Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Indonesian Sea Nomads on Climate Change

TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF INDONESIAN SEA NOMADS
“ORANG SUKU LAUT” ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
Wengki Ariando1, Sangchan Limjirakan2
1
International Program of Environment, Development, and Sustainability, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
2Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
The 5th EnvironmentAsia International Conference
Chiang Mai, Thailand
June 13, 2019
Ariando, W & Limjirakan, S (2019)
Environment Development and Sustainability (EDS)
Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School
Chulalongkorn University
1

Source: https://www.iwgia.org/en/focus/climate-action/3291-cop24-indigenous-information
Prelude
2
Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change
“Indigenous Peoples are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of
climate change due to their close relationship to and dependence on their
land, territories and natural resources. At the same time, they are
increasingly impacted by climate change actions that are taking place
on their lands without their free, prior and informed consent”

Content
1 Introduction
2
3
5
Result and Discussion
6
Conclusions and Recommendations4
Methodology
Acknowledgement
3
Question and Answer

Recognized on
the International
Agreements and
the SDGs (no
one left behind)
Globalization:
rights as human,
degraded beliefs
(UNDRIP, 2007)
Vulnerable group
in climate
change (IPCC,
2007)
Biophysical and
socio-economic
impact from
climate change
Lack of
development
project and
policy (Ford et
al., 2012)
Needing
comprehensive
adaptation
approaches
(Fernandez et al.
2015)
Adaptive
capacity for years
Best practices in
environmental
management
(Berkes, 2010)
Traditional
Ecological
Knowledge
(Berkes, 1993)
Integrated
science and local
knowledge (Negi
et al., 2005)
Climate change
adaptation policy
INDIGEONOUS PEOPLES
and CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Introduction
4
ORANG SUKU LAUT

20–29 %
from
population237 million
Indonesia
Population
The
highest
number
group of
IPs
The IPs
who live
on land
and sea
Orang
Suku Laut
40 million, 5000 groups, 90 countries
Source: UNDESA (2015), IWGIA (2017), ILO (2017)
How about in Indonesia?
Masyarakat
Hukum
Adat
1128
groups of
the IPs
Indigenous Peoples
The Indigenous Peoples (IPs) are successor and native of distinctive cultures and ways of thinking with people and the environment whom
have treasured social, cultural, economic, and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the assertive societies in which they
live (United Nations, 2013)
5

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEKs)
Knowledge and
Practice
Cultural Belief
Adaptive
Capacity
TEKs in Climate
Change Adaptation
Indigenous
Peoples
Sea Land
Orang Suku Laut (OSL)
Lingga Regency, Riau Island Province
(Berkes, 1993)
Nomadic
groups
Semi-
nomadic
group
Sedentary
life group
Indonesia
6

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)
7
CCA is the capability to anticipate the
negative effects of climate change and to
take relevant actions to prevent the
impacts or taking advantage of
opportunities that may occur (IPCC, 2007).
The IPs have the ability to adapt themselves
to adjust the timing of activities and employ
a variety of techniques in surviving
changing conditions for climate change
adaptation (Berkes et al., 2000)

8
to study the Traditional Ecological Knowledge of the Orang Suku Laut on climate
change adaptation
Objective

Research Location for Selected
Area of the Orang Suku Laut in
Lingga Regency
30 groups
3931 people
806 households
Five sub-regencies:
Senayang, Lingga, North
Lingga, Selayar, and West
Singkep.
Department of Population and Civil Registration Lingga Regency (2018)
Study Area
November 2018 to January 2019
9

2. Methodology
Respondents (n=77)
Orang Suku Laut Related Stakeholders
Headmen
Elder
Women
Youth
Government
NGO
Private Sector
Academic and Society
Purposive Sampling Method
Field Observation
Statistical analysis
Descriptive and Content Analysis
10
Secondary Data Primary Data
In-depth Interview
(using semi-structured
questionnaire)
Desk Study
• Documents
• Report
• Policy
• Climate Data

11
3. Results and Discussion

62.07
37.93
Male Female
62.07
37.93
Fisherman Housewife
17.24
17.24
24.14
10.34
31.03
18-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 Over 61
93.1
6.9
None Primary School
Age Education Occupation
Orang Suku Laut
n=29 (37.66%)
Headman
31.03%
Elder
27.59%
Women
17.24%
Youth
24.14%
Demographic of Respondents
Gender
Additional Information
Government (44.15%), NGO (2.59%), Private (1.29%), Academic (5.19%), Society (9.09%)
12

Climate Change Perception of The Orang Suku Laut
Category Climate change (%) Current climate is
changing (%)
Seasonal changes impacted
on livelihood (%)
Headmen 100 100 100
Elder 75 75 87.50
Women 60 100 100
Youth 85.71 85.71 100
• Natural resources degraded
• Extreme weather events
and temperature increased
• Fishery productions and
incomes declined.
• Environmental
changes
• Natural resources
loss
• Water-related issues
• Health-related
issues
13

Traditional Ecological Knowledge
60.0% 26.7%
13.4%
14

Cultural Practice
Weather
Forecasting
Traditional
Fishing
Method
Traditional
Medicine
Disaster
Preparedness
Cultural
Astronomy Aquaculture
Mangrove
Conservation
Coral Reef
Conservation
Cultural practice is contingencies of human reinforcement
capacity with sustain behavior as a process of the customary
practice of different individuals over time (Glenn, 1989)
The challenges of the OSL in using their TEKs for climate
change adaptation consist of the degradation of their cultural
belief and practice
Climate variability, governmental policies, globalization, and socio-
economic situation were observed as principle factors in declining
their TEKs
15

Cultural Belief
Customary
Law
(Pantang
Larang)
Mantra
and Spell
(Pengasih
and Ilmu)
Blessing
Ceremony
(Zemah
Kampung)
Washing
Ceremony
(Melange
Ceremony)
Multiple
Purposes
Materials
(Kajang)
Cultural belief is spiritual or religious dimensions (beliefs) that do not make
sense to science or fall outside the realm of science (Berkes, 2012).
16

Adaptive Capacity
Vernacular
Architecture
Local
Migration
Adaptive capacity is the attributes of a system to adjust its characteristics or
behavior, to expand its coping range under existing climate variability, or
future climate conditions (IPCC, 2014)
Stilt House “Saphaw”
Sampan Kajang
17
Migration when the northern monsoonal season (DJF)(Source: Faisal, 2018)

4. Conclusions and Recommendations
• The TEKs of the OSL is adequate
activities in combating climate
change through the interconnection
among their cultural practice,
cultural belief, and adaptive
capacity.
• The challenges of the OSL in using
their TEKs for climate change
adaptation consist of the
degradation of their cultural belief
and practice.
• Climate variability, governmental
policies, globalization, and socio-
economic situation were observed
as principle factors in declining their
TEKs
18

• Indonesian action plans on climate change adaptation should take consideration the TEKs
regarding their autonomous adaptation.
• The study would highly recommend the involvement of the OSL through the Free, Prior, and
Informed Consent (FPIC) participation in the national strategic plans on climate change
adaptation with a clear direction.
19
Further Study

5. Acknowledgment
• Dr. Sangchan
Limjirakan as thesis
advisor
• International
Program of
Environment,
Development, and
Sustainability,
Graduate School,
Chulalongkorn
University
• All of Respondents
of this research
20

Thank You
21
6. Question and Answer

Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Indonesian Sea Nomads on Climate Change

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