1. FUTURE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS: KEY TO OUR GREEN FUTURE
Thomas F. Valone Ph.D., P.E.
Integrity Research Institute, 5020 Sunnyside Avenue, Suite 209, Beltsville MD 20705
http://www.integrity-research.org
301-220-0440, 800-295-7674, Fax: 301-513-5728, email: iri@erols.com
World Energy Engineering Conference, Orlando FL, October, 2015
ABSTRACT
Today 85% of our country’s energy comes from the combustion of dead fossils, a dirty fuel that is forcing
the world’s atmosphere to overheat. Just in the past ten years, the earth increased 20 ppm to pass 400 ppm
CO2 average level worldwide. However, new 21st
century energy sources that produce no carbon emissions
and do not contribute to global warming are now emerging. Beyond the realm of fuel cells and solar is the
non-conventional world of “future energy.” Some of the best examples are new and exciting generators that
release trapped potential energy from nature in ways never dreamed of before. Others innovatively apply
clean fuels in conventional systems that are surprisingly simple and yet very efficient that are a focus of
attention for NASA and the USDOE. Most of them have one thing in common: they are very scientific but
are relatively unknown to the general public. This paper summarizes the latest breakthroughs in future
energy. The energy revolution is now beginning. It is time to understand the clean alternatives to dead,
fossilized, poisonous fuel.
Keywords: future energy, nuclear remediation, overunity, betavoltaic, biomass, wireless electricity, COFE
INTRODUCTION
In 1998, our institute was inspired by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) issuance of its Comprehensive
National Energy Strategy (CNES)[1] that included as one of its five goals, the following aspiration:
Goal IV: Expand future energy choices – pursuing progress in science and technology to provide future
generations with a robust portfolio of clean and reasonably priced energy sources.
Objective 1. Maintain a strong national knowledge base as the foundation for informed energy decisions,
new energy systems, and enabling technologies of the future.
Objective 2. Expand long-term energy options.
However, the DOE subsequently did not engage in developing, much less maintaining a robust knowledge
base of future energy choices, nor expanded research into new energy systems, or even long-term energy
options, mainly due to upper management decisions. In a study performed by Integrity Research Institute
(IRI) on the progress of the CNES two years later, it is surprising that instead the DOE has worked to
actively suppress enabling technologies of the future. Furthermore, concern for global warming and the
expected increase in carbon emissions by the American society clearly do not enter DOE policies. In the
past, the DOE has: (1) endorsed natural gas use for future generations, (2) rescinded a Nuclear Energy
Research Initiative (NERI) grant awarded to a prominent professor for transmuting radioactive waste, and
(3) reversed an initial offer to host a Conference on Future Energy (COFE), and most notably, (4) predicted
repeatedly that OPEC will “double their output” at the annual EIA meeting in DC. Therefore, it is clear by
these and many other DOE practices that it is up to the private sector to conduct scientific research into new
energy systems and enabling technologies of the future in order to replace carbon-emitting fuel systems. As
a guideline, it is generally agreed that emerging energy technologies that qualify as true future energy must
not produce carbon emissions nor contribute to global warming if we are to have a future planet earth. The
reason for this is as Worldwatch Institute noted over fifteen years ago: “Stabilizing atmospheric CO2
concentrations at safe levels will require a 60-80 percent cut in carbon emissions from current levels,
according to the best estimates of scientists.”[2] This assessment is more urgently true today than ever
before, as noted in a recent New Scientist (8/3/15) which summarizes the world climatologists’ call for an
80% reduction in CO2 to avoid “dangerous” temperature rises.

2. IRI ANSWERS ENERGY CONCERNS
With one of the IRI program areas concentrating on new and clean energy innovations beyond simple
renewable incremental changes, the COFE platform has been a springboard for some of the more disruptive
inventions in the energy arena, all of which present clean, fossil-fuel-free energy solutions. A good
example is Dr. Nick Simos from Brookhaven National Labs who lectured at COFE6 and COFE7 on his
analysis of the potential of the original wireless power transmission concept. IRI is proud of the amazing
adjunct professor of engineering, Dr. Simos, who gave a convincing critical assessment of Nikola Tesla's
"Worldwide Wireless Energy System" that has often baffled and confused all of the world's electrical
engineering experts, as compared to utility power generation plants married to the comfortable, familiar,
umbilical cord we call the "electrical utility grid" which together loses 2/3 of its input energy1
upon
delivery and ALL of it during any major storm. The original plan was erected on Long Island in 1903 by
Tesla and at 187 feet tall, called the “Wardenclyffe Tower” (see photo on screen). It required a duplicate
tower anywhere else in the world to be a resonant receiver in a capacitive earth-ionosphere cavity with very
low loss (0.25 dB per km) on the order of 2%-5% for a circumnavigated pulse. Dr. Simos hopes to
contribute to the next transatlantic wireless power transmission according to the Tesla design, rather than
the inefficient Witricity design, endorsed by MIT and the McArthur Foundation, that only achieves short
range transmission of a meter or two with a biologically unsafe electromagnetic field intensity. More
information is available at www.futurenergy.org.
Figure 1. Dr. Nick Simos talks about wireless power transmission with “Nikola Tesla Unplugged”
ELECTRIC GYROSCOPIC PROPULSION
Perhaps the most spectacular first from COFE6 and COFE7 was Mike Gamble's presentations on various
perspectives of inertial propulsion, which to the uninitiated is the future of satellite and space travel
propulsion, as compared to "solar sails", compressed gas canisters, and other alternatives. Mike explained
the basic fundamentals of the gyroscopic origins of the science of producing unidirectional force
electrically and then astounded the audience with a separate talk just for the COFE7 audience on the inside
scoop of Boeing's actual research into the "control moment gyro propulsion engineering" or how to use
gyros to keep satellites in orbit for years. From Mike’s firsthand knowledge and the endorsement of the
Boeing company (which took six months to approve), it can now be stated with certainty that a new
innovative fuelless method of propulsion without propellant has been used secretly by industry for
decades. Though IRI has published the report called “Inertial Propulsion Patent Collection” for decades, no
one took the topic seriously (including professors and engineers) until now. The next project for Mike as he
enters retirement will be to design a consumer model of “scissoring gyros” that might be used for a land-
based vehicle with electric battery power or solar panel input. It is a very exciting alternative to fossil fuel
driven vehicular travel, on land, sea, or in the air and beyond. Mike holds his photo of the Boeing four-gyro
assembly test unit, where the four blue end caps are the pairs of gyros which work together to provide
1
Source: US Energy Association, 2002, see slide #12 of "Future Energy" slideshow online presented by
Dr. Valone at the UN Nexus Youth Summit www.integrityresearchinstitute.org/Valone-FutureEnergy.PDF

