19. Describe the following modified leaves: a. Tendrils-a threadlike appendage of climbing plants b. Spines- c. bud scales d. scale leaves of a bulb e. succulent leaves of a desert plant 20. What is the stalk of a leaf called? 21. What is the broad, flat, thin part called? 22. Most petioles are rather small, but in some plants they can be either massive or very long. List several examples of unusually large petiole (two are edible). 23. Shoot apical meristems make groups of cells that protrude upward and develop into leaves. What are these small protrusions of cells call? 24. As a young xylem cell matures into a tracheary element, it first must enter__ and stop_. It is initially a small. cell, but after it reaches its full size and shape, it deposits a wall that reinforces the wall. The xylem cell and its protoplasm leaving a wall..