Compartment specific micro rna expression profiles (poster) posterJackie Lau
This document describes a study investigating compartment-specific microRNA expression profiles in normal human colons and tumor counterparts. Tissue samples from normal colons were microdissected to enrich for different crypt compartments, including whole mucosa, top crypt, and basal crypt. High-throughput quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of 677 microRNAs across these samples. Statistical analysis identified microRNAs differentially expressed between compartments that are involved in intestinal epithelial development. Five candidate microRNAs were selected for further validation using individual quantitative PCR on formalin-fixed samples from 42 normal-tumor pairs and 16 top-basal crypt pairs from normal tissue. The aim is to identify microRNA markers that define colonic stem cell niches and
- Physiologic concentrations of resistin and IL-6 were found to stimulate melanoma cell proliferation, with resistin and high-dose IL-6 increasing cell numbers compared to controls.
- Macrophages were shown to significantly increase melanoma cell migration in co-culture experiments, while individual cytokines had no effect on migration.
- Previous research from the authors' lab revealed that the adipokine leptin promotes melanoma tumor growth in obese mice. The current results further understanding of how obesity increases melanoma by identifying links between inflammation, melanoma cell proliferation and migration.
genetic Resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: Association w...Ishfaq Maqbool
describes briefly about need of breeding for genetic resistance, candidate genes associated with resistance, genomic regions located on different sheep chromosomes and mechanisms by which the genes act.
importance of pathogenomics in plant pathologyvinay ju
The document provides an outline for a seminar on pathogenomics for diagnosis and management of plant diseases. It includes sections on pathogenomics in plant pathology, diagnostic tools using next-generation sequencing technologies, host-microbe interaction and genes involved in virulence and resistance. The outline also lists various bioinformatics databases and molecular techniques used for pathogen detection, including PCR-based methods and microarrays. It discusses several examples of pathogenicity genes and host proteins involved in plant-virus interactions.
Laura Ann Kelley is an experienced molecular and cell biologist currently working as an Associate Scientist at Eli Lilly & Company. She has over 10 years of experience in industry and academia employing techniques such as flow cytometry, high throughput screening assays, tissue/cell culture, molecular cloning, and more. Previously she has worked at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Amcyte Diabetes, and the University of California, San Diego conducting research in areas like antibody therapeutics, stem cells, and virology. She holds an M.S. in Biology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and has authored several publications and posters.
This document discusses genetic instability. It defines genetic instability as an increased rate of genomic alterations ranging from point mutations to chromosome rearrangements. It describes three main types: nucleotide instability, microsatellite instability, and chromosomal instability. Causes of genetic instability include replication errors, defects in DNA repair pathways, and issues during cell division. Methods for detecting instability include karyotyping, FISH, and array technologies. Genetic instability is a hallmark of cancer and helps accelerate tumor genesis by increasing mutations. Cells use mechanisms like DNA proofreading and cell cycle checkpoints to maintain stability.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Michael John Dewey. It lists his education, including a Ph.D. in Microbiology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1973. It details his professional roles, such as Instructor at Colorado State University since 2007 and various director positions. It also provides a selection of his 75 publications in peer-reviewed journals on topics related to genetics and microbiology research.
Compartment specific micro rna expression profiles (poster) posterJackie Lau
This document describes a study investigating compartment-specific microRNA expression profiles in normal human colons and tumor counterparts. Tissue samples from normal colons were microdissected to enrich for different crypt compartments, including whole mucosa, top crypt, and basal crypt. High-throughput quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of 677 microRNAs across these samples. Statistical analysis identified microRNAs differentially expressed between compartments that are involved in intestinal epithelial development. Five candidate microRNAs were selected for further validation using individual quantitative PCR on formalin-fixed samples from 42 normal-tumor pairs and 16 top-basal crypt pairs from normal tissue. The aim is to identify microRNA markers that define colonic stem cell niches and
- Physiologic concentrations of resistin and IL-6 were found to stimulate melanoma cell proliferation, with resistin and high-dose IL-6 increasing cell numbers compared to controls.
