Impact Of Climate Change On Food Security

Impact of Climate Change on Food Security
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CASESTUDY: SOLOMON ISLANDS
NAME: LIZZIE IMMACULATE. TEGU ID #: S11053489
Course Code: GE302 DUE DATE: week–13– 2011
Lecturer: Dr. Tamarisi Yabaki
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural sector was the most important sector for the economy. It accounts for approximately
30% of the GDP. Agricultural export is a major source of export earnings and it is the main source of employment and livelihood in the rural areas.
Agriculture consists of three sub–sectors: subsistence smallholder farming, a commercial sub–sector, and large plantations (Central Bank of Solomon
Islands, 2006, Annual Report 2005).
On the other hand, the climate of the Solomon Islands is...show more content...
Export commodities include gold, copra, wood and fish products, and cocoa (Judith A. Bennett 1978)
Solomon Islands is a low–lying coastal country that shares similar sustainable development challenges, including small population, remoteness,
susceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, and excessive dependence on international trade and foreign aid.
Besides, Solomon Islands have particular problems and concerns in dealing with the effects of climate change, variability and extreme events, and
Climate change will be a major impediment to the achievement of sustainable development in Solomon Islands. As all economic and social sectors
are likely to be adversely affected, and the cost of adaptation will be disproportionately high, relative to gross domestic product (GDP) (World Bank,
2000).
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION & INFORMATION

The Solomon Islands is located between latitudes 5o South and 12o South and longitudes 1520 East and 1630 East in the Pacific Ocean,
encompassing a total land area of 28, 785 square kilometres (km–2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) of 1.34 million km–2. The land area of the
Solomon Islands consists of a double chain of six large islands that make up total 997 islands. The double chain of islands is described as a
fragmented island arc situated along the boundary between the Ontong Java Plateau–Central Pacific Basin and the Solomon Sea–Woodlark–Torres
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The Importance Of Food Security
As global cities continue to expand, food demand in cities is going to rise as well. Food security in high rises is a complicated process. People
claiming to not have enough food while others carelessly throw food away. With the increase of population in cities and food waste, natural resources
including water, land and energy, are going to decline andfood security is unlikely to be achievable and sustainable. According to the Environmental
Protection Agency, Wastedfood accounts for about 2% of greenhouse gas emissions, 35% of freshwater consumption, 31% of cropland and 30% of
fertilizer usage (USA Today). According to the Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, food security is defined as a
situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO, 2011). Whereas food waste is simply food intended for consumption that is
wasted along the food supply chain and cannot be used. To achieve and sustain food security, there is need to come up with food production
technology that produce food with less waste for more people. The high percentage of food loss happens because of a long food supply chain of food,
from initial production down to final household consumption. More than 40% of food is lost in the pre–consumption stage during harvest, drying,
storage and transport (University of

Advantages Of Food Security
Food security is when people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for an active and healthy life. However, food security faces major
challenges like food wastage, poverty, terrorism, drought, pollution, soil erosion, climate change, etc. Over 200 years later, Malthus' prediction of food
production not keeping up with population growth is proving to be correct. Two management strategies which could be used to improvefood security in
the world are the introduction of insects to a person's diet and reducing food wastage.
Increased consumption of insects:
Advantages–
Consuming insects like crickets and mealworms provide similar levels of fat and protein as cattle, pork and poultry production and contain a more
nutritional value. Insects have much higher levels of nutrients like calcium, iron, zinc, they also are rich in essential amino acids and omega–3 fatty
acid which help to keep humans healthy. Researchers have suggested that entomophagy (the practice of eating insects) may be an effective way to
combat obesity and its related diseases.The two thousand edible species of insects can contain up to 80% of protein which is the body's building
blocks. Having contained more mineral iron than the standard serving of beef, insects can help reduce low iron in the human body which is the most
common nutritional problem in the world.
Consuming insects is more ethical and environmentally friendly and leaves a smaller footprint on the environment than livestock. To

