What Makes You Happy

of 13
Psyc-E1900
Start of Block: Default Question Block
Q35
This survey should take about 5 minutes. Your answers are
anonymous, but if there are any
questions you don't feel comfortable answering, simply skip
them.
ImaginaryFriend
Did you have an imaginary friend as a kid?
o Yes (1)
o Maybe (0)
o No (-1)
Display This Question:

If Did you have an imaginary friend as a kid? = Yes
ImaginaryFriendAge
How old were you when you stopped having an imaginary
friend?
_____________________________________________________
___________
Page 2 of 13
Ghosts
How much do you agree with the following statement?
"Ghosts are real."
o Strongly agree (1)
o Agree (2)
o Somewhat agree (3)
o Neither agree nor disagree (4)
o Somewhat disagree (5)
o Disagree (6)
o Strongly disagree (7)

God
"There is a god."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)
Page 3 of 13
UFO
"Extraterrestrial aliens have already visited earth."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)

SETI
"It is likely that there is life in the universe besides planet
Earth."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)
Page 4 of 13
GMOs
"GMOs are dangerous and need to be banned."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)

MoreAttractive
Thinking of 100 people your same sex and age, how many of
them do you think you are more
attractive than?
_____________________________________________________
___________
Page 5 of 13
AttractiveConfident
On a scale of 1-7, how confident are you regarding your
response to the previous question?
(You indicated you were more attractive than
${MoreAttractive/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
people of your same sex and age.)
o 1 - Not at all Confident (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 - Moderately Confident (4)
o 5 (5)

o 6 (6)
o 7 - Completely Confident (7)
Stronger
them do you think you are
stronger than?
_____________________________________________________
___________
Page 6 of 13
StrongerConfident
response to the previous
question? (You indicated you were stronger than
${Stronger/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)

o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
Smarter
smarter than?
_____________________________________________________
___________
Page 7 of 13
SmarterConfident
question? (You indicated you were smarter than
${Smarter/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)

o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
HogwartsHouse
What's your Hogwarts house (be honest)?
o Ravenclaw (1)
o Hufflepuff (2)
o Gryffendor (3)
o Slytherin (4)
o What's a Hogwarts house? (5)
Page 8 of 13
Computer
What are you?
o Mac (1)
o PC (2)
o Other (3)

Phone
What are you?
o Iphone (1)
o Android (2)
o Other (3)
o None - I roll phoneless (4)
Page 9 of 13
nastyFood
Which of these foods is the nastiest?
o Eggs (1)
o Celery (2)
o Anchovies (3)
o Mayonnaise (4)
o Brussel Sprouts (5)
o Blue Cheese (6)
o Liver (7)
o Mushrooms (8)
o Cilantro (9)

Superpower
What super power would you most want?
o Telepathy (1)
o Teleportation (2)
o Invisibility (3)
o Mind Control (4)
o Healing (5)
o Flying (6)
o Super Strength (7)
Page 10 of 13
Age
How old are you (in years)
_____________________________________________________
___________
Raised
Where were you raised?

o The Northeast (New England & Mid-Atlantic) (1)
o The South (2)
o The Mid-West / Central US (3)
o The West (Pacific & Northwest) (4)
o The South West (5)
o Outside the US (6)
Page 11 of 13
Religious
On a 1 to 7 scale, 1 means 'not at all' and 7 means 'extremely',
how religious are you?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)
Conservative
how much do you identify as a

political conservative?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)
Page 12 of 13
Liberal
political liberal?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)

PartyID
Which political party do you identify with the most?
o Democratic (1)
o Republican (2)
o Libertarian (3)
o Green (4)
o Independent (5)
o None of the above (6)
Page 13 of 13
BoredOrScared
Which is worse?
o Being bored (1)
o Being scared (2)
Kids
How many children would you like to have?
_____________________________________________________
___________

