smart village report

SMART VILLAGE
Dept of civil engg RIT, Hassan Page1
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
A rural area is a geographic area that is located outside cities and towns, while rural
areas are also known as 'village' in India. In these villages, agriculture is the chief source of
livelihood along with fishing, cottage industries, pottery, etc. According to the Erstwhile
Planning Commission of India, a settlement with a maximum population of 15,000 is
considered as “Village”. Much of India’s rural population lives in nucleated villages, which
most commonly have a settlement form described as shapeless agglomerate. India being a rural
dominated country, the smartness concept is not even thought about the rural areas.
Fig 1.1: Smart village
All areas which are not categorized as urban area are considered as rural area. Numbers
of rural units or villages in India are approx 6, 38,588. According to 2011 census, rural area has
population of 68.84%, whereas urban area has population of 31.16% only. In the Indian
context, villages are the heart of the nation. Hence, for the overall development of the country
the focused must be given to the grass root level, and that means the focus areas should be the
Indian village. There is a large scale migration of the people from rural areas to urban areas,
which has its own risk parameters on the urban areas, and still there are many villages in India
with heavy population. So the main aim to smarten the villages by offering basic facilities,
education, employment generation activities, technology etc. The vision of Mahatma Gandhi –

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“The best, quickest and most efficient way is to build up from the bottom. Every village has to
become a self-sufficient republic. This does not require brave resolutions. It requires brave,
corporate, intelligent work
It is growing fact that the rural population is suffering more consequences for livelihood
as compared to urban areas. The difficulties of livelihood may be forcing rural population to
migrate to the urban areas. The government has already recognized this issue and has put
serious efforts through various schemes for enhancing livelihood of rural masses. Presently,
rural development mainly focuses on poverty alleviation, better livelihood opportunities,
provision of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative programmes of self
employment.
The population residing in the rural area also needs the same quality of life as enjoyed
by people living in sub urban and urban areas. Better livelihood in rural area may reduce
disturbing effects of poverty, unemployment and inadequate infrastructure on urban centers
causing slums and consequential social and economic tensions

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CHAPTER-2
AIMS OF SMART VILLAGE
 To provide global to local needs
 To use the potential of IT maximize the benefits for the rural community
 Plans for development based on People, Assets and Service Centric information and tracks
its progress.
 Development of Empowerment.
 Increased yields due to improved agronomic technology.( Green Revolution )
 Maximizing the employment potential by providing the profiles of rural youth to the
potential employers
 Improving economic condition
 Provinding update information and data banks
Fig 2.1 Green Revolution
2.1 SMART VILLAGE AND ITS IMPORTANCE
The idea of smart village in the present day context seems more reasonable as there is a
limit of growth of cities which is leading to creation of urban jungles, where the population
ratio per km of land is way above the desired norms. To take baby steps initially would lead to
a campaign at National level once the fruits of this effort start bearing fruits, which surely
would be visible for all to see sooner than expected.

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Just like smart cities, a smart village should be interactive and multi-functional; there
should be active participation of people in various activities. A smart village is one which will
automatically link local production with local procurement and local distribution.
A smart village will also have power, knowledge, healthcare, technology, entrepreneurship and
internet connectivity. A smart village will not only bring Internet connection to the rural lands,
but will also provide support to sustainable agricultural practices.
A network of small scale industries linked to agriculture, and a strong network of rail
and road corridors with civic amenities such as education and health for all, including farmers,
will transform the face of real India.
The National Sample Survey 61st Round results show that among persons of age 15–29
years, only about 2% are reported to have received formal vocational training and another 8%
reported to have received non-formal vocation altraining indicating that very few young people
actually enter the world of work with any kind of formal vocation altraining. This proportion of
trained youth is one of the lowest in the world. The corresponding figures for industrialized
countries are much higher, varying between 60% and 96% of the youth in the age group of 20–
24 years.

