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Orientation To Pharmacology

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Tpetrici
EducationHealth & Medicine
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Medication Administration BY Thomas Petricini
Orientation to Pharmacology FOUR BASIC TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],.
FOUR BASIC TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FOUR BASIC TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FOUR BASIC TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FOUR BASIC TERMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE THERAPEUTIC OBJECTIVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTENSITY OF DRUG RESPONSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTENSITY OF DRUG RESPONSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTENSITY OF DRUG RESPONSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTENSITY OF DRUG RESPONSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collecting Baseline Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Identifying High-Risk Patients. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Identifying patients who are at high risk of reacting adversely . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE Planning / Implementation / Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE Planning / Implementation / Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE ,[object Object]
Drug Regulation ,[object Object],The origins of the Food and Drug Administration can be traced back to 1862, when President Lincoln appointed chemist Charles M. Wetherill to head the Chemical Division in the new U. S. Department of Agriculture. In the following decade Wetherill's successor as chief chemist of the USDA, Peter Collier, began working on the ubiquitous problem of food adulteration. Harvey W. Wiley replaced Collier in 1883, leading the division as it grew into the Bureau of Chemistry in 1901. The bureau was charged to enforce the first comprehensive federal statute of its kind, the Federal Food and Drugs Act, when that law was passed in 1906.
Drug Regulation Federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 1938 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation Harris-Kefauver Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1962. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation Harris-Kefauver Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1962. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation Controlled Substances Act ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of January 1983 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Regulation The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of January 1983 ,[object Object]
Drug Names Chemical Name ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Names Generic Name ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Names Trade Name ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Names Trade Name ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Classifications ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of Drug Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of Drug Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of Drug Information ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object]
Absorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Absorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Absorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Absorption Characteristics of Commonly Used Routes of Administration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Importance of Reading Labels ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DISTRIBUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Flow to Tissues   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Exiting the Vascular System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Entering Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],METABOLISM
Drug Metabolism Therapeutic Consequences of Drug Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Accelerated Renal Drug Excretion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Inactivation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Increased Therapeutic Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activation of Prodrugs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increased or Decreased Toxicity. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Considerations in Drug Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Considerations in Drug Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Considerations in Drug Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Considerations in Drug Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Considerations in Drug Metabolism ,[object Object]
EXCRETION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXCRETION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plasma Drug Levels ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plasma Concentrations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Therapeutic Range ,[object Object]
Single-Dose Time Course ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Half-Life ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plateau Drug Levels ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plateau Drug Levels ,[object Object]
Loading Doses Versus Maintenance Doses ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plateau Drug Levels ,[object Object]
Pharmacodynamics ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
The Four Primary Receptor Families ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Cell membrane-embedded enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cell membrane-embedded enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels ,[object Object],[object Object]
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems ,[object Object]
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems ,[object Object]
Transcription Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transcription Factors ,[object Object],[object Object]
Transcription Factors ,[object Object]
Transcription Factors ,[object Object]
Agonists, Antagonists, and Partial Agonists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Noncompetitive Versus Competitive Antagonists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Noncompetitive Versus Competitive Antagonists ,[object Object],[object Object]
Regulation of Receptor Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object]
EDso ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Therapeutic Index ,[object Object],[object Object]
Therapeutic Index ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DRUG RESPONSES THAT DO NOT INVOLVE RECEPTORS
[object Object]
Drug Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consequences of Drug-Drug Interaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intensification of Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increased Therapeutic Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increased Adverse Effects ,[object Object],[object Object]
Reduction of Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reduced Therapeutic Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reduced Adverse Effects ,[object Object],[object Object]
Creation of a Unique Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Mechanisms of Drug-Drug Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Direct Chemical or Physical Interaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetic Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Altered Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Competition for Protein Binding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Altered Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Altered Renal Excretion
Pharmacodynamic Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacodynamic Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interactions Resulting from Actions at Separate Sites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interactions Resulting from Actions at Separate Sites . ,[object Object]
Combined Toxicity
Minimizing Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DRUG-FOOD INTERACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DRUG-FOOD INTERACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DRUG-FOOD INTERACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DRUG-FOOD INTERACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact of Food on Drug Metabolism: The Grapefruit Juice Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact of Food on Drug Toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact of Food on Drug Action ,[object Object],[object Object]
Timing of Drug Administration with Respect to Meals
DRUG-HERB INTERACTIONS
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Physical Dependence ,[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Physical Dependence ,[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organ-Specific Toxicity
Hepatotoxic Drugs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Altered Cardiac Function
Identifying Adverse Drug Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ways to Minimize Adverse Drug Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitoring organ Toxicity ,[object Object]
Monitoring organ Toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MEDICATION ERRORS ,[object Object],[object Object]
MEDICATION ERRORS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Medication Errors
Causes of Medication Errors
Individual Variation in Drug Responses
WEIGHT AND COMPOSITION ,[object Object]
AGE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ,[object Object]
Kidney disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liver Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acid-Base Imbalance ,[object Object]
Altered Electrolyte Status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TOLERANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacodynamic Tolerance ,[object Object],[object Object]
Metabolic Tolerance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tachyphylaxis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Placebo Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VARIABILITY IN ABSORPTION ,[object Object]
Bioavailability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bioavailability ,[object Object]
GENETIC ,[object Object],[object Object]
GENDER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GENDER ,[object Object],[object Object]
RACE ,[object Object],[object Object]
FAILURE TO TAKE MEDICINE AS PRESCRIBED
DIET ,[object Object],[object Object]
 

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