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ISR 2531 
RESEARCH FOR 
EMPIRICAL 
STUDIES 
Traci Welch Moritz 
HM Public Services Librarian/Assistant Professor
Librarians and support 
staff 
Professor Baril 
Professor 
Donley 
Ms Kobiela 
Professor 
Moritz 
http://www-new.onu.edu/academics/heterick_memorial_library/staff
Research Guide
Topic to Research
Empirical Article -- 
Components 
 Abstract – A report of an empirical study includes an abstract that 
provides a very brief summary of the research. 
 Introduction – The introduction sets the research in a context, which 
provides a review of related research and develops the hypotheses for the 
research. 
 Method – The method section is a description of how the research was 
conducted, including who the participants were, the design of the study, 
what the participants did, and what measures were used. 
 Results – The results section describes the outcomes of the measures of 
the study. 
 Discussion – The discussion section contains the interpretations and 
implications of the study. 
 General Discussion – There may be more than one study in the 
report; in this case, there are usually separate Method and Results sections 
for each study followed by a general discussion that ties all the research 
together. 
 References – A references section contains information about the 
articles and books cited in the report.
Recognizing Empirical 
Research 
 Language 
 measurement 
 psychological aspects 
 reports 
 research statistics 
 usage 
 Length of Article 
 Empirical research articles are usually 
substantial (more than 1 or 2 pages) and 
include a bibliography or cited references 
section (usually at the end of the article).
Primary v. Secondary 
 Primary 
 Secondary 
 Secondary Sources analyze or 
interpret an historical event or artistic 
work. Secondary sources often base 
their theories and arguments on the 
direct evidence found in primary 
sources. A secondary work for a 
subject is one that discusses the 
subject but is written after the time 
contemporary with it. 
 In the humanities, a primary 
source could be defined as 
something that was created 
either during the time period 
being studied or afterward by 
individuals reflecting on their 
involvement in the events of 
that time. 
Primary Sources: Definitions. Lafayette College Libraries & Academic Information Resources. 
<http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/guides/primarysources/definitions.html> Accessed August 8, 2007. 
Secondary Sources defined. Ellen George. University of British Columbia Library 
http://toby.library.ubc.ca/webpage/webpage.cfm?id=579#footnotes1>.Access August 8, 2007
Scholarly vs Popular
Evaluate resources
SEARCH
What is included? 
 POLAR 
 Article-level searching for all EBSCO 
databases 
 Article-level searching for a variety of 
other databases: JSTOR, Hoover’s, 
AccessPharmacy, etc. 
 Title-level searching for most other 
databases: IEEE, CIAO, Proquest 
Nursing & Allied Health 
 OhioLink central catalog
Results: Full Text, Polar
Results: OhioLink
Results: Find It @ ONU
Results: ILL
Facets: Limit Your 
Results
Things to Remember 
 Facets are your Friend: After you 
search, limit your results to what 
you really want 
A tool not a solution: This is not 
the solution to everything 
 Ask the librarians for help 
 There will still be some small 
changes coming
Managing resources found 
 Heterick Memorial Library and Ohio Northern 
University provide access to RefWorks, a 
citation management and formatting software 
package. 
 For information on 
signing up or using 
see the “RefWorks” 
tab at the Research 
Guide.
Tools and Resources 
Catalogs – 
Usually for 
locating books 
Databases – 
Locating journal 
articles
Social Sciences 
Databases 
On Heterick 
Periodicals Page 
see: 
 Sociology 
 Criminal Justice 
 Gender Topics 
 Law (Lexis/Nexis 
Academic) 
 Multidisciplinary 
 EbscoHost 
databases 
Academic Search 
Complete 
Sociological 
Collection 
SocIndex with Full 
text 
 Social Sciences 
Citation Index (IS1)
Databases 
Types 
 “General” databases – 
searchable by subject, title, 
author, etc. 