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical Review on Food Insecurity 2.1.1. Concepts and Definitions
1.Food Security
The concept of food security is dynamic, that is continuously incorporated new dimensions and levels of analysis overtime. This ongoing evolution of
food security concept indicates the wider recognition of the difficulties of concept in different areas of research and public policy, for the reason that
food security issue has long history starting from time when global food crisis take place in the first half of the 1970s (Clay, E. 2002).
Food security is historically defined as the overall regional, national as well as global food supply and shortfalls in supply as associated to
requirements (Foster, 1992). The same author contended that, even though, the increased observation of differences in the sufficiency of food intake
by certain groups despite overall adequacy of supply, the term has been applied recently at a local, household, or individual level and it has been
widened beyond notions of food supply to include elements of access (Sen, 1981), vulnerability (Watts and Bohle, 1993), and sustainability (Chambers,
1989). Different organizations, scholars and institutions define food security differently. However, basic concept remains the same.
According to UN (1990), household food security defined as "The ability of household members to assure themselves sustained access to
sufficient quantity and quality of food to live active and healthy life." FAO (1992) defines as food security is referred in terms of access to food,
availability of food, and also in terms of resource distribution to produce food and purchasing power to buy food, where it is produced. Another
definition given by USAID (1992) defines food security as: "when all people at all times have both physical and economic access to sufficient food
to meet their dietary needs for a productive and healthy life." Based on this food security includes at a minimum the availability of nutritionally
adequate and safe food, and assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (such as without resorting to emergency food
supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies). According to World Bank

Food Security Essay
Background:
Food security is the access to safe food that is good for the body and promotes a healthy life. Food security includes having food available in sufficient
quantities, having food access meaning that you can obtain it easily, utilization of food, and the stabilization that food brings. About 850 million
people do not get enough to eat. That is 1 in 8 people that are hungry. 3.1 million children under 5 years old die because they were hungry and didn't
have enough food security. Sub–Saharan Africa has the least amount of food security in the world. There are many causes to not having food security.
One is poverty. Poverty causes people to not have enough money or enough land to get the sufficient amount of food that they need....show more
content...
The UN created the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. One of these main goals was to diminish hunger and poverty. This includes the
elimination food insecurity. The UN also created to 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Two of the goals are zero poverty and no hunger. They
are trying to stop any form of those by 2030. They also have a committee for food security called the Committee on World Food Security. This
committee talks about nutrition topics and focuses on the causes of food security and how to combat them. The World Food Program contributes to
obtaining continuous information about food security by doing assessments and surveys. They have done 555 in–depth assessments since 2001 and
20000+ surveys relating to food security. The WFP believes that information is key in finding out what individual country or community needs to
secure food security in their area. The WFP, along with many organizations, use the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification to have updated
information on various issues. There are many NGOs that help bring food security to communities such as One Village Transformed. This NGO has
worked in places such as Bangladesh, Uganda, and Laos to bring safe drinking water, food availability, and food access to small communities.
Bangladesh Rice and Diversified
Crop Activity is an organization that helps improve food security and increase incomes in the Feed the Future, from USAID, zone. InterAction is
another NGO

Food Security of Bangladesh
INTRODUCTION:
In this era of globalization, where we talk about world friendship–brotherhood and world peace, where we intervene in a country, where democracy is
not working well, where military spending is increasing day by day. Where first world country like USA throwing their surplus food at Atlantic, then
millions of people are dying from hunger in Africa. What kind of justice is this? Is this called free economy, is this called brotherhood, is this called
spreading peace all over the world?
Food security is also a difficult issue like this matter.
Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of 3rd world and half of its people can not get food twice a day. Though Bangladesh is a agricultural
country, still it has to...show more content...
But still experts and people of world are concerning and trying to induce the productivity and for proper distribution. So that, we can ensure food
security for all.
Bangladesh as a developing country also trying to contribute to reduce the imbalance of food security. But because of so many lacking, Bangladesh
cannot move forward. Though they have taken so many initiatives for food security recently, but those are not sufficient comparatively to our growing
population.
Although food grain is more available in good harvest years, Bangladesh as a whole still has a very low level of nutrition. This means many
households and individuals do not eat a balanced, nutritious diet, even in good years. According to the World Bank, approximately 33 million of the
150 million people in Bangladesh cannot afford an average daily intake of more than 1800 kilocalories (the minimum standard for nutrition as set by
the World Food Program). For people in most developing countries, the daily calorie average is 2,828. In Bangladesh, that average is only 2,190.
Poverty is the major factor effecting food security in Bangladesh. Despite the impressive increases in food grain, around half of Bangladeshis remain
below the established food based poverty line. And, as many as one third are living in extreme poverty and severely undernourished. Recent food

