Follow DBatu syllabus

1. Basic Human Rights
By Faculty PVPIT, Budhgaon
- Vasim J. Tamboli

2. Syllabus : UNIT - 1
• The Basic Concepts: - Individual, group, civil
society, state, equality, justice.
• Human Values, Human rights and Human
Duties: - Origin, Contribution of American bill
of rights
• French revolution. Declaration of
independence, Rights of citizen, Rights of
working and exploited people

3. The Basic Concepts
*Explain each term with suitable example in exam (as examples with
explanation given in lecture hall)
• What is Individual - for a particular person.
• Individual rights –
Individual rights are the rights needed by each individual to pursue their
lives and goals without interference from other individuals or the
government. The rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as stated
in the United States Declaration of Independence are typical examples of
individual rights.
• According to the Indian Constitution, there are six basic Fundamental
Rights of Indian Citizens, which are right to equality, right to freedom of
religion, cultural and educational rights, right to freedom, right to

4. The Basic Concepts
• What is Group - a number of people that are
located or gathered together.
• A group right is a right possessed by a group
qua(as being) group rather than by its
members severally. It contrasts with a right
held by an individual person as an individual.
An example of a commonly asserted group
right is the right of a nation or a people to be
self-determining.

5. The Basic Concepts
• Civil society - society considered as a community
of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity.
• The UN Human Rights Council has adopted
several resolutions of particular importance for
civil society, such as freedom of expression,
freedom of association and peaceful assembly,
intimidation and reprisals(धमकावणे आणण
प्रणिशोध), and human rights defenders.

6. The Basic Concepts
What is State rights :
• Right to create, modify or dissolve states is
solely vested in the hands of the Parliament of
India. Residuary powers are vested with the
Parliament of India. A provincial emergency is
declared by the Governor-General and the
Governor alone can make laws for the
province during this period.

7. The Basic Concepts
• Equality :
The Right to Equality is one of the Fundamental
Rights enshrined in the Constitution of India.
Article 14
The State shall not deny to any
person equality before the law
or the equal protection of the
laws within the territory of
India, on grounds of religion,
race, caste, gender or place of
birth

8. The Basic Concepts
• Justice :
Access to justice is one of the constitutionally
recognized human and fundamental rights. Access
to justice means to reach justice easily by legally
proceedings in appropriate time.
• Article 142 of the Constitution declares that any
order of the Supreme Court is enforceable
throughout the territory of India and article 144
mandates that all civil and judicial authorities
shall act in aid of the Supreme Court.

9. Human Values
• What is Human values -
Human values are the virtues that guide us to
take into account the human element when we
interact with other human beings. Human
values are, for example, respect, acceptance,
consideration, appreciation, listening, openness,
affection, empathy and love towards other
human beings.

10. Human rights
What is Human Rights ?
Human rights are standards that recognize and
protect the dignity of all human beings. Human
rights govern how individual human beings live
in society and with each other, as well as their
relationship with the State and the obligations
that the State have towards them.

11. Human rights

12. Constitution articles

13. Note about articles of constitution
• Each and every constitution is harder to
explain here.
• I have taken some articles (till 1 – 50 ) during
in lecture but removing these slides and
providing you a link given below for a
reference
https://www.clearias.com/constitution-of-india/
* You can refer other websites as well , which provides all articles of constituion

14. Human Duties
• Human Duties :
As the holders of human rights and fundamental
freedoms, all individuals, peoples, and
communities in the exercise of their rights and
freedoms, have the duty and responsibility
to respect those of others, and a duty to strive
for the promotion and observance thereof

15. Origin
• History
• Ancient – BC (before Christ)
• Medieval – A.D.(Anno Domini - in the year of
the Lord)
• Modern – After British

16. - The Word Human rights are not in BC.
- The kings of that time talks about the rights of
citizen, justice, liberty, freedom and try to introduce
and maintain human rights culture (सभ्यिा)
- Kings and people in his territories follows culture
- Urukagina was king of Lagash
- Sargon the Great, was the first
ruler of the Akkadian Empire
-

