal (X and Y axis) motion of the block of material. The cutter is guided to move
through the material, removing portions to create shapes. Additionally, the material can be turned to
various orientations in the middle of the process, while cutting tools of various shapes can be used.
Material is usually removed by both the end and the side of the cutting tool.
CNC Milling has several advantages over other manufacturing processes. It is cost effective for short
runs. Complex shapes and high dimensional tolerances are possible. Smooth finishes can be
achieved. CNC milling can produce almost any 2D or 3D shape provided that the rotating cutting

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tools can reach the material to be removed. Examples of CNC milled parts include engine
components, mould tooling, complex mechanisms, and enclosures.
CNC Sheet Metal Stamping dies are used to produce high precision metal components which are
identical in shape and size. The dimensional accuracy and stability achieved using precision CNC
metal stamping is very high and thus, quality made metal stamping dies are critical.
Metal stamping components are utilized everywhere, home electrical switches, computer casings,
cars, aircrafts, etc. are just some examples. A highly specialized branch of mechanical engineering,
metal stamping technology has grown considerably with the evolution of sophisticated machineries,
CAD and CAM.
Sheet metal stamping services: Modular stamping, Progressive die stamping, High-speed stamping,
deep draw stamping, Bore slide stamping, Transfer stamping.
CNC Bending is a process where sheet metal is bent to an angle using, typically a V shaped punch
or a die. The sheet is placed between the punch and die which presses down on the sheet. CNC
bending provides a low cost method to produce 3D shapes from 2D sheets.
CNC bending is a suitable technique for processing most ductile metals, and primarily for sheet
metal designs with one or more bends such as brackets, enclosures, cams, chassis, etc. There is
generally no special tooling required for CNC bending, with the exception of intricate designs and
special bends.
Heat Sink Manufacturing inAsia
With so many complex requirements and heat sink design options, this can be a challenging task. At
Supply Concepts, thermal engineers understand the factors that impact heat sink specs & design:
system airflow, orientation, attachment methods, size, ambient conditions, budget, ect. As designers
and manufacturers of hundreds of heat sink solutions, Supply Concepts excels in solving thermal
design challenges. We can deliver a heat sink design, characterize its performance, fabricate,
prototypes, and deliver to meet production volumes. Manufacturing a heat sink in Asia is your cost
effective alternative.

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About Heat Sinks
Heat Sinks sinks are devices that improve heat dissipation from a hot surface to cooler ambient
one. A heat sink does this by increasing the surface area that is in contact with cooling media.
Extruded Heat Sinks are relatively inexpensive; once a design is made the manufacturing process
is highly automated. Aluminium being the most common material used offers and inexpensive
thermal conductor material. Extruded heat sinks are used for most general applications. Depending
on the design, fin pitch, and base thickness, they can be low to high performers. The basic con is
they are limited in their dimensions being that they are based on an aluminium extrusion with a given
shape.
Stamped Heat Sinks are made from a piece of metal being stamped out in a press. A tool is made
to the form of the heat sink; the metal is then moved through a stamping which creates the heat sink.
This is a highly automated process and once the heat sink design is complete and the prototypes
checked, the actual production is a relatively simple. Stamped heat sinks are generally used for low
power applications since they are typically low performance option.
Bonded Fin Heat Sinks are generally designed for large applications that require moderate
performance. Bonded fin heat sinks are made by bonding individual fins of metal to a base. The
bonding can be done by a thermal epoxy or by brazing. The main advantage to this type of heat sink
is it can be used for large applications, such as a DC-DC converter or battery charger. The main
drawback is that manufacturing process labor is intense, resulting in a higher cost for the bonded fin
assembly.