The Importance Of Food Security And Hunger
Have you ever wondered what starvation would feel like? Doing days without food and water? Not having secure food at all times affects a large
amount of people across the world of every age, race and gender. Food security and hunger is based on people that are not able to obtain enough food
to meet the daily minimum dietary requirements (Food and Agriculture Organisation 2017). Did you know that 11.3% of the world's population is
hungry? That's roughly 805 million people who go undernourished on a daily basis, consuming less than the recommended 2,100 calories a day
(dosomething.org 2016). Having food security is an important part of living, but there are many people out there who suffer on a daily basis without
food. Food Security Food security have four connected elements: availability, access, utilisation and stability. Availability is about the food trade and
supply. Access to food security involves the economic and physical access to food. Utilisation involves a person's health, diversity of a person's diet
and how food affects people's nutrition status. Stability is having food security all the time. By not meeting these elements of food security, this has a
major and negative outcome to people's lives. These negative outcomes involve food insecurity in children, teenage and adults include substandard
academic performance, inadequate intake of key nutrients, poor health, increased risk of chronic disease, reduced disease management and poor
psychological and

Food Security Essay
The food security of some developing countries remain stable with sufficient food to sustain the nations people.Many countries will continue depending
on international trade to ensure their food security.The fight against hunger targets and deliberate action in the form of comprehensive social services,
including food assistance, health and sanitation, as well as education and training; with a special focus on the most vulnerable.Climate change and
increased biofuel production represent major risks for long–term food security.
Australia environmental challenges
The level of food scarcity in Australia is very low due to the availability of food. The volume of water available is determined mainly by rainfall.
Rainfall is variable and in recent times many parts of Australia have experienced prolonged periods of drought. Water storage in dams and aquifers
(underground storage) is important to secure water supplies for human use. Most of the water consumed in Australia is by theagriculture industry,
which accounted for nearly two–thirds (65%) of total water consumed in 2004–05. Reduced water quality and flows can affect the agricultural and
tourism industries and damage the plants and animals that rely on the water for food and habitat. Climate change, urban expansion and soil erosion
challenges Australias food production as due to climate change, the water availability can be deducted. Urban expansion and soil erosion can create
less land to grow food for a growing

"About 7 million Filipinos in 2015 have resorted to open defecation–85% of which are from rural areas without toilet facilities. This poses a threat to
the safety of food and quality of drinking water" (WHO, 2016). Although there is a valuable abundance of life and resources, the Philippines is
paradoxically afflicted with various complications and barriers to fully access and sustainably use the natural resources available. The lives of Filipinos
are thus categorized by an adversity that is persistent throughout the world even with recent progressive developments. "Despite being one of the fastest
growing economies in Southeast Asia in recent years, declines in poverty were modest, leaving marginalized groups such as women, children and the
elderly vulnerable to hunger and poverty. This rapid economic growth, however, does not necessarily translate to better conditions when combined with
other factors such as nutrition and food security" (WFP, 2016). The country is managing to the best of its abilities to concentrate on the underlying
issues threatening food security. Of those issues, the most encompassing is the lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation, which debilitates a
population's ability to survive, actively work, and produce food. In attempt to address this issue, strict government enforcement of standards,
non–governmental intervention with affordable technology or means of sanitation, and education is necessary for improving the lives Filipinos.

Food security is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) as "a condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." According to Mustafa Koc's presentation, food security should be viewed as both a
societal objective as well as a discourse where the need to for looking at the bigger picture is an evident theme. He explores reasons as to why there is
food insecurity and alludes back to the fact that food is often seen as a commodity, not as a human right. This rights–based perception of food security
relates to that presented in Oxfam's
Handbook of...show more content...
Richard Choularton from the World Food Program stated that, "what is different now from 20 years ago is that far more people are living in places
with a higher climate risk; 650 million people now live in arid or semi– arid areas where floods and droughts and price shocks are expected to have the
most impact". In this way, the impacts of climate change on already vulnerable populations in terms of food security are immense. Research from the
Mary Robinson Climate Justice Foundation finds that climate change is having a domino effect on food and nutrition security for the world's poorest
and most vulnerable people. Climate change impacts will disproportionately fall on people living in tropical regions, and particularly on the most
marginalized population groups. This is the true injustice of climate change: the worse impacts are felt by those who contribute least to causing the
problem.
There are four channels by which climate change affects food security. This first is temperature increase. As temperatures rise, heat stress is affecting
plant yield. This lowers overall productivity. Higher temperatures also increase evaporation from plants and soils which increase water requirements
while lowering the amount of water available. The second is changing patterns. In many places, growing

