Constitution comparison between india and USA

1. Q. Features of American
Constitution.
Outcome of the Revolution
Q. The American constitution
was an outcome of the
revolution. Discuss
GS Paper-II, Comparison of
constitutions

2. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Adopted in 1787 @ Philadelphia Convention
Came into force in 1789
1. Written Constitution
12 Pages
Preamble
7 Articles, 27 Amendments
Separation of Power
Judiciary, Executive,
Legislative

3. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
1. Written Constitution Separation of Power Judiciary, Executive,
Legislative

4. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
2. Federal Constitution
Division of Power
At Present,50 States( Initially
13)+ District Columbia= 51
Federal republic
Federal govt. State govt.
Each state has its own constitution,
Elected legislature, Governor & Court
System

5. Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Art 1 Legislative powers vested in
Congress
Art 2 Executive powers
vested in President
Art 3 Judicial powers
vested in Supreme court & in
such courts as congress
establishes
GS Paper-II, Comparison of
constitutions

6. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Check & Balances
Treaty has to be
confirmed
President( Executive)
I will help my BFF
Pakistan by giving
them $5bn aid
Senate Confirms the higher appointments made and international
treaties concluded by the president
The Senate ( Legislative)

7. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Check & Balances
Passes a Bill
President( Executive)
I will use my Veto
Power
President can veto the bills passed by the Congress ( Pocket/Qualified
veto)
The Congress( Legislative)

8. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Check & Balances
The Congress(Legislative)
Decides
Supreme Court
( Judiciary)
Congress determines the organization & appellate jurisdiction of the
judiciary

9. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Check & Balances
Supreme Court ( Judiciary)
Appoints Judges
President( Executive)
Senate Consent दो
President appoints judges with the consent of the senate

10. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
3. Separation of Powers
Check & Balances
Supreme Court ( Judiciary)
Will consider
Ultarvire
President( Executive)
आईला धोका
Supreme court can declare the congressional laws and presidential
orders as ultra vires Supremacy of Constitution & Judicial Review

11. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
4. Bill of Rights
1st constitution in the world to give
bill of rights
Added to the original constitution
through first ten (10) amendments
No person is to be deprived of life
Supreme court acts as protector
of these rights

12. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
5. Rigid Constitution
1. Amendment can be proposed by 2/3rd
votes of the both houses of the Congress
Need to be ratified by 3/4th (38/50) of states
within 7 years time frame
2. 2/3rd (34/50) of States petition to Congress for amendment
Congress calls for constitutional convention
In constitutional convention 3/4th (38/50) states should ratify
Way too hard to amend, therefore, only 27 amendments

13. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
6. Presidential form of Government
1. President Head of the State & Head
of the Government
Chief real executive
Elected for 4 years by electoral college
Cannot be removed by the Congress except for a grave
unconstitutional act
Governs with the help of Cabinet
Cabinet Advisory body & consists of non-elected departmental
secretaries

14. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
6. Presidential form of Government
Secretaries Selected & appointed by the President
They are responsible to the President & can be
removed by him anytime
The President+ Secretaries not responsible to the
Congress
The President is not the member of Congress nor can
attend its sessions
The President cannot dissolve the lower house( representatives) of
the congress.

15. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. Powers & Functions of the President
• President Enforce the constitution, law etc.
• Supreme commander of the armed forces
• Formulates foreign policy & conducts foreign affairs
• Can grant pardon, reprieve for offences against
federal laws
• Congress sends the bill to the president for approval
3 Options in front of president
1.Give assent
2.Reject bill & return to congress within 10 days. Congress passes bill
with 2/3rd majority president has to sign. “Qualified Veto”
3.Reserve bill Pocket veto

16. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. Powers & Functions of the President
• Can send messages to the Congress for legislation
• Can call special sessions of the congress for
consideration of urgent matters
• Prepares the National Budget & submits it to the
Congress for approval
• Can issue executive orders
• Can adjourn the Congress, when issue arises between the two
houses

17. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. Powers & Functions of the President Executive Office

18. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected?
Qualifications criteria
1. Only natural born citizen of the USA allowed to
contest
Minimum age 35 years
Term of office 4 years
Eligible for re-election yes, but for one time
re-election only.
Term generally begins on 20th January

19. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected?
Democrats Vs. Republicans
1. Understanding Parties

20. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected?
1. Understanding Process
2016 Presidential election will
be held on November 8, 2016
Spring Candidates announce
their intentions to run
2015
2016
2015
Summer Primary and caucus
debates take place
January to June States and
parties hold primaries and
caucuses

21. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
Spring Candidates announce their intentions to run
2015

22. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
January to June States and
parties hold primaries and
caucuses
2016 Inner Party Voting, Whom to
nominate from the party
Caucuses are private meetings run by
political parties
open primary
closed primary
Candidate must secure minimum
(50%) number of votes to get selected
as party nominee

23. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
July to early September
2016 Parties hold nominating conventions
to choose their candidates

24. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
July
2016
Democratic Party held nominating
convention to choose their candidates
A Democratic candidate
must receive 2,383 of the
estimated
4,765 delegates (50%) to
become the party’s nominee

25. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
July
2016 Republican Party held nominating
convention to choose their candidates
Republican candidate must
receive 1,237 of the estimated
2,472 delegates to win the
party’s nomination

26. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
July
2016 Presidential Candidates selected @ convention
The presidential candidate chooses a running mate the
presidential candidates campaign (vice presidential candidate)
Hillary Clinton- Tim Kaine (VP)
Mike Pence(VP) - Donald Trump

27. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process
September and October
2016 Candidates participate
in Presidential debates
General Election Campaigning

28. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System
20,November
2016 Election Dayक़यामत का ददन

29. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected?
2. Voting System
20,November
2016 Election Dayक़यामत का ददन
Q. Are these people voting for Trump or
Clinton directly?
No. they are voting for the members of
the electoral college.

30. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System
20,November
2016
The presidential
candidate and the party
will select “Electors” in
each and every state
These Electors will make a
Electoral College.(538)
Electors( members of the
electoral college) will be
directly elected by the
people
California
California

31. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System
20,November
2016
Electoral College
Strength same as the
Congress
538 + 3 votes of District
Columbia= 541
If Hillary has to win, then
270 electors has to win on
her behalf
California
California

32. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System
November
2016
Role of Big States
California, Texas, Illinois
etc.
If a candidates secures
50% votes from a state,
than the whole electoral
college is considered
winner
Eg. In California, Hillary
wins 27 seats, than all 55
will be given to Hillary
For target 270, focus on
big states & a candidate
is through

33. GS Paper-II, Comparison of
world constitutions
Q. Features of American Constitution
Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System
Inauguration Day
2017 January 20
President-elect and Vice-President-elect are sworn
in and take office