2. Executive Agencies 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Head positions appointed by the president Created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. The heads of these agencies can be removed at any time by the president.
3. Chief of Staff 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue His or her duties originally were placed in the hands of the President’s private secretary “ Second- Most Powerful Man or Woman in Washington” Highest ranking member of the Executive office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President.
4. Ad Hoc Structure 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Used for a while by President Clinton A way of organizing personal staff of the president Task forces, committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president
5. Gulf of Tonkin 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Passed August 7, 1964 and repealed by Congress in 1970 Joint Resolution, officially the Southeast Asia Resolution, Public Law 88-408 Gave US President LBJ authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia
6. Lame Duck 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Coined in 18th century at the London Stock Exchange, to refer to a broker who defaulted on his debts. Known to cause last minute, “midnight regulations,” and executive orders. Dating back to the Judiciary Act of 1801. The period between elections in November and the inauguration of officials early in the following year.
7. Executive Agreement 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Does not require Senate approval The Supreme court has held up their validity Agreements that are made by the president and other heads of countries; under international and U.S. law they are as binding as a treaty
8. Pyramid Structure 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Used by Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush, and later on Clinton A way of organizing personal staff of the president Most assistants report through a hierarchy to a chief of staff, who then deals directly with the president.
9. Representative 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue A president is meant to be a _______ for the people A person who advocates someone else’s policy or purpose A person who represents others
10. National Security Council 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Chaired by the President and largely free from congressional oversight. Amended in 1949 and placed the Council under the Executive Office of the President. President’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.
11. Circular Structure 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Used by President Carter. A way of organizing personal staff of the president Cabinet secretaries and assistants report directly to the president.
12. Perks 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue These are considered to be non-wage compensations that are added in addition to salaries. Fringe benefits of office that include limousines, expense accounts, free air travel, fancy offices, and staff assistants. The real term is “perquisites”
13. Commander in Chief 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Only one man has ever been “this” of the US armed forces without being president. Outranks any military officer and has the inherent right to assume command in battlefield. The president’s role in the US armed forces.
14. Delegate Model 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Founded by Edmund Burke, a British philosopher. An elected representative acts as a mouthpiece for the opinions of his or her constituents. A model of representative democracy.
15. Bureaucracy 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Social Security Administration, IRS, United States Postal Service. “ The Office” The combined organizational structure, procedures, and set of regulations in place to manage activity.
16. OMB 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Peter Orszag It is a cabinet level office and is the largest within the Executive Office of the United States. Stands for Office of Management and Budget
17. Secretaries 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Hilary Rodham Clinton Defense, state, and treasury. Manages budges, does bookkeeping, maintains websites, and makes travel arrangements.
18. Hatch Act 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Made it illegal for federal civil service employees to take an active part in political management or political campaigns. Passed by Congress in 1939. Senator Carl Hatch.
19. Iron Triangle 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Ralph Pulitzer, January 17 th 1919 Term used to describe the policy making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy and interest groups. Congress, interest groups, bureaucracy
20. Issue Network 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue “ This seeks to support the public interests, not private ones. A network of people in Washington-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, and in the mass media, who regularly discuss and advocate public policies. Talks about health care and auto safety regularly.
21. Line Item Veto 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Was granted to the President of the Confederate States when the Civil War broke out. This power is held mostly by the governors in the US. The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others.
22. Divided Government 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This results because of separation of powers in the U.S political system When Clinton was president, this was the form of government that took place A situation in which one party controls the white house and another controls one or both houses of congress
23. Cabinet 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Established in Article II, section 2 of the Constitution Are next in line for presidency if Secretary of State is killed Secretary of agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Education, heath and human services, Labor, Transportation, etc.
24. Unified Government 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue “ end of gridlock” This type of government allows for political parties to more easily accomplish their party objectives When the same party controls the presidency and congress
25. Veto Message 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue President Jackson wrote one regarding the Bank of the United States- July 10,1832 It accompanies a veto A document or message giving the reasons of the executive for rejecting a bill
26. Impeachment 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Article I, sections 2 and 3 Articles II, section 4 Andrew Johnson and William J. Clinton A process that is used to charge, try, and remove public officials for misconduct while in office
27. Impoundment 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Budget Reform Act of 1974 was put into play because of this Ex- Truman did not spend all the money congress gave to spend on armed forces. Johnson didn’t spend all that congress gave for highway construction The refusal of the president to spend money that has been appropriated by the U.S congress
28. War Powers Act 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush, Clinton and Bush the younger sent troops in foreign land without regard to this Passed by Congress over President Nixon’s veto Tried to place restrictions on the president’s ability to use military force
29. Legislative Veto 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Naturalization Service v. Chadha, declared this practice a violation of the separation of powers doctrine Authorized by the Reorganization Act of 1939 Refers to the repeal by Congress of Federal agency or presidential actions
30. Pocket Veto 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Article I, Section 7 President Coolidge committed this when he was presented with a bill from native tribes to claim loss of tribal lands- and he ignored it When the president fails to sign a bill within the 10 days
31. Electoral College 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue No Senator, Representative , or any person holding an office of trust under the U.S , can hold this position 538 Electors The real electors of the president
