1. DATABASE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Prepared by,
Mr. K.Vignesh Saravanan
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Ramco Institute of Technology
Rajapalayam
2. Centralized DBMS
– The application
program + user
interface + control of
DBMS (data server) in a
single machine
– Access through the
single machine – very
slow computations, lack
of concurrency
3. Two tier architecture
– Client-server architecture
– Client – machine used by end-user.
– Server – high end machine holds
software and hardware
– The application programs run on the
client side
– Client will send Query / request
transaction through ODBC / JDBC
4. Three tier architecture
– Client machine just acts as a front
end and does not contain any
direct database calls
– client end communicates with an
application server
– application server in turn
communicates with a database
system to access Data
– applications that run on the
World Wide Web
6. Database Users and Administrator
• Naive users are unsophisticated users
• who interact with the system by invoking
• one of the application programs
• Application programmers are computer
• Professionals who write application programs
• Sophisticated users interact with the system
• using tools such as data analysis software
• Database Administrator(DBA) - Schema
definition, modification, Grant/revoke access,
Maintenance.
7. Storage Manager
• Storage requires huge amount of data (largest database)
• Interface between internal Disk and application program and queries submitted
to the system
• Responsible for storing, retrieving and updating data in the database
• Authorization and integrity manager – checks integrity constraints and checks
the authority of users to access data.
• Transaction manager - ensures that the database remains in a
consistent(correctness) all the times.
• File manager - manages the allocation of space on disk storage and the data
structures used to represent information stored on disk.
• Memory(Buffer) manager - which is responsible for fetching data from disk
storage into main memory, and deciding what data to cache in main memory.
8. Disk Storage
• Storage manager interacts with several data structures at physical level (Disk
storage)
– Data files, which store the database itself.
– Data dictionary, which stores metadata about the structure of the database.
– Indices, which can provide fast access to data items. Like the index in this
textbook, a database index provides pointers to those data items that hold a
particular value.
9. Query Processor
• The query processor components include:
DDL interpreter - which interprets DDL statements and records the definitions in
the data dictionary.
DML compiler - which translates DML statements in a query language into an
evaluation plan consisting of low-level instructions that the query evaluation engine
understands.
Query evaluation engine, which executes low-level instructions generated by the
DML compiler.
10. Transaction Management
• A transaction is a collection of operations that handles
transaction in the database by ensuring the properties:
• Atomicity - all-or-none
• Consistency – correctness of data
• Durability – persistence (data should be present)
• Failure recovery – recover from system crash