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CHAPTER-3
NEED FOR SMART VILLAGES
The village communities are little republics, having nearly everything that they want
within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations . In the development
process, there will be many changes in the demand and supply of various needs, as rural
population will pass through the process of change. At present, one of the major challenges in
India is growing population and rapid urbanization. This urban growth to certain extent is
unavoidable, as the economic pursuits and aspirations of the population do change and evolve.
This needs to be reversed and suitably managed through a balance between rural and urban
quality of life.
The concept of “Smart Village” will address the multiple challenges faced for
sustainable development of rural India. A “Smart Village” will provide long-term social,
economic, and environmental welfare activity for village community, which will enable and
empower enhanced participation in local governance processes, promote entrepreneurship and
build more resilient communities. At the same time, a “Smart Village” will ensure proper
sanitation facility, good education, better infrastructure, clean drinking water, health facilities,
environment protection, resource use efficiency, waste management, renewable energy etc.
There is an urgent need for designing and developing “Smart Village”, which are independent
in providing the services and employment and yet well connected to the rest of the world.
Based on various programs undertaken taken by Central and state governments along with
further technological initiatives, the Smart Village can achieve SMART infrastructure, SMART
service delivery, SMART technology and innovation, SMART institutions along with optimal
mobilization and utilization of available resources, leading to faster and more inclusive growth.
A ‘Smart Village’ will encompass a sustainable and inclusive development of all sections of
the village community, so as they enjoy a high standard of living.
3.1 DEVELOPMENT
Many researchers believe that the existing technologies developed for the smart city
may be useful for the smart village concept. Researchers [6] reported that the Smart village
system can be developed on the lines of smart city model.

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The components taken in to consideration will vary from region to region for villages, based on
the available resources and It is clear that the situations and challenges in developing urban and
rural area are different due to the constraints and opportunities.
Following are some generalized guidelines for the development of Smart Villages
1. Economic Component: This component will include local administration and economic
factors. It will cover
governance models, bandwidth, mobility, cloud computing, entrepreneurship etc.
2. Environmental Component: This component will address the issues related to resources
and infrastructures available at local level. It may covers cleaner technologies, public and
alternative transportation, green spaces, smart growth, climate change etc.
3. Social Component: This component may address issues related to community life,
participatory democracy, social Innovation proximity services etc.
Fig 3.1:-cycle of development

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CHAPTER-4
GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR SMART
VILLAGES
ICT is a composite word having combination of many tools and technologies. Detailed
discussion on each and every tool and technology is out of scope in this paper. But, one of
promising technology like Geo informatics may be use full for villages, while transforming
rural villages towards smart village. Geo informatics technologies can play a very prominent
role in the deployment and implementation of ICT in the “Smart Village” in terms of decision
support systems. Available different spatial and non-spatial layers can be combined and
integrated to facilitate analysis and make the best decision [11]. Recent developments in GIS,
GPS, remote sensing, web-services and location-based services and technologies can support
innovative solutions for management, governance and citizen participation practices compliant
with Smart Village objectives. Geo-spatial data and Geographic Information System (GIS) are
essential components for building smart villages in a basic way that maps the physical world
into virtual environment. GIS-based planning and support systems allow planners and village
community to efficiently create and visualize alternative scenarios and determine their possible
impacts on future land use patterns and associated population with employment trends [12].
The future of India lies in converting each and every village into smart villages. The
concept of smart village will provide the similar kind of facilities to the villages, so that the
agrarian community will remain in villages and not migrate to urban areas. Future generations
will contribute immensely in development process and enjoy the traditional agriculture activity
with the use of modern technology. Following are some potential areas, where Smart Village
may create measurable and significant impact:-
 Organized Settlements: The village population is distributed in a staggered manner and they
are not well connected to the village roads.
 These may be re-distributed preserving proper zones for habitation, play ground, agriculture
land and areas to develop various infrastructures like bio- fuel generation centre, overhead
water tank ,etc.
 Smart Agriculture: In order to increase the quality and quantity of agricultural production is
using “Sensor” technology to make farms more “intelligent” and more connected through
the so-called “Precision agriculture” also known as ‘smart farming’.