- Macrophages were shown to significantly increase melanoma cell migration in co-culture experiments, while individual cytokines had no effect on migration.
- Previous research from the authors' lab revealed that the adipokine leptin promotes melanoma tumor growth in obese mice. The current results further understanding of how obesity increases melanoma by identifying links between inflammation, melanoma cell proliferation and migration.
genetic Resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: Association w...Ishfaq Maqbool
describes briefly about need of breeding for genetic resistance, candidate genes associated with resistance, genomic regions located on different sheep chromosomes and mechanisms by which the genes act.
importance of pathogenomics in plant pathologyvinay ju
The document provides an outline for a seminar on pathogenomics for diagnosis and management of plant diseases. It includes sections on pathogenomics in plant pathology, diagnostic tools using next-generation sequencing technologies, host-microbe interaction and genes involved in virulence and resistance. The outline also lists various bioinformatics databases and molecular techniques used for pathogen detection, including PCR-based methods and microarrays. It discusses several examples of pathogenicity genes and host proteins involved in plant-virus interactions.
Laura Ann Kelley is an experienced molecular and cell biologist currently working as an Associate Scientist at Eli Lilly & Company. She has over 10 years of experience in industry and academia employing techniques such as flow cytometry, high throughput screening assays, tissue/cell culture, molecular cloning, and more. Previously she has worked at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Amcyte Diabetes, and the University of California, San Diego conducting research in areas like antibody therapeutics, stem cells, and virology. She holds an M.S. in Biology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and has authored several publications and posters.
This document discusses genetic instability. It defines genetic instability as an increased rate of genomic alterations ranging from point mutations to chromosome rearrangements. It describes three main types: nucleotide instability, microsatellite instability, and chromosomal instability. Causes of genetic instability include replication errors, defects in DNA repair pathways, and issues during cell division. Methods for detecting instability include karyotyping, FISH, and array technologies. Genetic instability is a hallmark of cancer and helps accelerate tumor genesis by increasing mutations. Cells use mechanisms like DNA proofreading and cell cycle checkpoints to maintain stability.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Michael John Dewey. It lists his education, including a Ph.D. in Microbiology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1973. It details his professional roles, such as Instructor at Colorado State University since 2007 and various director positions. It also provides a selection of his 75 publications in peer-reviewed journals on topics related to genetics and microbiology research.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the qualifications and experience of Ximiao He. He received his Ph.D. in Genomics from the Beijing Institute of Genomics in China, where he conducted research on genome databases and the analysis of human CpG islands and DNA methylation in cancer. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the National Cancer Institute studying the effects of nucleosome occupancy and methylation on gene regulation. His research interests include DNA methylation, alternative splicing, and computational genomics tools. He has over 20 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has presented his research at several conferences.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
This document provides an overview of recent single cell research publications featuring Illumina technology. It describes applications of single cell sequencing in cancer research, metagenomics, stem cells, immunology and other areas. It discusses techniques for sample preparation, data analysis, and sequencing of DNA, epigenetics and RNA at the single cell level. The document includes a bibliography of reviewed publications demonstrating the use of Illumina sequencing for single cell analysis.
Philippa Strong has over 15 years of experience in molecular microbiology in both academia and industry. She has significant expertise in culturing anaerobic bacteria, genetic manipulation, protein purification, and fluorescence microscopy. Her technical skills include protein expression and purification, live cell imaging, PCR, cloning, and bacterial isolation from human samples. She has worked on projects involving C. difficile, acetogenic bacteria, and Campylobacter jejuni. Her roles have included postdoctoral research, developing novel biotherapeutics, and optimizing growth of acetogenic bacteria for chemical production. She has authored several peer-reviewed publications and presented her work at international conferences.