The Importance Of Food Security
Food access has historically been an issue for needy and/or problem children, and those issues have evolved over time. What was once defined by
hunger and starvation, food insecurity is now defined by obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. However, the core issue remains the same–that poor
children suffer from malnutrition due to lack of proper nutritional support systems. Public food support services can help these children, but food
security is still an issue for these children. According to The Impact of the National School Lunch Program on Child Health, "Children in households
reporting the receipt of free or reduced–price school meals through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are more likely to have negative
health outcomes than observationally similar nonparticipants" (Gundersen, Kreider, & Pepper 2012, p. 79). While federal food assistance programs
like the National School Lunch Program add caloric supplementation to a child's dietary needs, it's clear that these programs still leave many dietary
needs unaddressed. Gundersen et. al. also found free lunch recipients are worse off than eligible nonparticipants in terms of health outcomes (see
Appendix A for detailed analysis and statistics). Despite efforts to relieve food insecurity in low–income households, those public food assistance
programs may not effectively eradicate food insecurity and might also exasperate problematic health outcomes for the children involved in these food
programs. Thus, food

Food Insecurity Essay
Food Insecurity Nutrition is important for healthy life. Many people are still hungry around the world even though there is mass production of food.
This is because of unhealthy food production. In today's world we see many obese people because of high intake of high fat and cholesterol
containing food. It is important to have a healthy diet/ nutritional intake for individuals to have good foundation for physical and mental health. Now
a day's healthy food is getting more expensive rather than unhealthy food. Poor people are forced to eat unhealthy food, while the rich can afford to
eat whatever the please. Food insecurity is caused by individuals not having healthy food for their families due to their low income or political and
...show more content...
Even in developed country like The United States of America food security is a major problem. In the article "Association of Household and
Community Characteristics with Adult and Child Food Insecurity among Mexican–Origin Households in Colonias along the Texas–Mexico Border"
author Sharkey et.al supports that over population of Mexicans, living in colonies along the Texas – Mexico border causes food insecurity. Because of
the Overpopulation on the texas–mexico border there is low availability of healthy food, causing people to eat junk food which lacks of nutritional
value, and has high amount of sugar, fat, cholesterol. Food insecurity causes health issues such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and early mortality
among young single mothers. According to author Christine A. Stevens young single mothers are affected by food insecurity in two ways "first, the
stress of food insecurity can lead to compounding issues of depression for this mother, second, food choice." Factors that assist these problems are
socioeconomic status and the ability to obtain adequate nutrition. These young single mothers do not have enough money to give nutritional food to
their families. With limited money they do not have a choice for nutritional food and according to Stevens are forced to buy "inexpensive, high fat,
high carbohydrates food" (Stevens 163). In

Food Insecurity Essay
Food insecurity is a major issue in Canada, affecting millions people across the country especially minorities. In 2012, four million Canadians
experienced some form of food insecurity (Tarasuk, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014). This paper aims to focus on how food insecurity affects women and
children, and the costs associated with it. The results of food insecurity can be serious mental, and physical health problems for women and children. It
shall demonstrate the need for government intervention, job security, prices of food, and public policies to protect low income families. This topic
was chosen as it is an issue which often gets overlooked by many middle and upper class Canadians. Often times when people think of starvation, they
picture children in Sub–Saharan Africa. The reality is that women and children in Canadian communities are affected by food insecurity daily. Action
needs to be taken immediately in order for food insecurity to be fully eradicated, and justice to be achieved. A Background on Food Insecurity
According to the United Nations, food security is defined as "all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" ("Rome Declaration," 1996). Canada has adopted this
definition, although they monitor food insecurity per each household and analyze financial barriers causing the situation. Research has shown that
62.2% of households

Does Climate Change Affect Food Security?
food security is a state where all people in a country have enough access to safe nutritious food to have a sustainable lifestyle. there are three key
factors to have a successful food security which include food availability, food accessibility and the ability and resources to use food appropriately
and efficiently. all the farmers in the world produce more than enough food to meet the needs of everyone on earth. but there are some major risk
factors for the food security such as climate change, armed conflict and water scarcity. but how are these thing affecting our food security?
climate change causes global warming what means the rising carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere produced by human activities. because of this,
some places...show more content...
armed conflict is when there is a war between different countries or civil war between groups within a single country. this can cause a huge
widespread food shortage and even long lasting famines. it has the ability to affect the food security of millions of people. . even though armed
conflict usually relates to death because of shotguns and other man made weapons more people can actually die from the lack of food available.
several countries such as Africa have already experienced the devastating effects that armed conflict can have on the food security of the population.
water scarcity is the biggest threat to our food security. agriculture uses about 70 percent of all our freshwater from rivers every single year from
around the world. river water is used to irrigate farms and feed billions of people around the world. the level of threat to the ongoing supply of fresh
water available depends on the place. river systems and the water that the farmers capture store and distribute are the most threatened natural
environments on earth. an increasing demand for water is by far the most common threat to food security around the world. with so much water being
used it is easy to run out of the water what makes the crops die of dehydration.
there a lot more risk factors for food security around the world. it's scary how many risk factors there are for food security. hopefully there will soon be
a dramatic change so we don't