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 Road Infrastructure: GIS analysis ensures all the houses in rural areas are well connected
through rural road.
 Smart water supply: There should be provision for water supply for agricultural, household
use and drinking. This may facilitate effective and judicial utilization of the surface and
ground water resources.
 Smart sanitization: Smart equipments may be adopted in rural areas to facilitate disease free
villages.
 Education: GIS analysis may be carried out to find suitable locations to establish state-of-
the art education hubs for the villages.
 Virtual classroom facility may be provided to use the benefit of available experts at other
locations.
 Disaster management (DM): Villagers are easily affected by disasters due to lack of
preparedness. DM cells may be set up at the panchayat level to address all the disaster
related issues. DM cell will connect to the National Disaster
 Management Authority (NDMA) through the central server for monitoring the future
scenarios
4.1 GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA
Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields
due to improved agronomic technology. It allowed developing countries, like India, to
overcome chronic food defects. The "revolution" began in the 1960s, but it's confirmed that it
began in 1953(actually in 1950 with men like McIlroy, Kaven, AK Smith Jr. in Uttar Pradesh)
through the introduction of high-yield crop varieties and application of modern agricultural
techniques. It led to an increase in food production in India, especially in Punjab, Haryana and
Uttar Pradesh during the early phase. The main development was higher-yielding varieties of
wheat, which were developed by many scientists, including American agronomist Dr. Norman
Borlaug, Indian geneticist M. S. Swaminathan, and others. The Indian Agricultural Research
Institute also claims credit for enabling the Green Revolution, in part by developing rust
resistant strains of wheat.

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Fig4.1:-Green Revolution
Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields
due to improved agronomic technology. The methods adopted included the use of high-
yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds with modern farming methods. The production of wheat has
produced the best results in fueling self-sufficiency of India. Along with high-yielding seeds
and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers mobilised the idea of agricultural revolution.
Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers there were negative effects on the
soil and the land such as land degradation.

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CHAPTER-5
EMPOWERMENT
Empowerment refers to measures designed to increase the degree of autonomy and self
determination in people and in communities in order to enable them to represent their interests
in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority. Empowerment refers
both to the process of self-empowerment and to professional support of people, which enables
them to overcome their sense of powerlessness and lack of influence, and to recognise and
eventually to use their resources and chances.
Fig 5.1:-Empowerment
The term empowerment is also used for an accomplished state of self-responsibility and
self determination. The term empowerment originates from American community psychology
and is associated with the social scientist Julian Rappaport (1981).In social work,
empowerment forms a practical approach of resource-oriented intervention. In the field of
citizenship education and democratic education, empowerment is seen as a tool to increase the
responsibility of the citizen. Empowerment is a key concept in the discourse on promoting
civic engagement. Empowerment as a concept, which is characterized by a move away from a
deficitoriented towards a more strength-oriented perception, can increasingly be found in
management concepts, as well as in the areas of continuing education and self-help.

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CHAPTER-6
THE IDEA OF SMART VILLAGES
A large percentage of our population lives in cities. Hence, the researchers as well as
the governments concentrate their efforts towards the development of smart cities which are
self-sustainable and technologically advanced. These cities
 SMART BUILDINGS
The homes and buildings can be made smart by the use of sensors and cameras. These
will produce real-time data which can be analyzed to take necessary actions. For example,
sensors installed in a home can detect smoke and hence start the water sprinklers automatically
to combat the fire. Similarly, the sensors can monitor the usage of electricity in the home or
building and switch the lights off when not in use. Efficient energy management is the key
need in villages where the electricity is not available all of the time. The security of the
building can be monitored using cameras and appropriate alerts can be generated in case of any
anomalies. The water levels and pressure can be measured in the water tanks and pipes and
used to refill the tanks when necessary as well as detect any faults in the pipes.
 SMART WEATHER AND IRRIGATION
Accurate weather information can be of great use to the people of the village. As we
know, the majority of population in villages engages in agriculture for their living. The use of
environmental sensors to predict weather forecasts can help the farmers to a large extent. Many
farming activities like sowing, irrigation and harvesting depend on the weather. Smart
irrigation systems can make use of sensors in the fields and remote satellite data to ensure the
optimal use of available water resources. If it is going to rain the next day, then watering the
fields on that day makes no sense. All this information can be made available to the farmers
through message alerts on their mobile phones. The level of water in the dams and canals can
also be monitored using sensors and it can be used to predict the future need of water.
 SMART FARMING
As Agriculture is the backbone of all villages, the farmers need to benefit the most from
the system of IT and Smart villages. There needs to be the tracking of the farm produce from
the farm to the table. The whole chain of activities can be monitored and improved using data
from sensors and other sources. The people involved in the process are the growers, processors