Chronic Endometritis in Repeated miscarriage and Repeated implantation f...Aboubakr Elnashar
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammation of the endometrial lining characterized by the presence of plasma cells. CE has been correlated with repeated miscarriage (RM) and repeated implantation failure (RIF), with prevalence rates ranging from 42.9-56% in RM and 30.3-66% in RIF. CE is typically diagnosed through histological examination of an endometrial biopsy sample using hematoxylin and eosin staining or immunohistochemistry, though office hysteroscopy may also be used. Treatment with a 2 week course of antibiotics such as ofloxacin or doxycycline results in histological cure in 70-95% of cases and significantly improves live birth rates in
Presentation from the ECDC expert consultation on Whole Genome Sequencing organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 19 November 2015
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
The repeated inflammation caused by monthly ovulation exposes the fallopian tube epithelium to oxidative stress, leading to transcription-associated mutations in the TP53 gene. This is believed to be the first step in the development of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). Estrogen and inflammatory cytokines generated during ovulation cause DNA damage in the fallopian tube cells through reactive oxygen species. Mutation of the TP53 gene prevents the cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to this damage, allowing genetic changes to accumulate and cancer to develop.
The document lists over 100 "Supplementary Sidebars" numbered from 1.1 to 16.11. Each sidebar appears to cover a different topic related to cancer biology, with many sidebars focusing on specific experiments, findings, techniques, or hypotheses discussed in the field. The sidebars range widely in their subject matter and depth.
The study characterized 270 MRSA isolates from Colombia to determine molecular epidemiology and virulence genes. PFGE analysis identified dominant clones related to the Chilean and USA300-0114 clones. MLST found sequence types ST1110 and ST1111 related to known clones. SCCmec typing showed types I, II, IVa-c. Virulence genes like enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and adhesins were present. Mortality was higher for HA-MRSA and infections like bacteremia. The presence of certain genes was associated with increased severity and pathology.
Chronic endometritis and its effect on FertilityKaberi Banerjee
Chronic endometritis, inflammation of the endometrial lining, may hinder fertility by disrupting the implantation process. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimizing reproductive outcomes and addressing infertility challenges.
This document summarizes research targeting metastatic triple negative breast cancer using phage display nanotechnology. Key points:
- Triple negative breast cancer, which lacks estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, has poor survival rates and few treatment options. The goal is to target cancer stem cells that initiate metastases.
- Phage display was used to select peptide sequences that bind specifically to triple negative breast cancer cells. Over 3 rounds of selection and amplification, binding peptides were increasingly enriched.
- Isolated phage clones were sequenced to identify binding peptide sequences for further development of targeted nanomedicines to treat metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Future work will modify pre-existing cancer nanomedicines with the selected peptides.
Antonio Ahn is a medical researcher from New Zealand. He received his PhD in pathology from the University of Otago, where he currently works as a lab demonstrator. His research focuses on bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq and methylation data to study protein-coding genes, lncRNAs, transposable elements, and immune cell infiltration in cancer. He has published several papers on epigenetic changes and drug resistance in melanoma.
Los días 7 y 8 de mayo organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces con la Fundación General CSIC el Simposio Internacional 'Microbiología: transmisión'. La "transmisión" en microbiología hace referencia al proceso por el que material genético es transferido de una célula a otra, de una población a otra. Es un proceso clave para entender el origen y la evolución de los seres vivos. El objetivo de esta reunión era conocer mejor la logística de la transmisión para ser capaces de modular o suprimir algunos procesos de transmisión dañinos.
The document discusses genome evolution in bacterial pathogens. It describes two main ways that phenotypic similarities can evolve between species: parallel evolution where similar mutations arise independently, and collateral evolution where alleles are shared between populations. It provides examples of how pathogenic strains like Shigella arose from E. coli through plasmid acquisition and phenotypic convergence. The document also summarizes key points from a workshop on bacterial pathogen origin and evolution, including the four main forms of genome evolution and the role of horizontal gene transfer in transmitting virulence genes.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docxzebadiahsummers
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docxketurahhazelhurst
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T ...