Citation databases – as above 
but tells you who has cited a 
particular article - significance
Boolean Searching
General Database 
Scholarly journals, 
peer reviewed articles
General Database
Citation Database/Index
Citation Database/Index
Hints and Tips 
1. Always click on “peer 
reviewed” and/or 
“scholarly (peer 
reviewed) periodicals” 
link if available 
2. Try a search that 
combines the keyword 
"empirical" with 
keywords that 
represent your topic. 
Example: social work 
and empirical. 
3. Also try the keywords 
"research," 
"experiment," or 
"study" 
4. Some databases will 
allow you to limit your 
search to a particular 
type of publication or 
content. Use this 
feature to limit your 
search to only 
empirical or research-based 
articles or case 
study
Searching by Title 
A. American Sociological Review 
B. American Journal of Sociology 
C. American Political Science Review 
D. American Journal of Criminal Justice 
E. Psychological Bulletin
Searching specific titles 
A. American Sociological Review
Searching specific titles 
B. American Journal of Sociology
Searching specific titles 
C. American Political Science Review
Searching specific titles 
D. American Journal of Criminal Justice
Searching specific titles 
D. American Journal of Criminal Justice
Searching specific titles 
E. Psychological Bulletin
What’s next? Citing your 
resources 
ALA 
The Publication Manual of the American 
Psychological Association describes the rules 
used to write papers following APA style. This 
style is used in psychology, sociology, business, 
economics, nursing, social work, and criminology. 
MLA 
Modern Language Association documentation 
guidelines are often used in the humanities fields, 
including English, comparative literature, literary 
criticism, and foreign-languages. 
Turabian/Chicago 
Chicago style is a documentation style used in 
history and other humanities fields and uses 
footnotes or endnotes.
Plagiarism: don’t do it
Interlibrary Loan (ILL) 
 Use when you need a book or article 
that is not available online, not owned 
by ONU or available via OhioLINK 
 No charge/ limit on requests 
 Most requests take 5-7 days to fill 
 Use ILL form on library web pages.
1-2-1 Personal Research 
Consultations 
Need a little extra help with your research? 
Finding plenty of resources, but not exactly what you 
are looking for? 
Has it been suggested by instructor to meet with a 
librarian? 
An in-depth research consultation with the librarian 
of your choice is available by appointment. 
Sessions may run for 30-60 minutes and are 
designed to assist students with finding and 
evaluating resources 
Schedule an appointment by visiting 
http://libguides.onu.edu/aecontent.php?pid=199190&sid=2 
118629
Isr 2531

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Isr 2531

  • 1. ISR 2531 RESEARCH FOR EMPIRICAL STUDIES Traci Welch Moritz HM Public Services Librarian/Assistant Professor
  • 2. Librarians and support staff Professor Baril Professor Donley Ms Kobiela Professor Moritz http://www-new.onu.edu/academics/heterick_memorial_library/staff
  • 4.
  • 6. Empirical Article -- Components  Abstract – A report of an empirical study includes an abstract that provides a very brief summary of the research.  Introduction – The introduction sets the research in a context, which provides a review of related research and develops the hypotheses for the research.  Method – The method section is a description of how the research was conducted, including who the participants were, the design of the study, what the participants did, and what measures were used.  Results – The results section describes the outcomes of the measures of the study.  Discussion – The discussion section contains the interpretations and implications of the study.  General Discussion – There may be more than one study in the report; in this case, there are usually separate Method and Results sections for each study followed by a general discussion that ties all the research together.  References – A references section contains information about the articles and books cited in the report.
  • 7. Recognizing Empirical Research  Language  measurement  psychological aspects  reports  research statistics  usage  Length of Article  Empirical research articles are usually substantial (more than 1 or 2 pages) and include a bibliography or cited references section (usually at the end of the article).