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and packers, storage and transport service providers, distributors, wholesalers and retailers [5].
Sensors deployed in the fields can help the farmers with information regarding selecting the
crop to sow, yield prediction of crops based on the type of soil or climate, watering
requirements using smart drip-based irrigation systems, application of fertilizers according to
the nutrient content of the soil etc. The crop diseases and pesticides can also be predicted using
data from sensors and crop leaf pictures taken by remote satellites. The farmers can get up-to-
date information on their mobile phones. In case of emergencies, alert systems can be activated
and provide immediate actions. For example, consider the case of wheat crop which is ready to
harvest, a small spark can set the whole field ablaze and cause huge losses to the farmers.
Environmental sensors can detect smoke on the onset of fire and start the water sprinklers
immediately to control the fire and avoid extreme loss. Likewise, sensors can detect the
ripening of the vegetables and fruits and alert the transport service providers to avoid any
delays. Thereafter, suitable arrangements can be made in the market to sell the produce.
 SMART DAIRY
The secondary occupation of a large number of farmers is rearing cattle for dairy
products. The use of sensors and cameras in the barn or shelter can help the farmers in better
management of their work. Any changes can be reported instantly through alert messages and
required measures can be taken. Favorable temperature for the cattle can be maintained using
smart devices. The food, water and health necessities of the cattle can also be monitored in a
similar fashion. Grazing the cattle in the open fields is a risky thing if there is no one to
supervise it. The use of sensors in the fields can eliminate the job of supervision by a human
and it can be done remotely by the farmers
 SMART HEALTHCARE
Smart health services are needed to improve the quality of life in the villages. The
village dispensaries and hospitals need advanced devices which are connected to each other
and the doctors. The beds in hospital can be embedded with sensors which can detect various
changes in the patient including its movements, heartbeat, blood flow from the wounds and
body temperature etc. These reports along with the data generated by various machines like X-
rays, CT scans etc. can be sent to the doctor directly. Such services will upgrade the health care
sector of the villages

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 SMART SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Security is a major concern in villages as there is lesser number of lights, police stations
are far off and the villages are located away from the main cities. Due to these factors, the
smart surveillance systemsare needed in villages. These will work on the basis of the data
generated by sensors and cameras along with emergency buttons located in different parts of
the village. In case of a theft or robbery, the nearest emergency button can be pressed and it
will send an alert to the nearest police station. The data generated by the cameras can be used
to locate the thief thereafter. The data can also be analyzed to avoid such incidents in the future.
Table 6.1:Areal of Interest in smart villages
 SMART EDUCATION
Education is the basic means to implement all the advancements in life. Educating
people about the use of new technologies facilitates better implementation. It can be the force
behind reducing the digital-divide which is far more prevalent in villages than the cities. The
whole idea of Smart villages revolves around its people and how efficiently they make use of
the components of a Smart village. They can be educated to participate in each and every
activity of the village leading to a better lifestyle for its people.