17. Arabic civilization

18. King of Britain – 15 June 1215

19. The League of Nations was an organization for international cooperation.
It was established on January 10, 1920, at the initiative of the victorious Allied powers
at the end of World War I
Allied powers - Great Britain, The United States, China, and the Soviet Union
central powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Allied powers - Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union ,
France and China
The UN (United Nations Organization) was founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51
countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly
relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
League of Nation is Vanished
10th Dec – 30 Rights(Civil & political)

20. Modern History
• 1966 - international convention on civil and
political rights (Economical ,Social , Cultural
rights)
• It is declared that all countries should stay on
same, but every nation take these rights on
their own way

21. Modern History
To Avoid Violation of HR

22. The Bill of Rights derives from the Magna Carta (1215),
the English Bill of Rights (1689)
By December 15, 1791,
three-fourths of the states
had ratified 10 of these, now
known as the “Bill of Rights.”

23. federalist and anti federalist
• The Federalists felt that this addition wasn't
necessary, because they believed that the
Constitution as it stood only limited the
government not the people. The Anti-
Federalists claimed the Constitution gave the
central government too much power, and
without a Bill of Rights the people would be at
risk of oppression(unjustified, unfair).

24. Top 10 Amendments
(occupation)

25. French revolution
• The term democracy and the term like left wing
and right wing are emerged after French
Revolution
• > In sixties various Kings are ruling in the world
• >For power and Empire they fought
• > Due to the war peasant class people are more
suffered
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLS7EFp68pk

26. social hierarchy in French revolution
the people who perform
religious ceremonies
the group of people who belong to
the highest social class and have
special titles
factor for social hierarchy
– Religion , doctrine of divine right of king and clergy declarations(Contractor),
Peasants traditional thoughts of attrempt crime in previous birth

27. Age of enlightenment (reasoning)- the great 'Age of Reason' – is defined
as the period of rigorous scientific, political and philosophical discourse that
characterized European society.
Rene discard philosopher and mathematician said “I think therefore I am”
Galileo , Newton and many more scientists oppose the traditional theory through
natural phenomena So justifying religion was more difficult at that time.
John Locke opposes theory of doctrine of divine right of king and said King /
power to govern should elected by citizen(original idea of Democracy)
- King should protect the natural rights of citizen. if king or government failed
to protect the citizen rights, citizen can overthrow the ruler one
other many Philosopher said about Liberty and freedom
These are the basic fundamentals on which French Revolution starts

28. What exactly happens
• Only peasants are paying taxes
• France is almost bankrupt due to the the Britain France
seven years war in 1756 to 1763
• Turgo Finance minister of that time. He thought that
government should not interference in farmers laws
• In 1774 he passes some new farm laws that benefits
grain merchants. Grain merchant can purchase the
grains from farmer and hold back the grain, so that the
price of a grain was increased gradually. Resulting
inflation increases.
• In April and May 1775, many riots are happened
namely " the flour war"

29. What exactly happens
• When new farmer or failed , Turgo justifies with
new taxation law in which nobility and clergies
have to pay taxes, For improving current financial
condition so Turgo was fired
• Interestingly 1776 was the year of independence
of America, the king of France Louis has
supported America to fight with the British
• The queen of Louis had an affair that time so that
divine King rule was demolished by the citizen

30. What exactly happens
• Due to inflation, famine, economic problem , unemployment, hate
towards kings
• Riots and civil war are taking places
• Due to this king arranges “Estate generals” which is government
body can help king to take decision on 5 may 1789. King has taken
this decision of arrangement due to financial advise are not taken
into consider by nobility and clergy
• Peasant ask for individual voting against nobility and clergy so they
form their own estate generals / gov. To do this they gather
together at tennis court and taken oath called “Tennis court Oath”
on 17 june 1789. This assembly called as “Declaration of national
assembly”
• They decided to form constitution for France based on Equality,
liberty, fraternity. After some times due to fear of over through king
and nobility and clergy has joined this assembly on 27 june 1789