Abzymes are antibodies that possess catalytic activity in addition to their ligand binding ability. They can be produced through reactive immunization techniques involving haptens that mimic transition state analogs of chemical reactions, eliciting antibodies that can catalyze those reactions. One application of abzymes is in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), where an abzyme like 38C2 is used to activate anti-cancer prodrugs like doxorubicin selectively near tumor cells.
Models of Human Diseases Conference (2010) Tetrahymena model by Dr. R. Pearl...Medical Education Advising
The Ciliate Protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila as an important animal model organism
Dr. R.E. Pearlman, York University
Models of Human Diseases Conference
June 29, 2010
This document discusses the pathophysiology of scoliosis, including intrinsic genetic and spinal growth abnormalities, as well as extrinsic clinical diagnostic evaluations and hormonal and nervous system factors. It covers different types of scoliosis including infantile, adolescent, juvenile, and adult, providing definitions for each. Magnetic resonance imaging, intervertebral disc abnormalities, leptin roles, and references are also mentioned.
The document discusses the treatment of wastes from the fermented food industry in Malaysia. It focuses specifically on the waste treatment process for soy sauce production. The key points are:
1. Soy sauce production in Malaysia generates 7-9 tonnes of wastewater for every tonne of soy sauce produced. This wastewater contains high levels of COD, BOD, TSS, color, and protein.
2. The typical waste treatment method used is biological treatment using aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor system. This process can achieve high removal efficiencies of 76% for COD, 58% for BOD, and 87% for TSS.
3. Aerobic
This curriculum vitae summarizes the qualifications and experience of Ximiao He. He received his Ph.D. in Genomics from the Beijing Institute of Genomics in China, where he conducted research on genome databases and the analysis of human CpG islands and DNA methylation in cancer. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the National Cancer Institute studying the effects of nucleosome occupancy and methylation on gene regulation. His research interests include DNA methylation, alternative splicing, and computational genomics tools. He has over 20 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has presented his research at several conferences.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
This document provides an overview of recent single cell research publications featuring Illumina technology. It describes applications of single cell sequencing in cancer research, metagenomics, stem cells, immunology and other areas. It discusses techniques for sample preparation, data analysis, and sequencing of DNA, epigenetics and RNA at the single cell level. The document includes a bibliography of reviewed publications demonstrating the use of Illumina sequencing for single cell analysis.
Philippa Strong has over 15 years of experience in molecular microbiology in both academia and industry. She has significant expertise in culturing anaerobic bacteria, genetic manipulation, protein purification, and fluorescence microscopy. Her technical skills include protein expression and purification, live cell imaging, PCR, cloning, and bacterial isolation from human samples. She has worked on projects involving C. difficile, acetogenic bacteria, and Campylobacter jejuni. Her roles have included postdoctoral research, developing novel biotherapeutics, and optimizing growth of acetogenic bacteria for chemical production. She has authored several peer-reviewed publications and presented her work at international conferences.
Chronic Endometritis in Repeated miscarriage and Repeated implantation f...Aboubakr Elnashar
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammation of the endometrial lining characterized by the presence of plasma cells. CE has been correlated with repeated miscarriage (RM) and repeated implantation failure (RIF), with prevalence rates ranging from 42.9-56% in RM and 30.3-66% in RIF. CE is typically diagnosed through histological examination of an endometrial biopsy sample using hematoxylin and eosin staining or immunohistochemistry, though office hysteroscopy may also be used. Treatment with a 2 week course of antibiotics such as ofloxacin or doxycycline results in histological cure in 70-95% of cases and significantly improves live birth rates in
Presentation from the ECDC expert consultation on Whole Genome Sequencing organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 19 November 2015
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
The repeated inflammation caused by monthly ovulation exposes the fallopian tube epithelium to oxidative stress, leading to transcription-associated mutations in the TP53 gene. This is believed to be the first step in the development of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). Estrogen and inflammatory cytokines generated during ovulation cause DNA damage in the fallopian tube cells through reactive oxygen species. Mutation of the TP53 gene prevents the cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to this damage, allowing genetic changes to accumulate and cancer to develop.