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Dealing with children and teenagers becomes easier when we educate them in an interesting
way. Video games and lectures fascinate most of the children and can help them learn in an
interactive manner rather than reading the text-books in the classrooms. Internet of Things
(IoT) brings together different technologies like Internet, Mobile and smart devices and hence
assists in the learning process. The use of LCD screens and interactive videos can foster the
learning in children and even adults. These can be used to educate them to use the facilities
provided in the Smart villages in the best way. The village schools can be equipped with
Internet and other devices and learning can be made a fun activity turning the schools into
Smart schools
6.1 SMART VILLAGE FOCUSES ON:
 Health.
 Education.
 Energy.
 Environment.
 Public safety.
 Entrepreneurship.
 Public services.
 Sustainability People.
i. HEALTH
As defined by World Health Organization(WHO), it is a "State of complete physical,
mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is a
dynamic condition resulting from a body's constant adjustment and adaptation in response to
stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner equilibrium called
homeostasis.
ii. EDUCATION
The wealth of knowledge acquired by an individual after studying particular subject
matters or experiencing life lessons that provide an understanding of something. Education
requires instruction of some sort from an individual or composed literature. The most common
forms of education result from years of schooling that incorporates studies of a variety of
subjects.

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iii. ENERGY
Measure of the ability of a body or system to do work or produce a change expressed
usually in joules or kilowatt hours (kWh). No activity is possible without energy and its total
amount in the universe is fixed. In other words, it cannot be created or destroyed butcan only
be changed from one type to another.
The two basic types of energy are:
(1) Potential: energy associated with the nature, position, or state (such as chemical energy,
electrical energy, nuclear ene
(2) Kinetic: energy associated with motion(such as a moving car or a spinning wheel).
iv. ENVIRONMENT
The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and
other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as ofdanger
and damage. See also environmental fctors.
v. PUBLIC SAFETY
A department which has the primary goal of protecting the public and keeping them
safe. Countries can have a public safety department as part of the government, as can states or
even local governments. Colleges and other large organizations can also have public safety
divisions. In many cases, a public safety division is comprised of individuals from many other
organizations, including police, EMS, and public transportation officials
vi. ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along
with any of its risks in order to make a profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is
the starting of new businesses. In economics, entrepreneurship combined with land, labor,
natural resources and capital can produce profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by
innovation and risk taking ,and is an essential part of a nation'sability to succeed in an ever
changing and increasingly competitive global market place.
vii. PUBLIC SERVICES
1. Service provided or supported by a government or its agencies.

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2. Agency involved in providing public service for or on behalf of a government.
viii. SUSTAINABILITY PEOPLE
1. GENERAL:
(1) Ability to corroborate or substantiate a statement.
(2) Ability to maintain or support an activity or process over the long term.
2.ECONOMICS:
Continued development orgrowth, without significant deterioration of the environment
and depletion of natural resources on which human well-being depends. This definition
measures income as flow of goods and services that an economy can generate indefinitely
without reducing its natural productive capacity. See also sustainable development

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CHAPTER-7
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
A large number of industries have been established in the post-independence India in
private, public and joint sectors. There are a lot of industrial resources and raw materials
available in India. Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Renukoot, etc., emerged as
major centers’ during the first one and a half decades of independence. However, later on,
industrialization at medium and small scale was taken up in all the states. The main sectors of
indus-trialisation today are electronics, transport and telecommunication.
Compared to advanced countries, there is very little industrialis-ation in India. About 10
percent of the total workers are employed in the organized industrial sector. Both private and
public sectors have grown side by side since independence. In 1948, it was decided to reserve
right of control with the state over coal, steel, aviation, petroleum industries, etc. All other
industries were open to private enterprises. In 1956, a resolution was passed under which
private capital was allowed to enter into the reserved sectors of industry. A number of top-
ranking industrialists were members of the Central Advisory Council and Development
Council. The state enterprises and public sector undertakings ran into heavy losses, and this put
a question mark on the capabilities of the Indian State and its approaches in managing its own
establishment. A debate started on private-public sector partnership and divide. The debated
tilted in favour of the private sector. Many of the government enterprises were handed over to
private entrepreneurs and industrialists.
Privatisation has entered in a selected way in offices and transport sector, including
roads, railways and airways. ‘Contractualism’ is the new slogan today. Large-scale industries
started in the first fifteen years of planning in India. Rate of industrial growth was fluctuating
between 2 to 12per cent. However, we have observed a steady industrial progress after 1967.
The enduring factors which have contributed to the growth are vast natural resources, economic
surplus, large labour force, high urban concentration, concentration of surplus within a small
social group, availability of trained personnel, a stable political structure, powerful means of
state economic control, etc. Currently, the growth rate is around 8 per cent. Today, India is one
of the top developing countries compared to the countries of Africa and South America.