Essay about The Global Food Security Crisis
In 2008 the United Nations declared a global food security crisis, but what exactly is food security? According to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe,
and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" (FAO 2011). Based on the definition of food security,
food insecurity is then defined as "a situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal
growth and development, and an active and healthy life" (FAO 2011). Food security and hunger are interrelated, but while there are around 852...show
more content...
Because of the living and working conditions in rural areas, many rural people, especially young men and women, leave the area to try to make
better lives for themselves in cities. This group of people comprise the next group affected by the global food security crisis, the urban poor. Those
who leave often end up in low paying and dangerous jobs or not finding work at all. They end up living in slums and unable to leave hunger behind
them at the farms. According to the FAO in the year 2000 there were 2 billion people living in urban cities, and that number is expected to double by
the year 2030, meaning that the number or urban poor affected by the crisis is going to rise greatly (2011). One last group affected by the global food
security crisis are victims of catastrophes. Floods, droughts, earthquakes, and other natural disasters destroy large areas and cause people to flee their
homes and farms, leaving them without food. Victims of catastrophes are often not just facing food insecurity but outright famine. For those affected by
the global food security crisis, their right to food is not the only human right that is being violated. According to the UN, "human rights are
interdependent, indivisible, and interrelated" (righttofood.org 2011). This means that violating the right to food may impair the enjoyment of many
other human rights. Some examples of human rights that are violated are

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Food Security
Introduction This task will look at what food security is as well its importance to a country, how food security helps the country maintain a
sufficient amount of food for the country's population. I will briefly look at how the countries food security has changed over the years as well as
how it will most likely change due to different factors like global warming and the increase in the population of the country over the years.
Different grains and how they have been improved to adjust to the country's situation over the years as well as how these modification of these
grains has effected not only the country but the environment and the people of this country. The advantages and disadvantages of these
modifications to the grains will be discussed, ethical issues of these modifications will also be looked at and a decision on how all of these factors
may affect the country will be looked at. What is Food Security? Food security is a concept in which a country or province has a sufficient amount of
food that is both nutritious and comes at an affordable price. Food...show more content...
The effect these crops have on the environment is also a large issue, issues such as the ability to contain the crops to one area have also come up,
concerns such as having the GMO crops grow in different locations without the proper attention have risen. This cause people to ask questions such
as will the modified foods have a negative effect on crops that have not been genetically modified, will they not stun the growth of these plants as
well as if they may need a large amount of nutrients from the soil and therefore cause other plants to be unable to grow properly. These are all the
questions that have risen over the years, although the concept of GMO is a fairly new discover is the crop industry of South Africa, it has shown a
large impact on the country as well as the

INTRODUCTION
All over the world, one of the most complicated of the unsolved problems is how the world will feed itself. According to Abraham Maslow in his
theory of psychological needs postulated that food is the important basic need of man. When a man is satisfied with his needs for food he pursues
other needs of clothing and shelter. The Food security challenge for a growing population was an alarm raised by Thomas Robert Malthus in "An
Essay on the Principle of Population", to bring our consciousness to the topic of the food crisis in Nigeria.
When Malthus posed the challenge of feeding the world population, there were around 900 million, but now we have 7.2 billion people on the planet
and with the global population continuing to grow by around 75 million people per year, the challenge of feeding the planet is with us again and a
solution must be reached. With various scientific advances, many believed there was a breakthrough in "food productivity" and as such a permanent
solution to the problem of food crisis was found but unfortunately, the problem is unsolved.
Sadly, as there is no solution yet on the current food crisis experienced all over the world, many national governments are embarrassed and have
placed much effort in the process of yielding huge food production to feed the rapid, nationwide populations surge; providing raw materials to support
their development is also one of their effort towards a good and sustained economy for their countries.

Impact Of Climate Change On Food Security

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