The document discusses the social learning theory and its role in analyzing opinions of undergraduates regarding drinking alcohol alone versus mixing alcohol with energy drinks. It references several journal articles that provide information on this topic, including how social learning theory relates to drug expectancies and effects. The articles discuss topics like university students' hazardous drinking compared to peers, and the psychological and hazardous drinking practices associated with mixing alcohol and energy drinks.
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Teenage Alcohol Abuse and Social Learning Theory
1. Social Learning Theory
Undergraduates and youths in general have different opinions on the outcome of drinking alcohol alone and mixing it with energy drinks. Their
perceptions differ because of the variant experiences the individuals have had for long. There are different articles used in this report that have
significant information to the opinions of undergraduates concerning the outcome of drinking alcohol alone and mixing it with energy drinks. This
report includes different journal articles with different and relevant information on the mixed consumption of alcohol and energy drinks.
The Social Learning Theory
The social learning theory plays an elemental role in the identification and analysis of the opinions of the undergraduates and other youths (Skewes,
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25). Huntley gives expectancies for the effects of drugs including relapses and cessations and relates them to caffeine, which is in energy drinks
(Huntley & Juliano, 2012, p.27), which relates the effects of mixed drinking of the AMEDs. In a letter to the editor, theuniversity students drink more
hazardously than their peers do (Peacock, Pennay, Droste, Bruno & Lubman, 2014, p. 11). AEAS have tangible effects on the issue (Mallet, Marzell,
Scaglione, Hultgren & Turrisi, 2014, p.28). AMEDs have psychological and hazardous drinking practices (Varvil
–Weld, Marzell, Turrisi, Mallet &
Cleveland, 2013,
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2. Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay
Teenage alcohol abuse is one of the major problems that affect academic performance, cause health problems and is responsible for the death of
teenage drivers and sometime their passengers. Many teens drink because they think it is cool and do not understand the dangers of drinking
alcohol. In 2008 a survey on the students views on alcohol was conducted in the Atlanta Public School System of 4,241 students surveyed results
showed 74% of sixth graders felt there was a health risk while 25% felt there was no health risk; 81% of eighth graders felt there was a health risk,
while 19% felt there was none; 82% of tenth graders felt there was a health risk, while 18% felt there was none, and 84% of twelve graders felt there
was a health risk,...show more content...
Statistics show that prevention programs decrease binge drinking in students 6th through 12 grades, as indicated by the successful intervention
programs of Project Northland and Life Skills Training. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of both programs, The Atlanta Public School System
decided to use strategies from both program which addressed the closest positive results that matched the Atlanta Public School System's objectives of
decreasing substance use (alcohol), improvements in positive attitudes/behavior and reductions in negative attitudes/behavior, and reduce the
possibility of automobile accidents and health problems related to alcohol abuse. SUMMARY
Teenage binge drinking (consumption of five or more alcohol drinks in a row) has grown to be a serious problem in the United States. A report in
2009 from the Surgeon General's office show alcohol consumption by teens start as early as 11 years of age for boys and 13 years of age for girls
(Grant & Dawson, 1997). In the youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Report (2007), data results showed that over three million teenagers in grades 6
through 12 are alcoholics, and several million teens have serious health issues due to drinking. Further research conducted by the Harvard School of
Public health (2006) show a direct correlation of automobile accidents, alcohol poisoning, poor academic performance. violence and
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3. Qualitative Research Summary
Population The population of interest for the proposed study includes college freshmen in Texas. This study considers college freshmen in Texas to be
first–year and full–time students enrolled in any college or university in the state, aged 18 to 24 years old. As 44 percent of college students drink
excessively, there is a clear need for effective alcoholeducation (Champion, Lewis, & Meyers, 2015). This study hypothesizes students also need
alcohol education programs that cater to their university or college environment, whether it is urban or rural. Rural college students are considered
those who attend college in a city with less than 50,000 residents, while urban college students attend college in a city with more than 50,000 residents
...show more content...
If the hypothesis that urban and rural college students have different perceptions and habits concerning alcohol use, social workers will have the
knowledge to provide these clients with resources specific to population needs. This study will also impact social work practice and policies, as more
population specific resources and education will be encouraged. In regards to social work research, this study will promote further research on the
differences in perceptions and habits of people within different locations and environments. Additionally, this study relates to social work theories like
systems theory, as it examines a population that is influenced by various systems, such as environment and population size (Dudley, 2011). By looking
into the comparisons between urban and rural students, this study expands into another system that previous research did not consider (Brown–Rice,
Furr, & Jorgensen, 2015; Frequency of Drinking Games, 2015; Kenny & Grim,
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4. Confirmation Bias Essay
Do you have a friend who say things that are not true all the times? A friend who will point to selective events that help with their points while
completely disregarding the events that goes against them? The ones that will tell you that they are on a hot streak after five wins and twenty loses.
This person is demonstrating a sense of confirmation bias. Confirmation bias is the tendency to ignore or forget evidence that could disprove a prefer
belief in favor of proof that would support the belief. People everyday has fallen victim to this fallacy when making important and mundane decisions.
The problem is that people do not realize that they are committing this tendency. Understanding how confirmation bias appears in our decision making
and training with that knowledge will help us avoid it.