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7.1 GOVERNMENTPROGRAMS FOR SMART VILLAGE
In maiden independence day speech, Prime Minister Modi took the opportunity to
announce the Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojna (Parliamentarian's Model Village Scheme), under
the new scheme, each parliamentarian is mandated to adopt three rural villages and ensure that
these village are transformed in to "Smart Villages" by 2019. Villages will be backed up by the
provision of basic amenities that are often only available in urban areas and a social security
system. This new drive will provide more opportunities to report on exciting developments,
undertake fruitful collaboration with other partners and disseminate impactful findings that can
benefit off-grid communities far beyond India.
7.2MAJOR PROGRAMS IN AGRICULTURE
 National Agricultural Development Program
 Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program
 Fertilizer Subsidy
 Bank loans, Free Electricity
7.3MAJOR PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT
 Public Distribution System
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
 National Food Security Bill
7.4 MAJOR PROGRAMS & PARTNERSHIPSTO IMPROVE
NUTRITIONSECURITY
 Mid Day Meal Scheme Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
 Annapurna Scheme (Ministry of Rural Development) for senior citizens
 The Nutritional Program for Adolescent Girls
 Emergency feeding program (in eight districts in Orissa)

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7.5 MODELVILLAGE: PUNARI VILLAGE, GUJARAT
This is a village in Gujarat region, nearby Gandhinagar. Punsari has been dubbed a
"model village" by the state government and its young headman, Himanshu Patel, proudly
states that his village offers "the amenities of a city but the Spirit of a village”.
7.6 ABOUT THE VILLAGE
 Every house has a toilet, two primary schools and healthcare
 Street lights and drainage system
 Enabled with CCTV camera and Wifi
 Public Address system with 140 loudspeakers
 which cover entire village
 No school Dropouts
 Mid day meal schemes in schools
 Offers computer classes
7.7 PM MODIBRINGS SMART VILLAGES TO INDIA:
His speech stressed the importance of undertaking similar efforts in rural India. Under
the new scheme, each Parliamentarian is mandated to adopt three rural villages and ensure that
these villages are transformed into ‘Smart Villages’ by 2019.
A detailed blueprint of the programme published by the Rural Development Ministry
presents a holistic vision of development in which model villages are connected to the internet
and where all households have access to clean water, sanitation and low-carbon energy. Plans
suggest that each Parliamentarian will consult with villagers to ascertain where the village’s
particular economic strengths are and what skills and investment are required to build on these
strengths. Furthermore, model villages will be backed up by the provision of basic amenities
that