The document lists over 100 "Supplementary Sidebars" numbered from 1.1 to 16.11. Each sidebar appears to cover a different topic related to cancer biology, with many sidebars focusing on specific experiments, findings, techniques, or hypotheses discussed in the field. The sidebars range widely in their subject matter and depth.
The study characterized 270 MRSA isolates from Colombia to determine molecular epidemiology and virulence genes. PFGE analysis identified dominant clones related to the Chilean and USA300-0114 clones. MLST found sequence types ST1110 and ST1111 related to known clones. SCCmec typing showed types I, II, IVa-c. Virulence genes like enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and adhesins were present. Mortality was higher for HA-MRSA and infections like bacteremia. The presence of certain genes was associated with increased severity and pathology.
Chronic endometritis and its effect on FertilityKaberi Banerjee
Chronic endometritis, inflammation of the endometrial lining, may hinder fertility by disrupting the implantation process. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimizing reproductive outcomes and addressing infertility challenges.
This document summarizes research targeting metastatic triple negative breast cancer using phage display nanotechnology. Key points:
- Triple negative breast cancer, which lacks estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, has poor survival rates and few treatment options. The goal is to target cancer stem cells that initiate metastases.
- Phage display was used to select peptide sequences that bind specifically to triple negative breast cancer cells. Over 3 rounds of selection and amplification, binding peptides were increasingly enriched.
- Isolated phage clones were sequenced to identify binding peptide sequences for further development of targeted nanomedicines to treat metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Future work will modify pre-existing cancer nanomedicines with the selected peptides.
Antonio Ahn is a medical researcher from New Zealand. He received his PhD in pathology from the University of Otago, where he currently works as a lab demonstrator. His research focuses on bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq and methylation data to study protein-coding genes, lncRNAs, transposable elements, and immune cell infiltration in cancer. He has published several papers on epigenetic changes and drug resistance in melanoma.
Los días 7 y 8 de mayo organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces con la Fundación General CSIC el Simposio Internacional 'Microbiología: transmisión'. La "transmisión" en microbiología hace referencia al proceso por el que material genético es transferido de una célula a otra, de una población a otra. Es un proceso clave para entender el origen y la evolución de los seres vivos. El objetivo de esta reunión era conocer mejor la logística de la transmisión para ser capaces de modular o suprimir algunos procesos de transmisión dañinos.
The document discusses genome evolution in bacterial pathogens. It describes two main ways that phenotypic similarities can evolve between species: parallel evolution where similar mutations arise independently, and collateral evolution where alleles are shared between populations. It provides examples of how pathogenic strains like Shigella arose from E. coli through plasmid acquisition and phenotypic convergence. The document also summarizes key points from a workshop on bacterial pathogen origin and evolution, including the four main forms of genome evolution and the role of horizontal gene transfer in transmitting virulence genes.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docxzebadiahsummers
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docxketurahhazelhurst
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T ...
Abzymes are antibodies that possess catalytic activity in addition to their ligand binding ability. They can be produced through reactive immunization techniques involving haptens that mimic transition state analogs of chemical reactions, eliciting antibodies that can catalyze those reactions. One application of abzymes is in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), where an abzyme like 38C2 is used to activate anti-cancer prodrugs like doxorubicin selectively near tumor cells.
Models of Human Diseases Conference (2010) Tetrahymena model by Dr. R. Pearl...Medical Education Advising
The Ciliate Protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila as an important animal model organism
Dr. R.E. Pearlman, York University
Models of Human Diseases Conference
June 29, 2010
This document discusses the pathophysiology of scoliosis, including intrinsic genetic and spinal growth abnormalities, as well as extrinsic clinical diagnostic evaluations and hormonal and nervous system factors. It covers different types of scoliosis including infantile, adolescent, juvenile, and adult, providing definitions for each. Magnetic resonance imaging, intervertebral disc abnormalities, leptin roles, and references are also mentioned.
The document discusses the treatment of wastes from the fermented food industry in Malaysia. It focuses specifically on the waste treatment process for soy sauce production. The key points are:
1. Soy sauce production in Malaysia generates 7-9 tonnes of wastewater for every tonne of soy sauce produced. This wastewater contains high levels of COD, BOD, TSS, color, and protein.
2. The typical waste treatment method used is biological treatment using aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor system. This process can achieve high removal efficiencies of 76% for COD, 58% for BOD, and 87% for TSS.
3. Aerobic
The document summarizes protein secondary structure prediction methods. It discusses:
1) Three layer prediction method using multiple sequence alignments and refined predictions.
2) Homology-based third generation methods use information from homologous sequences.
3) Neural network models like PHD in the 1990s combined multiple sequence alignments and neural networks to improve predictions.
The document provides an overview of Judaism, including its origin and history, key movements, doctrines, principles of faith, divine scriptures, practices, holidays and festivals. It discusses how Judaism originated over 4000 years ago with the Hebrew people in the Middle East. The major movements within Judaism are outlined as Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and others. Core beliefs and doctrines such as monotheism, Torah, mitzvot and principles of faith like Maimonides' 13 are summarized. Similarities and differences between Islam and Judaism are also highlighted.
The document discusses the negative effects of misleading advertising of health products. It begins with an introduction defining advertising and misleading advertisements. The thesis states that misleading health product advertising negatively impacts medical perspectives, economic development, and consumer welfare. Three main ideas are then presented: 1) It can harm credibility of medical practitioners and increase treatment refusal, 2) It distorts market competition and impacts firms, 3) It violates consumer rights and can cause consumers to lose money. The document concludes by stating everyone should be aware of the serious issue and provides recommendations such as enforcing laws and establishing educational campaigns.
Bullying; Definition in theoretically and Islamic perspectives, Types of the bully, Issues on Bullying and Potential solutions to bullying.
Ethics, Creative thinking, and problem-solving.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
TRICHOMONIASIS.pdf
1. Diffusion
Recommended dose similar
to metronidazole
Cure rates ≈ 92%–100%
Resistance : 1%
(Benchimol et al., 2015)
Cytoadherance
Hemolysis
Phagocytosis
Immune invasion
mechanism
Cell death
Loss of helical DNA
structure & strand
breakage
AF: anterior
flagella
RF: recurrent
flagellum
Ax: axostyle
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests
(NAAT) (Miller et al., 2018)
Reduction
non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI)
unicellular, pyriform, flagellated parasitic
protozoan
extracellular to genitourinary tract epithelium
main energy source: carbohydrates (fermentative
metabolism)
incubation period: 4 - 28 days
lifecycle: motile & symptom-causing trophozoites
replication process: binary fission
Burning sensation & itching
Discharge (vulvitis) have an
unpleasant smell
Vaginal spotting or bleeding
Frequent urge to urinate
Pain during urination
Vaginal walls become tender
& prone to bacterial infection
Dysuria & frequency of
urination increase
Dirty-white discharge
containing leukocytes,
epithelial cells and
trichomonads
Lewis(2014) and Mercer & Johnson(2018)
FEMALE
MALE
250 mg- given orally 3X day for
7 days
2 g -given orally in a single dose
Cure rates ≈ 84%–98%
Resistance : 4%–10%
Recommended dose :
Multiple sexual
partners
Lower socioeconomic
status
History of STDs
Lack of condom usage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Practice Safe sex
Avoid multiple sex partners or
a single partner who has
multiple sex partners.