So how does confirmation bias manifest in our thinking? It all starts with your pet belief. As you may be well aware, your beliefs directs the way you
gather and interpret information. You may not be aware that your beliefs are putting all incoming information through a bias filter. This filter causes a
person to unintentionally sift through the information for ones that are supportive of their beliefs. Information that does not sound helpful for this
belief can be filtered in order for the interpretation to be sound. Recalling memories deal with the same problem as the information that is being recall
has...show more content...
These techniques are simply questions that you must ask yourself when gathering information. Are you looking for information that will lean towards
your beliefs or are you actively looking the the evidence needed to disconfirm it? Did your search begin with and desirable outcome in mind? Are you
ready to give up your belief if the evidence suggest otherwise? These questions are designed to help you find information that will lead to a belief and
not the other way
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5. Essay On Causal Argument
Argument #2 Causal Argument A causal argument is the regularity of a cause
–and–effect relationship. It applies to causation of trends or patterns
among populations. If A occurs, then B occurs. "A is sufficient for B" means that if A occurs the B occurs. "A is necessary for B" means that if B
occurs the A occurs. Most genetically engineered foods produce a more nutritious, grander looking, cost–effective, and improved tasting product. This
argument is strong stands strong if A happens, the B happens. If B happens then A could have happened. If genetically engineered foods are healthier,
viewed as cost effective and improved in taste consequently, they can also cause crippling effects, endorse disease–resistant pests, and speed up the
diseases across species fences. Reference Thompson, (1998, Nov). The introduction of genetically altered foods: why we should not tamper with
Mother Nature Retrieved from https://www.uky.edu/ Argument #3 Appeals to Authority Means a common argument form which can be fallacious,
such as when an it is cited on a topic outside there are of expertise or when cited to be that of non–truth. –Approximately 11–20 out of 100 Veterans
who participated in (OIF) Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (OEF) have PTSD in a set year....show more content...
In 2014, President Obama launched the BRAIN Initiative as part of a large–scale effort to help researchers treat a wide variety of brain disorders like
PTSD, Alzheimer's, autism, and other traumatic brain injuries. These new tools and this deeper insight will ultimately catalyze new treatments and
cures for devastating brain disorders and diseases that are estimated by the World Health Organization to affect more than one billion people
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6. Jeremy Rifkin Enemies Of Promise
Causal
Science has helped improve many people's lifestyle from eating a healthy diet to stopping different form of disease that are attacking the human
body. Science also provides intolerable lifestyle to people such as the elders as when the elderly have an incurable disease and the elderly are
suffering for this incurable disease and wants to die, but cannot due to science advancement in technology making impossible to die at that moment.
The possible future of science is uncontrollable. The power of science provides possibility and with this possibility doesn't always generate a good
possibility. Jeremy Rifkin in "Biotech Century" and Michael Bishop in "Enemies of Promise" talks about the science as their argument in a casual
sense of...show more content...
The creation with all the religions belief or attachment will suddenly shatter as people relied or set their whole life around that belief. There are
people whom committed suicide because of a belief that was stated "It was the end of the world in May 21, 2011, Judgment day" and also went into
financial shambles as those people who believed in their belief sold everything they own and left with nothing. Rifkin quoted, "Genesis could lead to a
far different future–a biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of
creation" (312).This states that with biological creation creates more nonsense as the idea of the beginning creation of life seem invalid; in doing so,
creates the idea of an ordinary human creating the whole world itself, due to time as time fades away the ancient language of creation. If creationism
became true then many people would changes their ways as they thrives to find a religious purpose where sins or deeds that they acquired previously
won't have any effects against them such as killing a person previously and hoping that the person that he or she killed won't affected by the idea of
eternal darkness after death. The fear of unknowing and suddenly becomes the
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7. Causal Essay
Prohibition of drugs and alcohol causes crime.
Ostrowski a political analyst from the Cato institute, states that drug laws greatly increase the price of illegal drugs, often forcing users to steal to get
the money to obtain them. Although difficult to estimate the black market prices of heroin and cocaine, these drugs appear to be many times greater
than their pharmaceutical prices. For example, a hospital–dispensed dose of morphine (a drug from which heroin is relatively easily derived) costs only
pennies; cocaine costs about a dollar per ounce. It is frequently estimated that a good percentage of all property crime in the United States is committed
by drug users so that they can maintain their habits. That amounts to about four million...show more content...
Every property crime committed by a drug user is potentially a violent crime. Many victims are beaten, severely injured, and murdered each year. A
New York City crack user murdered five people in an eight–day period to get the money to buy drugs. The user survived the crack, but his victims did
not. So in actuality, the act of prohibiting drugs is to blame for so called "drug–related violence." Legal drugs like morphine, alcohol, and a pack of
smokes are more detrimental to the user and those around the user than one joint smoked a week. Plus, if pot were to be legalized, it would be
regulated, and DUIs could be given to those who drive while high.
Legalization will not increase drug use. Ostrowski says that long–term trends in legal drug use suggest that there would be no substantial increase in
drug use under decriminalization. As a society, we are gradually moving away from the harmful use of alcohol and tobacco. Alcohol consumption and
death caused by alcohol have also been gradually declining as people switch from hard liquor to less potent formulations. Finally, use of marijuana has
declined according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). As our society grows increasingly
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