Based on weld joint

1. Weld Joint Preparation
(ISO 9692)

2. Edge Preparation - Need
Poor penetration
Poor strength
Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)

3. Edge Preparation
Factors which influence choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost

4. Basic Joint Types
butt
tee
lap
corner
edge

5. Basic Weld Types
Groove welds
Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld

6. Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Square Groove weld V Groove weld
U Groove weld
Bevel Groove weld
J Groove weld

7. Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Double V Groove weld
Double U Groove weld
Double Bevel Groove weld
Double J Groove weld

8. Applicable Welds for Tee joint

9. Applicable Welds for Lap joint
Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld
Fillet weld

10. Applicable Welds for Corner Joint

11. Applicable Welds for Edge Joint
Edge weld

12. Butt joint
Square Groove weld
Root gap

13. Butt joint
Single V Groove weld
Groove angle α
Root face
Root gap

14. Weld Reinforcement
Correct
reinforcement
Minimum cost
Good joint
strength
Excess
reinforcement
High cost
Poor joint strength
Under
reinforcement
Poor joint strength

15. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
Weld from face side
Back gouging
Back weld

16. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
Backing weld
Back gouging

17. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
(welding from one side)
TIG / SMAW
welding
Consumable
guide

18. Butt Joint – Double V groove
Less weld metal
Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm
Double V groove
Single V groove

19. Butt Joint – U groove
Good access at the root
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
Groove angle
Root face
Root gap
Root radius

20. Butt Joint – Bevel groove
Double bevel groove
Single bevel groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50°
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects
Back gouging to
remove root defects
Good weld quality

21. Butt Joint – J groove
Good access at the root
Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm

22. Tee Joint – Full strength joint
leg
leg throat
throat = 0.707 x leg
leg = 1.414 x throat
In a full strength
joint, leg = 0.75 x
thickness

23. Tee Joint – Full penetration joint
leg = throat leg = throat
45° or 60°

24. Tee Joint
Theoretical throat
Actual throat
AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm –
to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap

25. Lap Joint
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
overlap

26. Welding Position – Groove
1 G
2 G
3 G
4 G

27. Welding Position – Groove
1 G 2 G
5 G 6 G
45°

28. Welding Position – Fillet
1F
2F
3F
4F

29. Welding Position – Fillet
1F
2F
5F

30. Welding Positions – Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 80° to 150°
210° to 280°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 80°
280° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 80° to 280°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°

31. Welding Positions – Fillet
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 125° to 150°
210° to 235°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 125°
235° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 125° to 235°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°

32. Joint preparation
According to ISO 9692
Welding and allied processes -Recommendations for joint preparation
Part 1: Manual metal-arc welding, gas shielded metal-arc welding, gas
welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels