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1. The Circulatory System Essay
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system in anatomy and physiology is the course taken by the blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins and back to the heart. In
humans and the higher vertebrates, the heart is made up of four chambers the right and left auricles, or atria, and the right and left ventricles. The right
side of the heart pumps oxygen–poor blood from the cells of the body back to the lungs for new oxygen; the left side of the heart receives blood rich
in oxygen from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries to the various parts of the body. Circulation begins early in fetal life. It is estimated that a
given portion of the blood completes its course of circulation in...show more content...
The veins, in turn, unite with each other to form larger veins until the blood is finally collected into the superior and inferior venae cavae from which it
goes to the heart, completing the circuit.
In addition to the pulmonary and systemic circulations described above, a subsidiary to the venous system exists, known as portal circulation. A
certain amount of blood from the intestine is collected into the portal vein and carried to the liver. There it enters into the open spaces called
sinusoids, where it comes into direct contact with the liver cells. In the liver important changes occur in the blood, which is carrying the products of
the digestion of food recently absorbed through the intestinal capillaries. The blood is collected a second time into veins, where it again joins the
general circulation through the right auricle. In its passage through other organs, the blood is further modified. Coronary circulation is the means by
which the heart tissues themselves are supplied with nutrients and oxygen and are freed of wastes. Just beyond the semilunar valves, two coronary
arteries branch from the aorta. These then break up into an elaborate capillary network in the heart muscle and valve tissue.
Blood from the coronary capillary circulation enters several small veins, which then enter directly into the right auricle without first passing into the
vena cava. The action
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2. The Circulatory System Essays
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is almost the most important system of all of the different body systems because it supplies the body with the blood and
nutrients it needs to function properly and maintain life and movement. The heart is a muscular organ that lies behind the ribcage and between the
lungs and is a pump that keeps this transport system moving. Normally a person's heart is as big as their fist while it is clenched; the heart is made up of
thick muscly walls and is divided into two separate pumps.
The heart is about the size of your clenched fist, it has thick muscular walls and is divided into two separate pumps and each of these pumps has two
more chambers....show more content...
Blood then leaves the left side of the heart and travels through arteries which gradually divide up into capillaries, in the capillaries, food, oxygen and
nutrients are released to the body cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste products are returned to the bloodstream. The blood then travels in veins
back to the right side of the heart, and the whole circuit begins again.
The Circulatory System is the main transportation and cooling system for the body, the Red Blood Cells carry all sorts of nutrients and oxygen
that are needed by all the cells in the body, every cell in the body requires oxygen to keep living. Besides Red Blood Cells, there are also White
Blood Cells that move in the circulatory system. White Blood Cells clean the whole of the circulatory system so it doesn't get invaded by diseases
also known as pathogens, anytime we have a cold or cut the White Blood Cells get to work. The Circulatory System consists off a lot of veins and
arteries which make sure and only pump the blood one way, the veins are used to carry blood into the heart and the arteries carry blood away from
the heart, often the blood that is in the veins is the blood that has already delivered its oxygen and nutrients have the cells. This blood is called
deoxygenated and is dark
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3. Circulatory System Essay
Circulatory System
A simple definition for the circulatory system would be that it is the main transportation and cooling system for the body. Red Blood Cells have an
important job in this system in that they carry all sorts of packages that are needed by all the cells in the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen and
nutrients to the cells, which is needed in order for cells to survive. Besides red blood cells there are also White Blood Cells moving in the circulatory
system. White Blood Cells can be considered as the paramedics, police and street cleaners of the circulatory system. Anytime we have a cold, a cut,
or an infection the white blood cells go to work. From research I also came to find out that white blood cells also help cuts or...show more content...
Blood enters the right side of the heart through a chamber called the Right Atrium. Atrium is another word for an 'entry room.' Since the right atrium
is located above the Right Ventricle, a combination of gravity and an easy squeeze pushes the blood though the Tricuspid Valve into the right
ventricle. The tricuspid valve is a valve made up of three 'leaflets' that allows blood to go from top to bottom in the heart but closes to prevent the
blood from backing up into the right atrium when the right ventricle squeezes. After the blood is in the right ventricle, the right ventricle begins its
contraction to push the blood out toward the lungs. The blood then leaves the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary artery. This artery and its two
branches are the only arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood.
When the blood leaves the pulmonary arteries it enters capillaries in the lungs. Capillaries are very, very small blood vessels that act as the connectors
between veins and arteries. The capillaries in the lungs are very special because they are located against the alveoli or air sacks. When blood in the
capillaries goes past the air sacks, red blood cells pick up oxygen. Capillaries are so small, in some places, that only one red blood cell at a time can get
through. When the blood has picked up its oxygen, it enters some blood vessels known as the cardiac veins. This is fully oxygenated blood and it is
now in veins. The cardiac veins
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4. The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system in anatomy and physiology is the course taken by the blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins and back to the heart. In
humans and the higher vertebrates, the heart is made up of four chambers the right and left auricles, or atria, and the right and left ventricles. The right
side of the heart pumps oxygen–poor blood from the cells of the body back to the lungs for new oxygen; the left side of the heart receives blood rich
in oxygen from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries to the various parts of the body. Circulation begins early in fetal life. It is estimated that a
given portion of the blood completes its course of circulation in approximately 30 seconds. Pulmonary...show more content...