3. directional force, even presently on our Space Station in orbit. They literally keep the Space Station from
falling to earth by occasionally lifting the station to a higher orbit. IRI believes the same apparatus should
now be re-engineered for terrestrial applications since it is free from the requirement for fuel.
Figure 2. Boeing engineer Mike Gamble with a photo of gyro propulsion
PHASE CHANGE INSULATION
Often our institute is asked, “What can the ordinary person do to save money on energy costs?” The simple
answer is to install phase change material (PCM) insulation. Companies that manufacture such a product
prove that this type of insulation vastly outperforms any other passive insulation on the market.
Figure 3. Phase Change Insulation

4. Phase change insulation actively absorbs heat when needed to keep the indoors cool during the summer and
warm in the winter. Figure 3 shows the details and the amazing stability of the 24-hour indoor temperature
with the line marked “Phase Change” while Figure 4 details four different companies that offer such
superior insulating products to normal passive insulating materials which are static instead of dynamic.
Figure 4. Explanation of Phase Change Materials (PCM)
HALF A MEGAWATT PER KILOMETER
As to what municipalities and rural communities can do to increase income and generate electrical energy
renewably, the roads and railroads are natural electrical generators, if you know how to convert momentary
pressure into electrical output. The surprise is the proven estimate by Innowattech of 500 kW per kilometer
or 0.5 MW/km of roadway or railway. Soon, our institute predicts, the US will have a startup which will
employ this robust and simple piezoelectric solution to the energy crisis, to benefit local municipalities in a
distributed power arrangement, without emitting any more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This has to
happen when the yield is so high and the investment requirement is so minimal with standard piezoelectric
transducers designed for the proper force input. It is a low risk, high pay back scenario.
Figure 5. Innowattech Piezoelectric Generator Panels for Road and Railways

5. BETAVOLTAIC BATTERY
The next technology of importance is the betavoltaic battery invention of Dr. Paul Brown (U.S. Pat.
#4,835,433). It involves a benign nuclear source called tritium (an isotope of hydrogen) that simply emits
an electron (5.7 keV beta particle) over its half-life of 12.5 years. The useful battery life is thus estimated to
be about 25 years. It is a cheap, long-life, high energy density battery with a wide range of applications.
Lucent Technologies was also contracted years ago to produce the tritiated amorphous silicon for use in the
semiconductor industry and even for watch batteries. However, the CityLabs company succeeded in
beating them to a small chip-sized 25-year battery that is now on the market. The amorphous silicon is
placed between two electrodes in order to complete the battery construction. The batteries have a mean
energy density of 24 watts per kilogram and are ideal for low power, long-life applications [4]. It is clear
that no recharging of these batteries is ever needed. The disposal is even safer than disposing of smoke
detectors.
Figure 6. Tritium Battery finally on the market today
NUCLEAR REMEDIATION
It is worthwhile mentioning that the late Paul Brown's other endeavor may give a boost to the nuclear
power industry. He discovered that low energy gamma rays (photons) on the order of 10 MeV, can function
as an effective agent to transmute nuclear waste into short-lived isotopes, acceptable for burial anywhere.
The remediation project is spearheaded by Nuclear Solutions, Inc. which planned to build a pilot plant to
accept nuclear waste of any type and generate electricity at the same time. The Battelle Institute,
Brookhaven Labs, and Los Alamos Labs have all been involved in the planning and testing stages of this
new technology. Brown presented details of this invention at COFE1 which has since been vindicated with
a laser-driven version causing “photo-transmutation” of long-lived nuclear waste products, just as Paul
Brown predicted [4]. In 1999, the US State Department was interested in connecting him with foreign
markets that could have assisted in proving its worth. However, even in 2015, the Yucca mountain nuclear
waste storage facility is quagmired in political problems with no resolution in sight since the Obama
administration stopped funding it in 2010 after the government spent $15 billion to build the dangerous and
unstable respository.

6. Figure 7. Laser-Driven Photo-Transmutation of Long-Lived Nuclear Waste Sealed in Acrylic.
Credit: J. Phys. D: App. Phys. 36 L79-L82, 2003
ELECTROSTATIC MOTORS
The next energy breakthrough is Dr. Oleg Jefimenko's electrostatic motors. Discovered by Ben Franklin in
the 18th
century, electrostatic motors are an all-American invention. They are based on the physics of the
fair-weather atmosphere that has an abundance of positive electric charges up to an altitude of 20 km.
However, the greatest concentration is near the ground and diminishes with altitude rapidly. Dr. Jefimenko
discovered that when sharp-pointed antennas are designed for a
sufficient length to obtain at least 6000 volts of threshold
energy, the fair-weather current density available is about a
picoampere per square meter. Such antennas produce about a
microampere of current. However, small radioactive source
antennas may be used instead that have no threshold voltage
and therefore no height requirements. These antennas have
larger current potentials depending upon the radioactive source
used (alpha or beta source) and ionize the air in the vicinity of
the antenna. Electrostatic motors are lighter than
electromagnetic motors for the same output power since the
motor occupies the entire volume. For example, it is expected
that a motor one meter on a side will provide a power of one
megawatt and weigh 500 kg or less. Electrostatic motors also
require very little metal in their construction and can use
mostly plastic for example. They can also operate from a
variety of sources and range of voltages. As Dr. Jefimenko
points out, "It is clear that electrostatic motor research still constitutes an essentially unexplored area of
physics and engineering, and that electrostatic motor research must be considered a potentially highly
rewarding area among the many energy-related research endeavors.”[5] The atmospheric potential of the
planet is not less than 200,000 megawatts. He has succeeded in constructing demonstration motors that run
continuously off atmospheric electricity. Jefimenko's largest output motor was an electret design that had a
0.1 Hp rating.[6] Certainly the potential for improvement and power upgrade exists with this free energy,
all-American invention. It should also be emphasized that atmospheric electrostatic motors are a renewable
energy generator since all of the electricity brought to ground through the device is returned to the
atmosphere eventually through positive and negative lightning generation.
Figure 8. Electrostatic Motor Model

7. BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Clean fuels are difficult to find today. One example that satisfies a
limited definition of "clean" is the carbo-hydrogen gas produced from
biomass. David Wallman has patented the process for producing
COH2 from a high voltage discharge through any biomass solution
(Pat. #5,417,817). This gas burns cleanly, producing water vapor and
only the amount of CO2 that was originally absorbed by the biological
mass when it was growing in the ground. Contrast this with burning
fossil fuels (oil and natural gas) which resurrect old buried carbon and
add it to the atmosphere from ancient cemeteries in the ground.
Instead, biomass gas burning recycles recently absorbed atmospheric
carbon dioxide. The input energy is typically about a thousand watt-
hours or about 3300 BTU to produce about 250 liters per hour of
carbo-hydrogen (8.5 cubic feet per hour). With a heating value of over
500 BTU per cubic feet, the COH2 output energy exceeds 4000 BTU,
often approaching 5000 BTU in high efficiency designs. Thus, this
biomass gasification process has an overunity efficiency of about
125% to 150%. However, when the entire energetics of the system are
accounted for, including the ultraviolet light radiation, heat loss, etc.,
estimates of 200% to 400% are reasonable. Again, this process is a largely untapped resource while
millions of gallons of farm-produced liquid biomass going to waste instead. Demonstrations of pilot plant
designs are available from Wallman's company to replace present dependence on foreign oil (which is a
fossil fuel). Municipal sewage treatment is a logical application for this invention.[7]
Figure 10. Biomass Gasification
CHARGE CLUSTERS
An unusual energy source is the clustering of electrons by a discharge needle into a high density bundle
equaling Avogadro's density of a solid[8]. Ken Shoulders has patented a process (Pat. #5,153,901) that
produces electron clusters with such high energy density, they equal processes exceeding 25,000 degrees
Celsius upon impact. Yet, he only uses 20 microjoules to produce the effects. The clusters travel at a
maximum of one tenth of the speed of light and penetrate any substance with accuracy and sharp precision.
It is similar to xenon clustering techniques currently used at megavolt energy levels. Low energy nuclear
transmutation of the target has also been achieved with this process. Using a deuterium loaded palladium
foil, only the bombardment areas show transmutation into silicon, calcium, and magnesium with electron
clusters upon analysis with X-rays. Fox has postulated that the high velocity electron clusters achieve
results similar to ion accelerators, including penetration of the nucleus, with substantially less power. The
new physics of like-charges clustering in bundles under low power conditions opens a wide range of
applications including spacecraft maneuvering microthrusters. The overunity coefficient of performance
efficiency is 9 to 1.
Input Energy:
3278 BTU
Carbon Arc and
Biomass Solution
Ultraviolet
Radiation
COH2 Gas with
Output Energy:
4675 BTU
Figure 9. Gasification Demo
Credit: Alternative Energy Institute

8. THIN-FILM ELECTROLYTIC CELL POWER UNIT
A product with the consumer in mind is U of Illinois professor George Miley's invention that produces
about one watt per cubic centimeter of electrolyte[9]. Using a flowing packed-bed type electrolytic cell
with 1-molar LiSO4 in light water, small (1-mm diameter) plastic beads with a thin (500-1000 angstrom)
film of metal (nickel, palladium, or titanium) are employed. A special sputtering technique to spray on the
metal is used. With 2-3 volts of electrical power and only 1-5 milliamperes of current, the single film
experiments produce an excess power ten times the input power! (The input power is at most 0.01 watts
while one half of a watt of heat is produced.) Observed power densities were 1 W/cc and above. It is also
apparent that the physics of this reaction involve nuclear transmutations as well. As Dr. Miley notes: “The
key finding from these studies has been the observation of a large array of “new” elements (i.e. different
from the bead coating), many with significant deviations from natural isotopic compositions, after the run.
Great care has been made to insure that these elements are distinguished from isotopic impurities by use of
a “clean cell” with high purity components/electrolyte, in addition to the pre- and post-run analyses.” Even
low-energy radiation was detected from the beads days after each experiment. Application to space power,
providing a 1-kW cell with only 500 cc of active electrode is predicted. Note that this particular invention,
with its large overunity energy yield, was awarded a NERI grant by the DOE but then promptly withdrawn
after certain individuals pressured the DOE into a re-evaluation of its grant to Professor Miley. The politics
that override such grant decisions by the DOE Office of NEST are highly questionable since they are
dictated by public opinion and outside influence as in this case.
FUTURE ENERGY OVERUNITY
To understand emerging energy principles, it is helpful to examine the operation of a heat pump, which
converts environmental free energy into useful work. The standard heat pump is a good example of an
“overunity” system (energy out > energy in) releasing potential energy from the environment where the
heat energy output is always in the range of 2 up to 7 times the input electrical energy. This so-called
“coefficient of performance” represents an overunity efficiency, that does not violate any physics laws, if
one considers, as the consumer does, how much energy must he put in to get the predicted energy output.
Thus, the concept of “overunity,” as also the concept of “free energy” has evolved from the consumer’s
point of view. What does it cost him to receive his heat, air conditioning, cleaning, or propulsion outputs?
The closer it gets to “free,” the more desirable it is for the consumer and, we might add, to third world
countries who cannot afford to build the thousands of miles of high voltage wires (infrastructure) to support
a centralized energy system. Locally installed, modular heat and electricity generators will replace present
utility-based service in the future. Then, large area blackouts will be a thing of the past. Energy will be for
the most part, a one-time investment, included in the house, car, or spaceplane of one’s choice. However,
much needs to be done for these systems to supplant the established energy businesses that are the nation’s
major polluters. A commitment to a carbon-free energy economy, with financial backing, is required for
such large changes to take place.
ENERGY POLICY
As published in the IRI Energy Policy Recommendations report[10] widely circulated on Capitol Hill in
2009, the following recommendations summarized and updated from that study are still vitally needed
Figure 11. Charge cluster borehole into lead glass.
Hole is about 10 micron diameter. Penetration is
about 1mm per kV. The slowest speed clocked has
been 1 cm in 50 nanoseconds. With an estimated
100 billion electrons carrying 100,000 positive
ions, the kinetic energy exceeds 180 microjoules. It
has been found that quantum mechanical forces
overcome the Coulomb repulsion of like charges.
(photo credit: Ken Shoulders)