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CHAPTER-8
CASE STUDY
8.1 SMART VILLAGE A CASE STUDY OF KOLAVADA VILLAGE
Smart villages will serve as complementary engines of economic growth to smart cities
producing goods and services for local rural markets as well as high-value added agricultural
and rural industry products for both national and international markets. And they will act as
stewards for the environment as well as, in some cases, functioning as ecotourism hubs. Key
enablers of these development benefits in smart villages are sustainable electricity supplies and
the availability of clean and efficient appliances for cooking.
About 70% of India’s population, or 750 million, live in its 600,000 villages. The
average village has 200-250 households, and occupies an area of 5 sq. km. Most of this is
farmland, and it is typical to find all the houses in one or two clusters. Villages are thus spaced
2-3 km apart, and spread out in all directions from the market towns. The market centers are
typically spaced 30-40 km apart. Each such Centre serves a catchment of around 250-300
villages in a radius of about 20 km. As the population and the economy grow, several large
villages are continually morphing into towns and market centers. Around 65% of the State's
population is living in rural areas. People in rural areas should have the same quality of life as
is enjoyed by people living in sub urban and urban areas. Further there are cascading effects of
poverty, unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas on urban centers
causing slums and consequential social and economic tensions manifesting in economic
deprivation and urban poverty.
8.2 LOCATION
Kolavada is a Village in Gandhinagar Taluka in Gandhinagar District of Gujarat State,
India. It is located 3.7 KM towards East from District headquarters Gandhinagar. Urban areas
around Kolavada village are Sonipur, Sardhav and Rupal, Moti Adaraj. Nearest town from
Kolavda village is Sonipur and it is 2.4 km away from Kolavada. The village is known for its
communal harmony. Kolavada village is situated on 23.2711934 latitude and 72.6121294
longitudes. Nearest town from Kolavada village is Sonipur and it is 2.4 km away from
Kolavada. Kolavada Village is situated at Gandhinagar Taluka in Gandhiagar District of

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Gujarat State, India. Kolavada is the village of the Gandhinagar and near to be connected
Sonipur, It is located 2.4 km west of the city Gandhinagar, Sardhav, and Rupal are the
neighbour villages of Kolavada.
Fig8.1:-Loaction And Layout Study Area
8.3DATACOLLECTION
1. PRIMARY SURVEY DETAILS:-
Primary survey is done in order to collect the basic information about various facilities
available in the village. In this survey data is collected by various means like survey, by
interviewing people, school teachers, shop keepers, and other public. Accuracy of this data is
not sufficient means that data based on primary survey is not reliable or very accurate.
Variances in the data happened due to different views of people. We checked the infrastructure
condition of different buildings like school, gram-panchyat, p, banks, etc. And also check the
condition of various basic amenities like water supply, drainage, electricity, solid waste
management, railway station, bus station, hospitals, PHC, etc.

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2. SECONDARY SURVEY DETAILS
Secondary survey includes data collection from various government offices like gram
panchyat. We collect the data related total population of the Kolavada village , male female
ratio literacy rate of village , growth rate , number of schools, various government schemes
running for village development, area of Village, Lighting facilities Sawchtta, Sanitation
Facilities water supply source for drinking etc.
 DRINKING WATER:-
Pure drinking water is supplied through underground pipes in easy way from Narmda River to
the elevated storage tanks (fig 2) and from tank it is supplied to the village. As per standard
data of NBC code, 100 liters of water is required for per person per day in village area. Total
1712200 liters of water is needed for whole village per day. This is sufficient for the whole
village.
Fig 8.2:-Elevated storage tank(1 lakhliteres)
 ROAD NATWORK:-
A good approach road to reach Kolavada village is available in bed condition. Streets
are in Not acceptable condition in village .Internal streets are in fair weather condition and not
suitable in all weathers like monsoon. Quality of internal streets is needed to be improving.

SMART VILLAGE
Fig8.3 Approach Road
 BUS STATION:-
A Bus-station is available in Kolavada village near bazar area. Infrastructural condition
of bus-stand is very poor accordingly to the village population and it need to be improve.
Fig8.4 Bus station

SMART VILLAGE
CHAPTER -9
INFERENCE
Smart Villages are very much needed for development of both rural and urban areas for
better livelihood and technology will offer effective solution. The technological support already
exists at the urban side and there is a tremendous pressure on urban landscapes due to
migration of rural people for livelihood. Smart Villages will not only reduce this migration but
also irrigate the population flow from urban to rural area as well. Taking education, skill for
vocations etc to villages can well channelize the energies of the youth as a powerful tool for the
nation. An educated rural youth will be an asset to the country and even if he shifts to a city he
shall prove to be an asset rather than a burden as is happening now and at most the overall
development of the country can be possible with the development of the villages only.

smart village report

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