31. What exactly happens
• Left wing and Right wing
• In newly formed assembly peasant/ supporter to
constitution seats at left to king and people who
supports monarchy seats at right of king
• Due to misunderstanding of kings armed action
on national assembly, many riots are happened
and they attacked on Bastille fort to collect arms
to fight. Unfortunately they release prisoners,
that day celebrates as “national day of France”

32. What exactly happens
• National assembly getting more power day by
day. On 9 july 1789 National assembly became
National constituent. On 26 aug 1789 they
made first draft of french constitution include
17 articles.
• 5 oct 1789 king signed on draft
• In 1791 election were held and monarchy is
abolished in 1792
• King and queen was punished by guillotine

33. Opposing countries for revolution

35. Constitutional monarchy to republic
Ruled for 3 years
National assembly , legislative assembly

36. Part of
committee of
public safety

37. Napoleon

38. assemblies, chambers having Power of making laws

39. Head of govm

40. France expansion

44. Right of
citizen
• Declaration of t
• he Rights of
• Man - 1789
•
Approved by the
• National Assembly
• of France,
• August 26, 1789
•

46. Rights of working and exploited people
• January 3 (16), 1918 the All-Russian Central
Executive Committee adopted the Declaration of
Rights of Working and Exploited People -
constitutional act of the Soviet Republic to
legislate the achievements of the October
revolution and proclaimed the basic principles
and objectives of the socialist state.
• The Declaration draft was written by V. I. Lenin.
The document was published January 4 (17),
1918

47. Rights of working and exploited people
• The Declaration consisted of four sections.
The first section defined policy framework of
the Soviet socialist state. Russia was
proclaimed a republic of Soviets, which owned
all the power in the center and locally. The
Soviet Republic was established on the basis
of a free union of free nations, as a federation
of Soviet national republics.

48. Rights of working and exploited people
• The third section established the basic
principles of foreign policy: the struggle for
peace, the abolition of secret treaties of
tsarist and Provisional governments, the
cancellation of foreign loans obtained by
them. It also approved the proclamation of
Finland's independence by the Soviet of
People's Commissars, declaration of freedom
of self-determination of Armenia.

49. Rights of working and exploited people
• The fourth section declared the removal of the
exploiting classes from participation in the
governing of the Soviet state, workers and
peasants of every nation were given the
opportunity to take an independent decision
about participation in the federal government
and other Soviet federal institutions. On Lenin's
proposal, the Declaration was fully incorporated
as the first section of the Constitution of the
RSFSR, adopted July 10, 1918 at the V All-Russian
Congress of Soviets.

50. Rights of working and exploited people
• The second section defined the major task of
the socialist state - the building of socialism;
declared was the abolition of private
ownership of land, the introduction of
workers' control, the nationalization of banks.
The compulsory labor conscription was
administered and the creation of the Red
Army proclaimed.

51. Rights of working and exploited people
In Indian constitution
• Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour
• Clause 1 of Article 23 prohibits the trafficking of human
beings, begar any similar form of forced labour. It also
states that any contravention of this provision is punishable
by the law. It explicitly prohibits:
• Human Trafficking: This refers to the sale and purchase of
human beings mostly for the purpose of sexual slavery,
forced prostitution or forced labour.
• Begar: This is a form of forced labour which refers to forcing
a person to work for no remuneration.

52. Rights of working and exploited people
• Other forms of forced labour: This includes
other forms of forced labour in which the
person works for a wage less than the
minimum wage. This includes bonded labour
wherein a person is forced to work to pay off
his debt for inadequate remuneration, prison
labour wherein prisoners sent in for rigorous
imprisonment are forced to work without
even minimum remuneration etc.

53. Rights of working and exploited people
• Prohibition of Child Labour: Article 24 of the
Indian Constitution forbids employment of
children below the age of 14 years in dangerous
jobs like factories and mines.
However, it did not prohibit their employment in
any harmless or innocent work.
• The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Act, 1986 (renamed as Child & Adolescent
Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 in
2016) specifically deals with the violations of
related to this right.

54. ALL THE VERY BEST FOR YOUR EXAM