9. today in order to wean the nation off carbonizing the atmosphere any further, along with IRI findings
regarding the best carbon sequestration technology.
While over 500 submissions have been made to date to “Your Seat at The Table” of the Energy &
Environment Obama-Biden Transition Team at www.Change.gov, only a handful identified specific new
energy projects or programs that are truly clean (meaning carbon-free), sufficiently robust and will provide
increased employment to solve our national energy crisis by creating an 80% reduction in carbon emissions
by 2050, as consistently recommended by climatologists for over twenty years to keep the global warming
estimate in the 2C to 4C range.
The Energy Policy Recommendations study looks at the cutting-edge energy technologies. It recommends
the adoption of an aggressive future energy program of short term, intermediate, and long term goals that
will revolutionize our country’s energy landscape. In addition, by focusing on decentralized electric power,
it will make our country more disaster proof so that during a weather calamity, a million people don’t lose
power as well as other losses.
Recommendations Summary
A) In the Short Term, it is strongly recommended that 1) all state and utility-based limits on individual,
private electricity generation be removed; 2) we initiate a federal program for the installation of
piezoelectric crystal highway electricity generators for up to 400 kW/km of four-lane highway; 3)
spearhead a 100,000 solar roof initiative as Germany has successfully done; 4) federally mandate at least
one “out of sight” beyond top secret black project energy invention each year for the next four years; 5)
enhance government incentives, tax credits and equipment availability for giant off-shore megawatt wind
turbines.
B) For the Intermediate Term, it is recommended that the U.S. government should 6) jump start the
recently discovered algae biofuel revolution; 7) introduce photo-transmutation of nuclear waste which uses
a tabletop X-ray laser to produce short lived half-life waste; 8) give the green light to a NASA program for
Space Solar Power (SSP) with a single satellite feasibility prototype launch; 9) expand field trials for the
biggest U.S. energy reserve which is non-interruptible: geothermal energy; 10) offer policy and tax
initiatives for new car designs that include the all-electric car and TheAirCar.com; 11) initiate enforcement
of the Code of Federal Regulations that provide for examiners and managers to request a working model
demonstration at the USPTO to vastly improve the validity of the flood of issued patents.
C) For the Long Term, it is suggested that the new Administration should also 12) supersize the Solar
Revolution Project at MIT; 13) diversify the present single-track federal nuclear fusion program to include
equal funding for many other viable fusion options; 14) initiate the Planktos Science ocean seeding of
plankton blooms to sequester millions of tons of carbon dioxide to slow global warming temporarily; 15)
support R&D in wild card energy discoveries such as permanent magnet gradient motors, zero bias diode
converters, electrokinetic impulse force propulsion.
A) Short Term Recommendations
1) Remove all state and utility-based limits on individual, private electricity generation with an
additional incentive of a guaranteed rate.
Presently, individuals who wish to sell their self-generated electricity back to
the local utility company are strangled by a varying number of restrictions that
limit them severely, including a hefty rental fee for the additional electric
meter. The original intent of protecting the electric utility companies ability to
provide power should now be supplanted by a greater public need for clean
electricity that is reliable and decentralized. When Germany’s Hermann Scheer
initiated the Renewable Energy Sources Act, which ensured that independent
producers generating excess electricity can sell it to the grid at a guaranteed
price, it launched thousands of cottage industries throughout the country, with
immediate self-employment to help the economy, solving two problems at once
Figure 12 so that today, renewables account for nearly 15 per cent of electricity generated

10. in Germany. It is recommended that the U.S. will also benefit greatly from (a) a federally-guaranteed rate
for unlimited self-generated electricity and (b) an upgraded smart grid as recommended by Al Gore[11].
2) Initiate a federal program for the installation of piezoelectric crystal highway electricity
generators for up to 400 kW/km of four-lane highway.
AN ENVIRONMENTALLY friendly road that
positively welcomes heavy traffic may sound
odd, but by placing piezoelectric crystals under
the asphalt that convert vibration into electricity,
Israeli engineers will harvest energy from
passing vehicles. Developer Haim Abramovich
at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in
Haifa says the crystals can produce up to 400
kilowatts from a 1-kilometre stretch of four-lane
highway. His spin-out company, Innowattech,
(Hhttp://www.innowattech.co.il/H) also based in
Haifa, will begin testing the system on a 100-
metre stretch of road in northern Israel
Figure 13 in January, 2009. Installing the technology need
not produce unnecessary greenhouse gases, says Abramovich: "We're advocating that the system be fitted
to roads only during routine maintenance, so there's no extra digging." However, since the power output is
so significant, it is possible to institute a national program for installing piezoelectric crystal asphalt
converters in all new roads as well[12].
3) Spearhead a 100,000 Solar Roof Initiative as Germany has successfully done but now is even
less expensive than ever.
Today, a number of solar PV breakthroughs make solar photovoltaic (PV) panels more accessible than
years ago. In addition to supporting continued research in PV as the
Council for Photovoltaic Research advocates, the new
Administration can jump ahead to implantation on a large scale to
make a dent in the economy with low cost thin-film plastic PV roof
tiles[13]. This is also designed by the Germans to be a “one-two
punch” since the Recommendation #1 above has to be aided by this
Solar Roof Initiative when a majority of the solar power recipients
realize they can produce excess electricity to sell back to the utility
companies for a profit.
Figure 14
4) Federally mandate at least one major classified DOD Black Budget energy or propulsion
invention for declassification each year for the next four years.
With two other “Your Seat at The Table” submissions targeting the a) “Right to
Know” and b) “Disclosure,” it is appropriate to go further to look at the bottom
of the secrecy pile as well as these surface issues (including e.g.,
Hwww.disclosureproject.orgH). By far the largest source of secrecy orders for
technology involve the Pentagon’s Classified Black Budget, which is a one-way
ticket, costing the taxpayer $32 billion dollars (doubled during the Bush years)
that are routinely unaccounted for. The Federation of American Scientists
Hhttp://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/?s=patent+secrecyH ) also notes that this policy
has forced over 5000 patents to be secretized, usually for about fifty (50) years
on the average, which prevents civilians, the economy and the inventors from
Figure 15 ever benefiting from the inventions. It has recently been documented that many
of the secret technical breakthroughs are rewriting the laws of physics for the black world[14]. However,
the civilian scientific population has no access to these developments and instead, the inventor and every
associate of his is normally placed under national security orders not to disclose any detail with threats of
imprisonment, as reported to me by those whose inventions have been classified. Furthermore, there are