Abstain from sex until
(CDC, 2015)
patient &partners are
treated
Raja Nur Azreen Bt Raja Iskandar (1819200), Syazana Aqilah Bt Ibrahim (1815928), Nurdiyana Bt Mohammad Shafie (1815788), Nurkhalida Bt Mohd Khairi (1813044), Qiestiena Aliya Faiezi Bt Faizul (1812516)
Human-associated
microflora interaction
Lactobacilli population
modulation
Symbiotic relationship with
Mycoplasma hominis
Human virus internalization
& interaction eg: HIV,
dsRNA viruses (TVVs)
Low complement
components
CP activity
Host plasma proteins
coating
IL-6 induction, IL-8
downregulation
Gold standard for the diagnosis
of T. vaginalis
Utilized reverse transcriptase
PCR method
Highly specific and sensitive
interact with host
cell surface
metabolic enzymes
ingest & degrade
particles coated with
laminin, fibronectin,
Lactobacilli, yeasts,
erythrocytes,
leukocytes, epithelial
cells, spermatozoids,
& prostate cells
caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
Erythrocytes - a
source of fatty
acids & iron
Cysteine proteinases
(CP)- pore-forming
phospholipase-A-like
proteins &TvLIP
If positive, then no
further testing required
(Krieger et al., 1988)
Cultivation of swab specimen
onto Diamond's medium &
incubation (Nye et al., 2009)
Miller, J. M., Binnicker, M. J., Campbell, S., Carroll, K. C., Chapin, K. C., Gilligan, P. H., Gonzalez, M. D., Jerris,
R. C., Kehl, S. C., Patel, R., Pritt, B. S., Richter, S. S., Robinson-Dunn, B., Schwartzman, J. D., Snyder,
J. W., Telford, S., 3rd, Theel, E. S., Thomson, R. B., Jr, Weinstein, M. P., & Yao, J. D. (2018). A
Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018
Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,
67(6), e1–e94. doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy381
(Kissinger, 2015; Beri et al., 2020)
T. vaginalis during
cellular division
Trichomonas
vaginalis
Test specimen is
urine or urethral
discharge
1
Benchimol, M., Pereira‐Neves, A., & de Souza, W. (2015). Pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis in Humans.
Human Emerging and Re‐emerging Infections, I, 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch22
Mechanism of action
(Weir & Le, 2021)
Diffusion
Microscopy
1 Culture System
Krieger, J. N., Tam, M. R., Stevens, C. E., Nielsen, I. O., Hale, J., Kiviat, N. B., & Holmes, K. K. (1988).
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Comparison of conventional wet-mount examination with cytologic
studies, cultures, and monoclonal antibody staining of direct specimens. JAMA, 259(8), 1223–
1227. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.259.8.1223
Nye, M. B., Schwebke, J. R., & Body, B. A. (2009). Comparison of APTIMA Trichomonas vaginalis
transcription-mediated amplification to wet mount microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain
reaction for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men and women. American journal of obstetrics and
gynecology, 200(2), 188.e1–188.e1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.005
(Lewis, 2014)
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe
1
2
3
4
5
Weir, C., & Le, J. (2021). Metronidazole. Retrieved 29 May 2021, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539728/
(Benchimol et al., 2016)
Cell interior
Beri, D., Yadav, P., Devi, H., Narayana, C., Gadara, D., & Tatu, U. (2020). Demonstration and
Characterization of Cyst-Like Structures in the Life Cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis. Frontiers
in cellular and infection microbiology, 9, 430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00430
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Mercer, F., & Johnson, P. J. (2018). Trichomonas vaginalis: Pathogenesis, Symbiont Interactions, and
Host Cell Immune Responses. Trends in Parasitology, 34(8), 683–693. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.006
Kissinger, P. (2015). Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment
issues. BMC Infect, 307 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0
Lewis, D. (2014). Trichomoniasis. Medicine (United Kingdom), 42(7), 369–371.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.04.004
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Trichomoniasis - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines.
Retrieved 29 May 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/trichomoniasis.htm
References
Trichomonad adhesins
Test specimen is
vaginal discharge
SBT 3353
Medical
Microbiology &
Parasitology
Sem 2, 20/21