1. TUESDAY, MARCH 4TH, 2020
Agenda for the Day:
1) We’re going to be finishing
our examination of the
Native Tribes of Washington;
2) We’re looking PNW explorers
as we continue chapter 2!
3) We’ll begin looking at the Fur
Trappers (time willing)!
Learning Target:
• Learn about the cultures and
traditions of the Native
Americans of the PNW.
• Determine which nation had
the strongest claim to the
Pacific Northwest.
1st 8:49—10:30
3rd 10:34—12:16
Lunch 12:16—12:46
5th 12:50—2:30
4. SIR FRANCIS DRAKE *Granted permission by
Queen Elizabeth I to be a
pirate against Spain.
*Between 1577-79, most
believed he only got as
North as San Francisco Bay
some think he reached
Puget Sound. *Called the
new found land Nova
Albion which means the
New Britain.
*Told to keep his
discoveries a secret, which
is why we don’t know much
5. JAMES COOK
*Three trips around the
world
*Discovered many
islands in the South
Pacific
*Discovered Hawaii and
named them the
Sandwich Islands
*Also, a noted
Astronomer and
6. JAMES COOK
*Sailed up to Alaska
and visited Nootka
Sound
*Traded with Natives
and discovered animal
furs
*Sailed back to Hawaii
and was killed there.
*His crew made it
home and people
learned about the furs
*George Vancouver
and John Ledyard
7. GEORGE VANCOUVER*First to extensively
map the Pacific
Northwest
*Discovered and
mapped the Puget
Sound
*Named over 70 places
(ie: Puget Sound, Mt.
Rainier, Mt. St. Helens,
etc.)
*Missed the Columbia
River
*Met with Spanish on
Vancouver Island to
9. *Extensive exploration of
the Americas.
*Were also active in the
Oregon Country
*Juan de Fuca?? May
have been the first, but
may be a fable
*Juan de la Bodega y
Quadra met with George
Vancouver at Nootka
Sound to settle to the
exploration conflict
*Island was named
Quadra and Vancouver
Island
SPANISH EXPLORERS
Juan de la Bodega y Quadra
10. *1741
*Made it as far as
Southern Alaska, along
the islands.
*Peter the Great claimed
he traveled well into
Oregon Country
*Died of scurvy on a
remote island in the
Aleutian Islands
VITUS BERING/RUSSIA
12. ROBERT GRAY
*American fur trader
*Took two different trips to the PNW; became
the first American to circumnavigate the
globe
*Discovered the Columbia River and Gray’s
Harbor
*Named the river after his ship, Columbia
Rediviva.
14. Wednesday, March 4th, 2020 1st 8:49—10:30
3rd 10:34—12:16
Lunch 12:16—12:46
5th 12:50—2:30
Agenda for the Day:
We’re looking at the fur trappers of Oregon as we finish chapter 2!
Learning Target: I can identify the key individuals and events that led to the
US claiming the Oregon Country.
18. Established in 1810.
Two groups of men were sent to
establish the fort, one by land, one by
sea. The land expedition discovered the
Oregon Trail.
First colony established in the Oregon
Country. This was important for
America’s claim to the land.
Astor “sold” colony during the War of
1812. It was then renamed Fort George.
21. A fur trapping company that
began in 1770 in Montreal. They
employed many French
Canadians.
Sent explorers out west to find
better travel routes and good
trapping grounds.
Purchased Ft. Astoria in 1812; re-
named it Ft. George.
Merged with the Hudson’s Bay
Company in 1821.
22.
23. British-Canadian Company
began in 1670.
Merged with the Nor’ West
Company in 1821.
In 1821 it entered the
Oregon Country became
the largest company in
the world.
The HB.C. still exists
today with a series of
subsidiaries like The Bay
and Shop-Rite.
25. John McLoughlin was
appointed as the Chief
Factor of the Hudson’s Bay
Company in the Oregon
Country in 1824.
McLoughlin selected the
location of Fort Vancouver
and oversaw its construction.
Fort Vancouver became the
capital of the Oregon
Territory until 1846 and
became the major political
and economic force of the
PNW.
26. *Had a great relationship with the
Natives and peace was kept in
the area.
*McLoughlin was told to do
everything he could to
discourage American settlers.
*He was too kind to turn the
settlers completely away, many
times he gave the settlers
supplies, money, and land.
*He decided to send the Americans
south of the Columbia River and
kept them away from the land
north.
27.
28. He was fired in 1850 and
retired to Oregon City.
29. Joseph Meek Jedediah Smith
Usually were
independent
and met a few
times a year
at rendezvous
to sell their
furs, socialize,
compete, and
get supplies.
30. The Oregon Treaty
(1846) officially
settled the conflict
over the Oregon
Country.
This agreement set
what is now the
border between the
United States and
Canada.
President
James K. Polk
1845-1849
Editor's Notes
Beginning well before 1600, the North American fur trade was the earliest global economic enterprise. Europeans and, later, Canadians and Americans, hunted and trapped beaver furs and sea otter pelts; but success mandated that traders cultivate and maintain dense trade and alliance networks with Native nations.
The population of the Oregon Territory consisted mainly of Native Americans. The Europeans first explored the territory from the sea. The region became known for its fur-trade and the British Hudson’s Bay Company dominated the market. Since the fur-trade that developed in the region was extremely lucrative, many countries wanted to claim the land for themselves. The territorial claims often caused conflicts between the European colonists and the United States. During the 1700’s, the two countries with the strongest claims to Oregon Country were England and the United States
Fur trader and real estate investor John Jacob Astor was one of the leading businessmen of his day and the founder of an American fur trade dynasty.
After the successful expedition of Lewis and Clark ended in 1806, Astor saw opportunity in the West. He bought property in Oregon where a fort was built in 1811 and a settlement named Astoria was planned. But he sold the outpost soon after because of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain.
With all the migration into his forts, Astor was like the kindergarten cop of his day.
John Astor was sort of the “Godfather” of Astoria
There are all kinds of stories of hostilities between early American colonists and the Native people who were already there. However, these hostilities did not occur with every European group who came. The French are a notable exception to this, and in fact, enjoyed excellent relations with the Natives almost from the very beginning.
Why were the French different? The main reason is that they did not try to change the Natives. They also did not compete with the Natives for land. When the French first came to the Americas in the 1530s and 1540s to engage in seasonal fur trading, they immediately established strong trading ties with the local Natives they found there. The Natives already dealt extensively in furs.
The French quickly discovered they could go back to France in the winter months with ships laden with furs they had purchased from the Natives with European wares, such as metal cooking pots, weapons, horses, and other goods not accessible to the Natives at that time.
Meek- Early life fur trapper. Explored Yellowstone. N.A. wife. Driving force behind Oregon becoming a U.S. territory. Served as U.S. Marshal.
Smith- Extensive exploration of the West. Survived 3 Indian massacres plus a bear attack. Accurate maps. Publicized South Pass.
In the late 1830s, trappers began to settle down on the land and more and more settlers and missionaries started to arrive to the territory. There was no organized government in those parts at the time. A group of settlers in the Willamette Valley discussed organizing a government in the region on their regular meetings and they created the Provisional Government of Oregon in 1841. In 1846 the Oregon Treaty was signed between the US and Britain to settle the boundary dispute. The British gained the land north of the 49th parallel, including the Vancouver Island and the United States received the territory south of the parallel. The treaty was signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818.