11. examples of companies like Boeing, who have applied for declassification of their contracted work for use
on commercial airliners, after developing an improved aviation efficiency invention for the U.S. Air Force,
only to be turned down (Ref: private communication, DOE source). It is recommended that some minimal
type of black world disclosure and accountability be mandated, at least for a single inventive energy or
propulsion line item of declassification each year for civilian use, so that billions of dollars need not be
spent twice to develop the same useful technology[15]. This is also in keeping with the “sundown” rule
suggested by the late Ben Rich from Lockheed’s advanced development division
5) Expand government incentives, tax credits for 160,000 giant off-shore megawatt wind
turbines on the East Coast.
When many groups have simply lobbied for more energy research (e.g., NREL) and Vice President Cheney
desired to install 300 MW coal-burning power plants every week for the next 20 years, the immediate
availability of giant wind turbines has been vastly overlooked in the U.S. Thirty General Electric 10 MW
wind turbines eliminate one polluting coal or natural gas power plant with no need for fuel. However, many
groups oppose the installation of off-shore wind turbines including the Chesapeake community for no other
good reason than a disruption of the “view”. However, in comparison, the more common and
overwhelmingly disturbing sight of high voltage towers and power lines throughout the U.S. landscape has
not created a single protest. It is recommended that federal support to this big, green renewable solution to
the energy crisis will at least solve the East Coast energy needs with a recommended 160,000 offshore
wind turbines[16]. Have a look at U.S. Department of Energy's map of Michigan's wind resources (ranked
by the U.S. government as one of the top 20 states for offshore wind farms[17].
Figure 16 - 500kW to 20MW Turbines on Market
B) Intermediate Term Recommendations
6) Jump-start the recently discovered Algae Biofuel revolution.
Better than the emerging cellulosic biofuel concept and the widely implemented corn-based biofuel, algae
farms are probably the most ideal. Recently a company named Quantum Rabbit
(Hhttp://www.quantumrabbit.com/H) discovered an algae strain which is the most compatible with gasoline in
its molecular make-up. When designed in vertical troughs, algae farms use very little space, become mature
quickly, and are totally renewable. In 2008, the first algae biodiesel plant PetroSun went online with 4
million gallons of algal oil per year. The first Algae Biomass Summit was held in Seattle, October 2008
(Hwww.RenewableEnergyWorld.comH) and HAlgal Biomass OrganizationH (ABO) was formed with the mission
to accelerate the development of the algae industry. A federal endorsement and tax credit by the new
administration in effect would make a gasoline that is renewable and carbon-neutral as opposed to a
polluting limited resource, without the food-chain and processing complications of the biofuel fiasco[18].

12. 7) Introduce X-ray Photo-transmutation of Nuclear Waste onsite to create short half-life waste
that quickly becomes nonradioactive
Today, the electric utility industry is interested in new fission nuclear reactors without addressing the
nuclear waste problem. During a recent panel discussion at the University of Maryland, Admiral Skip
Bowman, President of the Nuclear Energy Institute (Hwww.nei.orgH), tried to convince every one in the
audience, that the total nuclear waste per person in the U.S. is only a small soda can, but to no avail. (He
also departed, perhaps in protest, during my presentation on future energy when I reached the nuclear
power issue, comparing it to a beautiful show dog that still leaves a pile on your lawn.) People still do not
receive any realistic solution to the problem from these nuclear lobbyists. Even the Department of Energy
simply wants to continue to research Accelerated Transmutation of Waste (ATW) that activates the mixed
waste as it transmutes some of it. The DOE also advocates hot waste Yucca Mountain storage. Instead, a
major breakthrough is available by simply operating a tabletop X-ray laser to phototransmute acrylic-
encased mixed waste samples. All of the waste can be transmuted to short-lived half-life isotopes by
operating in the 7 MeV to 10 MeV range exclusively, as discovered by the late Paul M. Brown (Ref: Proc.
of COFE, IRI Pub., 1999). Europeans are very excited about this processing discovery and it can be
implemented on-site at every nuclear reactor facility to produce Class C shallow burial waste that has no
dangerous radioactivity. It is recommended that X-ray Phototransmutation (with gamma radiation similar
to that now used to irradiate food) should be implemented for onsite treatment of waste for every nuclear
reactor and for Yucca Mountain as well, as a “pre-treatment,” so that the waste stored there will not
endanger future generations at all[19].
8) Give the green light to a NASA program for Space Solar Power (SSP) with a single satellite
SSP feasibility program.
Many have heard of the popular Space
Solar Power (SSP) project originally
proposed by Gerard O’Neill from MIT
twenty years ago. The biggest advantage is
the ten-times (10x) improvement in the
performance of any PV solar cell without
the losses introduced by the atmosphere on
sunlight. In other words, instead of only 100
Watts per square meter on the ground for the
average solar PV conversion rate on an
intermittent basis, we can expect 1,300
Watts (1.3 kW) per square meter in space.
Today even the Pentagon has endorsed the
concept for national security reasons and Ha
2-minute video of demoH is online which
features many experts that explain the
advantages. We note that SSP Figure 17
offers many stabilizing, round-the-clock features that solve the intermittent nature of other renewable
energy on the earth. IRI recommends that a single prototype should be funded by the incoming
Administration to prove the feasibility and robust nature of the process. SSP is the only energy technology
with the capability for replacing all of the electricity generation in the U.S. in a relatively short time. A test
satellite should be the number one priority for NASA as part of the new administration’s Comprehensive
National Energy Initiative[20].
9) Expand Government-funded research and field installation trials for the biggest land-based
U.S. energy reserve that is non-interruptible: geothermal energy.
Currently, the U.S. is the world’s biggest producer of geothermal energy. However, an amazing MIT study
(Ref: The Future of Geothermal Energy, MIT, January, 2007) recently exposed a veritable U.S. gold mine.
The study found that geothermal energy needs to be a major energy program in this country. It found that
geothermal energy was a largely untapped resource. The advantages are that no fuel is required, it works
day and night offering an uninterruptible source of electric power. Furthermore, geothermal resources are
available nationwide with no major environmental impact issues except for meeting its water requirements.
Sites that are now in use include California, Hawaii, Utah and Nevada. It is recommended that the major oil
and natural gas companies should be encouraged to diversify into this industry with federal incentives,

