Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Meaning of Inclusivity and Inclusive Education.pptx
Similar to Meaning of Inclusivity and Inclusive Education.pptx (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Meaning of Inclusivity and Inclusive Education.pptx
- 2. 1.1 Meaning of Inclusivity and Inclusive Education • The concept of “inclusive education” has been used in various contexts and to mean different things for different people. • In Namibia for example, the understanding of inclusive education has been limited to teaching of children with special needs in “normal” or mainstream settings. • In its wide context, inclusive education is an approach that focuses on the provision of education to all children, youths and adults with various special needs arising from various circumstances , and responses of communities and societies to those circumstances. MSN MBEELI
- 3. Meaning of Inclusivity continue... • Inclusive education is parallel to Education for All as quoted below: • “ Education for all must take account of the need of the poor and the most disadvantaged, remote rural dwellers and nomads, ethnic and linguistic minorities, children, young people and adults affected by conflict, HIV/AIDS, hunger and poor health and those with special learning needs” (UNESCO 2003:4). • For Bevan-Brown (2006), inclusion means that people from various backgrounds and diversity in terms of skin colour, gender, socio-economic status, religion, capability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, culture of physical appearance have the right to be treated with equality, respect and dignity and be regarded as valued members society. MSN MBEELI
- 5. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • Inclusion is also used in disability circles to convey the idea that all education systems should freely and without any excuses accommodate everyone without imposing restrictions/limitations of any kind. • Thus, inclusivity is not limited to ensuring that children and adults a like with disabilities attend any school or institution of their choice, • However, people of differing abilities should be given opportunities to participate in all activities of their choice and be accorded the support they need in order to achieve their goals and those of their communities. MSN MBEELI
- 8. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • In the 1960s, segregation was a common practice and during that time, charitable and religious organizations started to build schools and homes for children and adults with disabilities. • The quality of life of this persons was predominantly limited. • This prompted International human rights organizations to intervene. • Therefore, this has lead to a shift towards normalization with an emphasis on the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) concept. • The LRE implied that, to a maximum extent and as far as possible, people with disabilities should be educated in regular classrooms with their peers without disabilities and only be withdrawn for the purpose of receiving specialized services (Cushner et al, 1996) MSN MBEELI
- 9. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • Normalization meant “making available to all persons with mental retardation patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close to regular circumstances and ways of life of society” (Cushner et al, 1996). • This gave rise to Special Needs Education, which can be described as the education of persons with disabilities or impairments, with a focus on Possibilities and Abilities. • UNESCO (2005) View the concept of inclusion as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs for all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and communities and reducing exclusion within and from education. MSN MBEELI
- 10. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • It involves changes and modifications in content, approaches, structures and strategies, with a common vision which covers all children and a conviction that it is the responsibility of the regular system to educate all children. • Thus, inclusive education is an approach that looks into how to transform education systems and other learning environments in order to respond to the diversity of learners. • In elaboration of this definition, UNESCO(2005:14) identifies four cornerstones of inclusion as follow: MSN MBEELI
- 11. Meaning of Inclusivity continue... • 1. Inclusion should be a continues activity of finding improved ways of responding to diverse needs of learners. • 2. Efforts to reduce elements that may have negative impacts on learning should be a continues process. • 3. All learners should be given an opportunity to experience in the learning milieu • Inclusion targets learners who , for one reason or another may fall in a risk category. MSN MBEELI
- 12. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • Values and beliefs regarding inclusive education are as follow(According to Follows B, 2009): • Everyone has the right to education • All children can learn • Anyone can have difficulties in learning in certain areas or at certain times • Everyone needs their learning supported • The school, teacher, family and community have joint primary responsibilities for facilitating learning, not just the child MSN MBEELI
- 13. Meaning of Inclusivity continue.. • Differences should be valued, its normal and enriches society • Discriminatory attitudes and behaviours should be challenged • Teachers should be given an on-going support • Education begins at birth, in the home and does not stop with adulthood. • Inclusive education creates opportunities for the needs of all children to be addressed within a safe environment. MSN MBEELI
- 15. 1.2 Meaning of Special Needs Education • Education designed to facilitate the learning of individuals who, for a wide variety of reasons, require additional support and adaptive pedagogical methods in order to participate and meet learning objectives in an educational programme, (UNESCO:2011). • Reasons may include but not limited to disadvantages in physical, behavioural, intellectual, emotional and social capacities. • Educational programmes in special needs education may follow a similar curriculum as that offered in the parallel regular education system, however they take individuals particular needs into account by providing specific resources. MSN MBEELI
- 16. Meaning of Special Needs Education………… MSN MBEELI
- 17. Meaning of Special needs education continue... • Such special resources can include among others, trained personnel, equipment or space and if appropriate, modified educational content or learning objectives. • These programmes can be offered for individual students within already existing educational programmes, or be offered as a separate class in the same or separate educational institutions MSN MBEELI