  • 8. Primary v. Secondary  Primary  Secondary  Secondary Sources analyze or interpret an historical event or artistic work. Secondary sources often base their theories and arguments on the direct evidence found in primary sources. A secondary work for a subject is one that discusses the subject but is written after the time contemporary with it.  In the humanities, a primary source could be defined as something that was created either during the time period being studied or afterward by individuals reflecting on their involvement in the events of that time. Primary Sources: Definitions. Lafayette College Libraries & Academic Information Resources. <http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/guides/primarysources/definitions.html> Accessed August 8, 2007. Secondary Sources defined. Ellen George. University of British Columbia Library http://toby.library.ubc.ca/webpage/webpage.cfm?id=579#footnotes1>.Access August 8, 2007
  • 12. What is included?  POLAR  Article-level searching for all EBSCO databases  Article-level searching for a variety of other databases: JSTOR, Hoover’s, AccessPharmacy, etc.  Title-level searching for most other databases: IEEE, CIAO, Proquest Nursing & Allied Health  OhioLink central catalog
  • 18. Things to Remember  Facets are your Friend: After you search, limit your results to what you really want A tool not a solution: This is not the solution to everything  Ask the librarians for help  There will still be some small changes coming
  • 19. Managing resources found  Heterick Memorial Library and Ohio Northern University provide access to RefWorks, a citation management and formatting software package.  For information on signing up or using see the “RefWorks” tab at the Research Guide.
  • 20. Tools and Resources Catalogs – Usually for locating books Databases – Locating journal articles
  • 21. Social Sciences Databases On Heterick Periodicals Page see:  Sociology  Criminal Justice  Gender Topics  Law (Lexis/Nexis Academic)  Multidisciplinary  EbscoHost databases Academic Search Complete Sociological Collection SocIndex with Full text  Social Sciences Citation Index (IS1)
  • 22. Databases Types  “General” databases – searchable by subject, title, author, etc. Citation databases – as above but tells you who has cited a particular article - significance
  • 24. General Database Scholarly journals, peer reviewed articles
  • 28. Hints and Tips 1. Always click on “peer reviewed” and/or “scholarly (peer reviewed) periodicals” link if available 2. Try a search that combines the keyword "empirical" with keywords that represent your topic. Example: social work and empirical. 3. Also try the keywords "research," "experiment," or "study" 4. Some databases will allow you to limit your search to a particular type of publication or content. Use this feature to limit your search to only empirical or research-based articles or case study
  • 29. Searching by Title A. American Sociological Review B. American Journal of Sociology C. American Political Science Review D. American Journal of Criminal Justice E. Psychological Bulletin
  • 30. Searching specific titles A. American Sociological Review
  • 31. Searching specific titles B. American Journal of Sociology
  • 32. Searching specific titles C. American Political Science Review
  • 33. Searching specific titles D. American Journal of Criminal Justice
  • 34. Searching specific titles D. American Journal of Criminal Justice
  • 35. Searching specific titles E. Psychological Bulletin
  • 36. What’s next? Citing your resources ALA The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association describes the rules used to write papers following APA style. This style is used in psychology, sociology, business, economics, nursing, social work, and criminology. MLA Modern Language Association documentation guidelines are often used in the humanities fields, including English, comparative literature, literary criticism, and foreign-languages. Turabian/Chicago Chicago style is a documentation style used in history and other humanities fields and uses footnotes or endnotes.
  • 38. Interlibrary Loan (ILL)  Use when you need a book or article that is not available online, not owned by ONU or available via OhioLINK  No charge/ limit on requests  Most requests take 5-7 days to fill  Use ILL form on library web pages.
  • 39. 1-2-1 Personal Research Consultations Need a little extra help with your research? Finding plenty of resources, but not exactly what you are looking for? Has it been suggested by instructor to meet with a librarian? An in-depth research consultation with the librarian of your choice is available by appointment. Sessions may run for 30-60 minutes and are designed to assist students with finding and evaluating resources Schedule an appointment by visiting http://libguides.onu.edu/aecontent.php?pid=199190&sid=2 118629

Editor's Notes

  1. Come prepared We do not act as intermediaries between you and faculty, however, when you come to see us, let us know the assignment and the professor because we often are aware of assignments and can point you in the right direction. Let us know where you’ve been and what you’ve found