13. since the drilling and reservoir technologies are similar to that used for extracting oil and gas. It is further
recommended that the shallow, extra-hot, high-grade deposits in the West should be explored and tapped
first for commercial electric power generation[21].
10) Offer policy and tax initiatives for new car designs that include the all-electric car,
magnetic gradient car, and TheAirCar.com
While plug-in hybrids are the center of attention with tax incentives and rebates proposed by the new
Administration, it is our recommendation that all-electric cars and compressed air cars also deserve equal
attention and benefits. Hybrids only offer reduced emission of greenhouse gases while all-electric and the
Air Car (Hwww.TheAirCar.comH) have zero emissions and the potential for high green rating when electricity
generation evolves into a green industry as well. We predict that the all-electric, all-magnetic[22] and the
compressed air car are the future of the automotive industry in the Intermediate time frame and it is good
for the U.S. to prepare the favorable legislation that will support their emergence into the mainstream
markets[23]. Perhaps GM will get the message too.
11) Initiate enforcement of the Code of Federal Regulations (37 CFR 1.91) that provide for
patent examiners and supervisors to request a working model demonstration at the
USPTO “for any purpose in examination of an application” to vastly improve the validity
of the flood of issued patents.
The following comments only represent my personal opinion and do not reflect present U.S. government
policy or viewpoints.
The issuance of patents is essential for the development and marketing of any invention. Today the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issues more patents per year than ever before. Most people presume
that the USPTO is doing the best possible job to ensure that only viable and valid patents are issued in this
country, including those dealing with energy inventions. The statistics show that about 50% of all patent
applications (which increase every year) end up in a patent, with both pre-appeal and appeal review
meetings designed to repeatedly discourage the examiner from fighting an appealed patent application.
However, the process of evaluating, examining and allowing the patentability of new applications
throughout the USPTO exclusively relies upon crude line drawings. Actual reduction to practice is not
enforced since “constructive” reduction to practice is also equally acceptable by the USPTO. The result is
that every patent examiner compromises any question of operability to a level of “possibility” and then half
of the time allows the application, never requiring a working model. In my experience, every request for a
working model is denied by the management with excuses like, “There is no facility except for NIST to test
a working model.” As a result many patents, including energy patents, are issued without any possibility of
them ever working or having utility. It is recommended that the CFR-mandated rules be given new life and
enforcement with a specific policy and oversight for directing the USPTO toward clear implementation and
evaluation of any examiner-initiated requests for working models. A new administration directive should
encourage patent examiners to require working models whenever the operability is in doubt so that the
manual will no longer have unenforced, empty words like: “It is presumed that the witnessing of the
demonstration or the reviewing of the exhibit is actually essential in the developing and clarifying of the
issues involved in the application” (Ref: Manual of Patent Examination Prosecution, 713.08).
C) Long Term Recommendations
12) Supersize the Solar Revolution Project at MIT
Now that the federally-funded Solar Revolution Project has achieved the wildest expectations: artificial
photosynthesis. MIT has reproduced the photosynthesis process of plants for the first time and it is time to
give it the upgrade in federal funding that it deserves. Another possibility that chief investigator Nocera is
investigating is whether his catalyst can be used to split seawater. In initial tests, it performs well in the
presence of salt, and he is now testing it to see how it handles other compounds found in the sea. If it
works, Nocera's system could address more than just the energy crisis; it could help solve the world's
growing shortage of fresh water as well[24].

14. 13) Diversify the present single-track federal nuclear fusion program to include equal
footing and funding for a Portfolio of Fusion Options.
In 2003, the father of the U.S fusion program, energy expert Robert L. Hirsch, who also was the original
director of the USDOE fusion department was fired from Rand Corp. on the recommendation of the
USDOE for writing a 2050 Report that stated, U.S. “fusion research is on the wrong track” and as he told
me when I called him, “will never become commercially viable” (Ref: H“Report Generates Negative
Energy”, Washington Post, Tuesday, March 18, 2003; Page A27H). The Rand Corp. then rewrote the report
to the USDOE liking, giving praise to its fusion program and submitted it to their client. Today, the
USDOE still exclusively supports “magnetic confinement” fusion research, even though Sandia Lab
reported success in 2003 with the Z-pinch fusion approach (Ref: Nature 422, 549 (2003);
doi:10.1038/422549b April 10, 2003) and the Navy Research Lab in DC released a Hreport in 2003H declaring
success with 6 out of 8 cold fusion experiments (Ref: New Scientist vol. 177 issue 2388 - 29 March 2003,
page 36). Many other successful fusion experiments also have been undergoing R&D for years without
federal funding and with only limited private funding. Upon close inspection, these inventions have less
speculation, more commercialization potential and lower cost that the USDOE favorite, magnetic
confinement (i.e., Tokamak and ITER). Furthermore, these alternative nuclear fusion projects such as
Hproton-boron (p-B11) focus fusionH (4x magnetic confinement fusion energy and designed for electricity
production) researched by Dr. George Miley at the HUniversity of Illinois Fusion LabH, deserve more major
funding up to the level of equal funding as the magnetic confinement boondoggle. It is recommended that
the USDOE adopt a Portfolio of Fusion Options including Reversed Field Pinches, Z-Pinches, Spherical
Tokamaks/Electric Tokamaks, Field Reversed Configurations, Stellerators, Magnetized Target Fusion,
Spheromak, Laser-Driven Inertial Fusion, Heavy-Ion Fusion, Cold Fusion, Focus Fusion, and Electrostatic
Confinement (invented by Philo Farnsworth and tested at the University of Maryland), all of which have
peer-reviewed journal articles published and major laboratory endorsements[25].
14) Endorse and fund the Planktos Science field trials of ocean seeding of plankton blooms
to sequester millions of tons of carbon dioxide to slow global warming in the interim
while renewables are ramping up.
When carbon dioxide (CO2)
levels start becoming
intolerable because of
correlated and linked
temperature and sea level
rising, only one time-tested
process has already been
proven to provide short-term
relief of atmospheric CO2 in
the range of millions of tons
and scalable to billions of tons
of CO2 sequestration: plankton
bloom stimulation (see satellite
images of resulting ocean
Figure 18 algae blooms to left). However,
every major media (Scientific American, Time, New Scientist, IEEE Spectrum, Popular Science, Harvard
Business, etc.) discredited the iron seeding process for no apparent reason, even though the Planktos startup
replicated a natural process that stimulates plankton growth in the oceans on the order of 50 tonnes of
micro-nutrient iron rich dust (a tenth of the estimated 500 tonnes blown into the ocean from North Africa
per year). It is recommended that since no other process has been tested to work on such a large scale and
since the HPlanktos ScienceH ocean seeding has proven to cause plankton blooms from satellite images and a
recent Nature magazine report[26], a federally-sponsored program should be instituted to move it to the
next stage of acceptability and implementation, in order to slow the massive increase in CO2 that is
relentless as it is surpassing 400 ppm on its way to 1000 ppm where cognitive impairment will be result
from breathing outdoor air[27].