This action is sudden and occurs almost simultaneously in both auricles. The mass of blood in the veins makes it impossible for any blood to flow
backward. The force of blood flowing into the ventricles is not powerful enough to open the semilunar valves, but it distends the ventricles, which are
still in a condition of relaxation. The tricuspid and mitral valves open with the blood current and close readily at the beginning of ventricular contraction.
The ventricular systole immediately follows the auricular systole. The ventricular contraction is slower, but far more forcible then the ventricular
chambers are virtually emptied at each systole. The apex of the heart is thrown forward and upward with a slight rotary motion then this impulse,
called the apex beat, can be detected between the fifth and sixth ribs. The heart is entirely at rest for a short time after the ventricular systole occurs.
The entire cycle can be divided into three periods then in the first, the auricles contract and in the second, the ventricles contract; in the third, both the
auricles and the ventricles remain at rest. In humans, with a normal heart rate of approximately 72 heartbeats per minute, the cardiac cycle has a
duration of about 0.8 second. Auricular systole requires about 0.1 second; ventricular systole occupies
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5. The Circulatory System
Circulatory – An acute response in relation to the circulatory system would be an increase in stoke volume. An increased stroke volume allows oxygen
demand by the muscles to be met by oxygen supplier through bigger heart contractions.
Respiratory – Is the exchange of gases, which occurs at the alveolar–capillary membrane as the blood becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart
and being circulated towards the muscles. A larger volume ofoxygen can be diffused into the blood stream because the number of alveoli increases
giving more surface area for gas exchange.
Muscular – Focuses on
skeletal muscles and its relationship to movement and energy production. To adapt to the new level of workload increase
motor unit recruitment is required...show more content...
OBLA was reached through running at rate of 4.5 m/s before pre season. Coaches can evaluate their training methods to improve the individual
performance of the athlete, enhancing further endurance.
Effectively, the test conducted showed that the athlete improved their overall speed, the original reached OBLA of 4.5mmol/L changed to a greater
5.5 m/s. Thus, concluding that the training was effective. The removal of lactic acid from the muscle in the body is the aerobic capacity. The ability to
remove lactic acid from the muscle is so beneficial because removing lactate helps reduce the acidity of the muscle, which delays fatigue. The athlete
has shown vast improvement in his training. The athlete was able to maintain 6 mmol/L before the trend in the graph rapidly increased to 9 mmol/L
when running at 6.5m/s.
This reflects that the athlete uses the oxygen energy systems more efficiently, thus enhancing better results leading to better performances. An athlete
will be better off if he/she lactate threshold is increased. Lactate build up in the muscles cause fatigue to the player and can account for mistakes and
poor decision making. However, through lactate tolerance training the performer can maximise their ability in touch physically and
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6. The Cardiovascular System Essay
The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body
contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and
capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than
arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste
carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.
Blood actually has multiple...show more content...
Blood has many functions and is a complex structure of cells and fluid. It helps fight bacteria, protect the body from infection, carry valuable sources of
minerals and nutrients around the body, dispose of waste materials, keeps the body temperature regulated and helps with glandular distribution of
hormones and enzymes.
Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a
human fist, the heart is a four–chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary
circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac–like outer
covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart
muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium.
It's lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body's in–built
pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous
system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is
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7. The Circulatory System
The circulatory system consists of blood contained in a network of vessels called the vascular system. The above figure is a schematic of the human
circulatory system, the heart pumps oxygenated blood from the left side to different parts of the body and returns back to the right side of the heart
making a closed loop, this loop is called the systemic circuit. The blood from the heart is pumped into large muscular arteries from which it moves into
smaller arteries and finally into the areole from which it is transported into the capillaries across which exchange of gases and nutrients through
diffusion takes place
The compartmentalization technique to simulate multi organ function and response
The idea of compartmentalization is derived from the study of the cell organelles in an eukaryotic cell where each cell and its organelles are
surrounded by a porous membrane that separated it from other components in its vicinity; the incorporation of this approach allows isolation of
constraints and physical parameters to accurately define the micro habitat of these cells. Modern micro fabrication techniques can develop and control
the characteristic features of the barrier separating different compartments. This results in a more accurate and relevant model of the human organ
system where a group of cells forming tissues are contained in environments with well–defined parameters interact with each other to produce organ
like function. These compartments de3veloped by micro
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8. Circulatory System
Circulatory system comprises of two main systems. One is cardio vascular system and the other is lymphatic system. The lymphatic system comprises
of a fluid known as lymph that circulates within lymphatic nodes, vessels, organs and tissues. Cardiovascular system is also known as vascular system
or circulatory system. It functions to circulate blood through out the body and to supply nutrients to maintain homeostasis. The circulated blood
transport nutrients and electrolytes for example oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones to meet the requirements of the body.
Blood is a fluid comprising of two major portions. One is plasma and other is cell. Cells include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It
provides required ingredients to different organs of body and remove waste materials from it. Vertebrates have a closed system which means that the
blood circulates within arteries, veins and capillaries. The study of blood flow is known as haemodynamic and the process of flow of blood within
...show more content...
Smoking, diet and living habits can also affect this system in either one way or the other.
Cardio vascular system is a main regulatory system important for all organs of the body.Heart is the main centre of this system that helps in over all
monitoring and functioning. The other parts include blood vessels and approximately 5 litres of blood that is available for transport through blood
vessels. Circulatory system experience either cardio vascular diseases or lymphatic diseases. Any abnormality to this system can cause serious
harmful effects to other body systems. This system shows some abnormalities that are known as cardio vascular diseases. Such diseases are sometimes
called as lifestyle diseases because these mostly occur depending on person age, diet and socio economical living
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