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Folded Fin Heat Sinks are best performers if there is ducted air. The flow is directed through a duct
directly at the heat sink. Fin pitch can be optimized in the heat sink manufacturing process making it
a very high performer. Also, because the heat sink material is folded, there can be an increase in
surface area which heat can be dissipated. Fold fin heat sinks have high heat flux density. The
drawbacks to this type of heat sink are the cost including manufacturing and ducting necessary in
your system. In some cases, plastic can be used to create a folded fin heat sink.
Active Heat Sinks are those that have some kind of forced air mover on them. This might be a fan
or blower, most times being attached to the heat sink itself. The air movement provides air flow
which helps to cool down a semiconductor hot spot. Though Active Heat Sinks can be very efficient
they may not be the best solution long term. Fans are made up of moving parts can break, rendering
the heat sink less effective.
Forged Heat Sinks are done by compressing a metal, in most case aluminium or copper. Forged
heat sinks may be used in a wide variety of applications. They are medium performing heat sinks
that are generally inexpensive to make. Their only real limitation being they are somewhat limited in
design and air flow management.
Swaged Heat Sinks are made by a swaging manufacturing process, which is similar to the forging
process. The swaging process involves forming the metal to a die. Swaged heat sinks generally are
very good performers and ideal for high power applications. Swaged heat sinks tend to be bulky with
a limited ability to manage air flow.
Single Fin Assembly Heat Sinks are versatile for all applications. Their performance can scale
from low to high. Some reasons why thermal engineers use Single Fin are because single fin heat
sinks are light weight and feature low profiles which enable them to be deployed in tight spaces.
Skived Heat Sinks are those that are produced using the skiving process. Fins are made by making
very fine cuts from block of metal, usually aluminium or copper. Skived heat sinks can be used in
many applications requiring medium to high performance. The skiving process produces heat sinks
with very high fin density, creating more surface area for heat dissipation. A drawback is the thick
base often seen in skived heat sinks. The Skived heat sink needs to be placed in a forced air flow to
be efficient, very much like Active Heat Sinks.

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Integrated Heat Pipe Assemblies
Although heat pipes themselves do not actually dissipate significant amounts of heat, they do
effectively transfer heat without a large increase in temperature. This unique transfer capability
allows them to transport, or spread heat to a point remote from the heat generator. A variety of basic
heat sink technologies benefit from integrating heat pipes which improve conduction paths, reduce
overall weight, and raise thermal performance without increasing volume. The availability of a wide
range of heat pipes sizes and power handling capabilities make them suitable for the integration in
different types of high performance applications. Due to the large variety and diverse nature of
customer requirements, most heat sinks using integrated heat pipes are developed specifically for
the application. Heat Pipe assemblies have been used to solve thermal problems in motor drives,
SMPS, transportation applications, desktop/notebook/computer servers and telecommunication.

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Transformer Manufacturers - Power, Current,
Electrical & Toroidal
Transformers made to specification are common item sourced via Supply Concepts from China. We
have a long standing relationship with number of Chinese transformer manufacturers specializing in:
- IE Type transformers
- Toroidal (toroid) transformers
- High Frequency transformers used in Switch Mode Power Supplies
- Chokes and inductors
When you need a Transformer manufacturer that offers 'value-add' service, which includes
manufacturing wiring harness, assembly of made transformers on to PCB or in to the enclosure and
doing some base wiring, We have close relationships with power transformer manufacturers, current
transformers manufacturers, electrical transformers manufacturers and several toroidal transformer
manufacturer facilities.
Below is a short summary of different types of transformers and there’s benefits.
EE and EI Transformers:
- A wide range of single or multiple voltages, currents or power
- Low idle losses
- Excellent heat dissipation
ER, ETD and PQ Transformers:
- Provide an optimized ratio of volume to winding area and surface area
- Good heat dissipation.
- High power output
- Low idle losses