15. 15) Support R&D in Advanced Energy Concepts such as permanent magnet gradient
motors, zero point energy diode converters, electrokinetic impulse force propulsion, etc.
Integrity Research Institute engages in scientific integrity research and supports a limited range of Henergy
research projectsH in energy, propulsion and bioenergetics. Some of the notable projects have been the
subject of books, reports, DVDs, and journal articles. While the electric gradient, thermal gradient, and
gravity gradient are very familiar for energy conversion in producing energy, the magnetic gradient has
been largely unexplored. Therefore, journal articles have been published by IRI on a Spiral Magnetic Motor
based on the magnetic gradient concept (see Ref. 22). Another example is zero point energy. It is the
energy that keeps the electron levels away from the nucleus and what keeps liquid helium liquid, even at
microdegrees of absolute zero. Journal articles abound and methods for using the Casimir force to perform
useful work exist[28]. However, research is not ongoing in this field anywhere in the U.S. government,
despite its well-established U.S. patent and journal article basis. Energy production from rectification of
zero point and thermal energy has also been proposed in a conference proceeding article using "zero bias"
diodes for rectifying ZPE quantum noise, which will form the basis for these converters of the near
future[29]. Electrokinetics is another neglected force-production invention for which technical details have
been published in an HAIAA paperH and HbookH to help document its development. It is recommended that a
USDOE Office for Advanced Concepts be established to explore, catalog and fund research in advanced
energy inventions much like the defunct Office of Technological Assessment used to do.
CONCLUSION
Future energy choices are already here. In spite of the DOE lack of initiative in long range energy
solutions, private inventors in this article have pioneered energy discoveries with a range of energy
production possibilities. With Dr. Graneau’s cold fog demonstrating a new energy source and a possible
propulsion source, developmental efforts are ongoing with Hathaway Labs in Toronto to maximize the
energy transfer to a useful machine for market. Dr. Brown’s tritium battery is a milestone for long-term
energy demand that is in production, while his nuclear remediation project is progressing rapidly. Dr.
Jefimenko’s electrostatic motors clearly demonstrate an available energy source yet untapped. Wallman’s
biomass gasification is ready to be developed on a large scale. Shoulder’s charge clusters demonstrate
extraordinary energy production on a microscopic scale with reasonable upscaling anticipated. Dr. Miley’s
electrolytic power unit also shows an extraordinary energy output, which deserves more research and
development support. Other inventors that meet the future energy criteria include James Griggs, the
inventor of the hydrosonic pump (Pat. #5,385,298), which represents an overunity “apparatus for heating
fluids” that even exhibits sonoluminescence (now marketed by HydroDynamics in Rome, Georgia). Dr.
Paulo Correa also qualifies with his pulsed abnormal glow discharge (PAGD) energy conversion
system[30]. It is our belief that all of these inventions have the qualifications to be acceptable to energy
futures. Also, theoretically and experimentally, there is growing support for a breakthrough in zero point
energy conversion[31], which is the subject of a great number of breakthrough journal articles assembled
into a review book[32]. It is generally agreed that a more robust energy development effort is required to
help us make the transition from dangerous fossil fuels to a carbonless future. A more stable, long-term
green energy future is possible with new energy sources like those discussed in this article.
REFERENCES
1) Comprehensive National Energy Strategy, U.S. Dept. of Energy, April, 1998, DOE/S-0124, (National
Energy Policy Plan) available at http://www.hr.doe.gov/nesp/cnes.html
Also see Energy Crisis: The Failure of the CNES, published by Integrity Research Institute, also
republished as Clinton’s Energy Plan: An Independent Study of the CNES, ISBN 978-1-935023-37-1
www.integrity-research.org, 1999
2) State of the World 1999, Brown, Flavin, and French, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1999
3) Hathaway, Graneau, and Graneau, “Solar-Energy Liberation from Water by Electric Arcs”, J. Plasma
Physics, Vol. 60, Part 4, p. 775-86. (Alternatively, see COFE 104 video from Lightworks and COFE
CD-Proceedings also on CD-ROM.)
4) Brown, Paul, “Betavoltaic Batteries” and “Effective Radioactive Waste Remediation,” Proceedings of
the First International Conference on Future Energy, (Proceedings of COFE), p. 19 & 123, Integrity

16. Research Institute, 1999, ISBN 978-0-9641070-3-8. Also see Ledinham et al., Laser-Driven Photo-
Transmutation of 129
I – a Long-Lived Nuclear Waste Product, J. Phys. D: App. Phys. 36 L79-L82,
2003, doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/3618L01
5) Jefimenko, Oleg, “Electrostatic Energy Resources, Electrostatic Generators, and Electrostatic Motors,”
Proceedings of COFE, p. 195
6) Jefimenko, Oleg, Electrostatic Motors, Electret Scientific Co., Star City, WV, 1973
7) Wallman, David, “Carbon Arc Gasification of Biomass Solutions,” (See COFE 104 video from
Lightworks or COFE CD-Proceedings on CD-ROM or hard copy, Proceedings of COFE, p. 30. (1350
Northface Ct., Colorado Springs, CO 80919)
8) Shoulders, Ken and Steve, “Charge Clusters in Action,” See COFE 101 VHS video from Lightworks
and COFE CD-Proceedings or hardcopy Proceedings of COFE, p. 7. Also see Infinite Energy,
“Charge Clusters in Operation,” Jan-Feb, 1997, p.62. Note: DARPA has expressed high interest in this
process for years. Textbooks also now describe the process (see p. 282-3, Turning the Corner: Energy
Solutions for the 21st
Century by Alternative Energy Institute, 2001, Tahoe City, CA).
9) Miley, George, “Emerging Physics for a Breakthrough Thin-Film Electrolytic Cell Power Unit”, AIP
Conference Proceedings #458, STAIF 1999, p.1227-31. Reproduced with permission in Proceedings
of COFE, p.140.
10) Valone, Thomas, Energy Policy Recommendations: Toward a Comprehensive National Energy
Initiative, Integrity Research Institute, ISBN 978-1-935023-48-7, First Edition, 2009
11) Fred Pearce, 21 May 2008, New Scientist,
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg19826572.000-interview-bring-on-the-solar-
revolution.html
12) 10 December 2008, New Scientist issue 2685, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026856.100-
crystal-road-harnesses-power-of-passing-cars.html
13) Associated Press, March 08, 2007, http://www.technologyreview.com/Wire/18298/
14) LaViolette, Paul. Secrets of Antigravity Propulsion, Bear & Company, Rochester, 2008, p. 115
15) Thomas Valone, reprinted from the book, The Future of Energy, An Emerging Science, Integrity
Research Institute, ISBN 978-1-935023-01-2, 2009
16) Thompson, Andrea, LiveScience Staff Writer, 14 February 2007, Offshore Wind Farm Could Blow
Away Energy Needs,
http://www.livescience.com/environment/070214_wind_farm.html
17) http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=MI .The European Wind Energy
Association also forecasts rapid growth over the next decade
(http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/images/publications/offshore_report/ewea-
offshore_report.pdf ) in Europe where the economic incentives are better.
18) Cornell, Clayton, First Algae Biodiesel Plant Goes Online, March 29, 2008,
http://gas2.org/2008/03/29/first-algae-biodiesel-plant-goes-online-april-1-2008/
19) Salomaa et al., Laser-Enhanced Radioactive Decay And Selective Transmutation Of Nuclei Revisited,
2007, Elsevier Publishers,
http://www.icenes2007.org/icenes_proceedings/manuscripts.pdf/Session%2011/LASER%20ENHANC
ED.pdf . Also see Ledingham et al., J. Phys. D: App. Phys. 36 (2003) L79,
www.iop.org/EJ/article/0022-3727/36/18/L01/d3_18_L01.pdf
20) National Space Society, Ad Astra, Vol. 20, No. 1, Spring, 2008,
http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/index.htm, Featuring a Special Report on Space-Based Solar Power,
[1.5 MB PDF] http://www.nss.org/adastra/AdAstra-SBSP-2008.pdf
21) MIT-Led Panel Backs ‘Heat Mining’ as Key U.S. Energy Source, January 22, 2007
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/geothermal.html. Also see New Scientist Print Edition,
http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19325883.000-hot-clean-power-under-our-feet-
.html, 27 January 2007, Issue 2588, page 4
22) Valone, Thomas, Proposed permanent magnet spiral motor for magnetic gradient energy utilization,
Proceedings of the Space, Propulsion, Energy Sciences International Forum (SPESIF), Feb. 23-26,
2010, Johns Hopkins University and American Institute of Physics
23) Sullivan, Matt, Popular Mechanics, February 22, 2008,
http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4251491.html
24) Bullis, Kevin, Sun+Water= Fuel, Catalysts Created by an MIT Chemist, Technology Review, Nov/Dec,
2008, http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/21536/?nlid=1462

17. 25) Valone, Thomas, FUSION BREAKTHROUGHS IN PHYSICS KEY TO FUTURE ENERGY
SECURITY: A BILLION DEGREES ON EARTH, Newsletter of INTEGRITY RESEARCH
INSTITUTE, Spring, 2003 VOL. 1 No. 4 http://www.integrityresearchinstitute.org/IRINews.html.
Also see excellent fusion analysis by Charles Arthur, The Register UK, Posted in Science, 6th July
2005 http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/06/nuclear_fusion/ and
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/04/28/desktop_nuclear_fusion/
26) Fehrenbacher, Katie, Planktos is Back and This Time It’s Got Science, Earth2Tech,
http://earth2tech.com/2008/07/07/planktos-is-back-and-this-time-its-got-science/ . Also see sample of
media discrediting of Planktos: http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-07/carbon-discredit
and see outcome: Marshall, Michael, Geoengineering with iron might work after all, New Scientist,
July 18, 2012. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528744-100-geoengineering-with-iron-
might-work-after-all/
27) Chao, Julie, Berkeley Lab News Center, Oct. 27, 2012, Elevated indoor carbon dioxide impairs
decision-making performance, http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2012/10/17/elevated-indoor-carbon-dioxide-
impairs-decision-making-performance/ . Also see Satish et al., Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct
Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance, Environ.
Health Perscpect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1104789, http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1104789/
28) Valone, Thomas, Zero Point Energy: The Fuel of the Future, Integrity Research Institute, ISBN 978-0-
9641070-2-1, Third Edition, 2009
29) Valone, Thomas, Proposed use of zero bias diode arrays as thermal electric noise rectifiers and non-
thermal energy harvesters, Proceedings of the Space, Propulsion, Energy Sciences International Forum
(SPESIF), Feb. 24, 2009, Johns Hopkins University and American Institute of Physics
30) Correa, Paulo, “Excess Energy Conversion System Utilizing Autogenous Pulsed Abnormal Glow
Discharge,” Proceedings of COFE, p. 150 (Labofex Laboratory, 42 Rockview Gardens, Concord,
Ontario L4K 2J6) email: lambdac@globalserve.net
31) Valone, Thomas, “Understanding Zero Point Energy,” See COFE 106 video from Lightworks and
COFE CD-Proceedings on CD-ROM or hard copy, Proceedings of COFE, 1999, p. 58 or lecture video
on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSFqXdA4ej0
32) Valone, Thomas, Practical Conversion of Zero Point Energy: Feasibility Study of the Extraction of
Zero Point Energy from the Quantum Vacuum for the Performance of Useful Work, Integrity Research
Institute, ISBN 978-0-9641070-8-3, Fourth Edition, 2009.