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EFD, EP and EPC type of Transformers offer:
- Wide range of power rating.
- Excellent magnetic shielding
- Good heat dissipation.
- Low idle losses
POT and RM types of Transformers”
- Good magnetic shielding
- Small distributed capacitance
- Can be supplied gapped with tuner
- Well-suited for high Q inductors & tuned transformers.
Toroid / Toroidal Transformers:
- Can be made of any size
- Wide range of power output
- Low exterior magnetic field
-Wide range of input/output voltages available
- Low idle losses
Wire type Transformer:
- Wide range of power output
- Good heat dissipation
- Low idle losses

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High Standards Guaranteed
Supply Concepts International has a longstanding relationship with testing authorities in both
Australia and China. This ensures that all products supplied by manufacturers comply with current
electrical safety standards (AS/NZS) for a variety of applications. On behalf of its customers, PA
International has also worked with various testing authorities to assist customers in obtaining
electrical approvals of their products.
We’ll manage the relationship with each power transformer manufacturer, current transformer
manufacturer and the electrical transformer manufacturers performing transformer manufacturing in
China for you.
Points to consider when ordering Transformers:
Approvals:
Custom transformers can be designed to the applicable sections of other standards, such as: UL,
IEC, VDE, CSA, AS/NZS and others.
Insulation
Unless specified otherwise, transformers are made to meet Class B (130°C). However, we use four
UL approved insulation classes, which may be specified as required, up to class H (180C).
Temperature Rise
Transformer temperature rise may be specified as required in given operating ambient. The basic
design guideline is 60°C. With a Class B (130°C) insulation system, this would allow operation in a
maximum 70°C ambient.
Inputs
Most common input voltage for transformers is 220VAC. We can design and manufacture
transformers with other voltage inputs including multy-voltage tapings.

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Line Frequency
Standard transformers are designed to operate at 50 or 60 Hz. Grain oriented steel cores can be
used at frequencies up to 2 kHz. For higher frequencies we use such materials as ferrite, powdered
metal and other composites.
Power: Power requirements up to 25 kVA per phase (75 kVA for three phase transformers).
Outputs
The output loading of the transformer may be specified in either of two ways:
-AC (RMS) voltage and current (IAC) or power (VA) and duty cycle for each secondary output.
-DC load parameters. We can engineer the optimum transformer from your specific DC load data.
This data should include: DC voltage, current, rectifier type (full wave, full wave bridge, etc.) and
specification, capacitor type and value, regulator type and specifications, and special load
characteristics, including duty cycle. Please supply a simple schematic, if possible. With this
information, we will determine the optimum secondary AC specifications for each output.
Mounting
In addition to the standard potted center toroidal transformer and mounting disk with washers, we
can supply custom toroids with threaded inserts, bushings, or studs pressed into a potted center;
special molded bases; complete molded enclosures; printed circuit mount cases or custom sheet
metal brackets and enclosures.
Leads
Leads may be specified as solid (stripped and/or tinned) or stranded (with special stranding ratios,
stripped and/or terminated). Insulation layers and type may be specified (Teflon, PVC, single,
double, etc.). Lengths of transformer leads are required.
Thermal Protection
Customer specified temperature and type: self-resetting switch or fuse. We use specially packaged
(for high mechanical stress) internationally approved devices in our transformers.

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Electrostatic Screen
Customer specified. To reduce capacitive coupling, and/or create a physical barrier insert (known as
safety screen), between primary and secondary or between specified secondary’s windings of
transformer. Copper foil laminated between insulation provides 100% coverage.
Magnetic Shield
Toroidal transformers radiate about 1/10 the magnetic field of standard EI transformers, but to
further attenuate stray magnetic fields in very sensitive applications, such as in close proximity to a
CRT, an additional magnetic shield may be called for. Magnetic shields consist of multiple layers of
grain oriented silicon steel, or a high nickel content alloy, such as MU-Metal, Magnifier 79, etc..,
laminated between insulation; wrapped around circumference of transformer. Disks are also
available for use within potted assemblies.
Mechanical
Height and diameter of the electrical transformers made to suit, as long as the core cross section is
held constant.
Project Photos:

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