StudierOrPartier
Be honest, no judgement, which are you:
o Studier (1)
o Partier (2)
End of Block: Default Question Block
10/25/21, 3:39 PM Final Paper
https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/94405/assignments/522576
1/2
Final Paper
Due Dec 12 by 7:59 pm EST Points 15 Submitting a file upload
File Types doc, dox, rtf, and pdf
Final Paper Rubric
Start Assignment
Perform 3 different hypothesis tests using the course dataset and
write a 4-5 page paper, double spaced, reporting the

results. The hypothesis tests can involve the same item
analyzed in different ways (different kinds of tests) or they
could be tests of different items altogether.
Papers should have:
A theoretical introduction. What is the theory? What are the
constructs? How are the constructs operationalized?
What are the predictions?
A full reporting of the results of (at least) the required number
of analyses including descriptive statistics, inferential
statistics, effect sizes, & confidence intervals. Graphs are
optional and not necessary. Do not copy and paste
SPSS output to report statistics; write them out like in the
example 'report your findings' sections given in lecture.
A brief conclusion. How do your results inform your theory?
Suggest next steps.
No joint papers are accepted. You can work together in
discussing your papers, but everyone must turn in their own
paper reflective of their own work.
You do not need to cite external sources if you are not drawing
on anyone else's theory or findings. However, if you
are, you should cite those sources.
Papers do not have to be formatted in strict APA style, but have
sensible and consistent formatting. See the sample
paper for reference.
If you are interested, you can view a Sample Final Paper as an
example
https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/24936/files/329832/downloa
d?wrap=1
https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/94405/files/13447639?wrap=

1
https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/94405/files/13447639/downl
oad?download_frd=1
10/25/21, 3:39 PM Final Paper
https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/94405/assignments/522576
2/2
Total Points: 15
Criteria Ratings Pts
3 pts
3 pts
3 pts
6 pts
First
Hypothesis
Test
3 pts
Test was appropriate for question;
stats reported correctly & completely;
effect described in plain language
2 pts
1
shortcoming
from full
credit

1 pts
2 short
comings
from full
credit
0 pts
No test, or it was inappropriate,
stats not reported correctly AND
effect not described in plain
language
Second
Hypothesis
Test
3 pts
2 pts
1
shortcoming
from full
credit
1 pts
2
shortcomings
from full
credit
0 pts
No test, or it was

inappropriate, stats not
reported correctly AND effect
not described in plain
language
(Third
Hypothesis
Test)
3 pts
2 pts
1
shortcoming
from full
credit
1 pts
2
shortcomings
from full
credit
0 pts
No test, or it was
inappropriate, stats not
reported correctly AND effect
not described in plain
language
Writing in
general

6 pts
Full Marks
Paper
consistently
and clearly
formatted,
writing is
clear, no
spelling or
grammatical
mistakes,
narrative is
coherent
5 pts
1
shortcoming
1 problem
issue from
that list
4 pts
2
shortcomings
2 problem
issues from
that list
3 pts
3
shortcomings
3 problem
issues from
that list
2 pts

4
shortcomings
moderate
issues across
all items
1 pts
5
shortcomings
major issues
across all
items
0 pts
No
Marks
paper
not on
topic
or not
turned
in
Jane Student
Psych 1900
Final Project
What makes you happy?
Common wisdom is full of suggestions about what makes people
happy. From the

Puritan tradition it is suggested that hard work is the secret to a
happy life. A more Bacchanalian
sentiment suggests that all work and no play make Jack a dull
boy, and that rather than work, it is
the direct pursuit of leisure and pleasure that is the not-so-
secret secret to happiness. Recent
psychological and anthropological work has characterized the
human ecology as especially and
complexly social in comparison to the rest of the animal
kingdom, suggesting that part of our
niche may be the cultivation of close friendships to help buffer
the hardships of life (Dunbar,
1998). From this perspective it can be predicted that happiness
may lie in the richness of our
social connections. While these theories are not mutually
incompatible, they do make different
predictions and can thus be independently supported or
contradicted by data.
To test these predictions a paper-and-pencil survey was
administered to 51 Harvard
undergraduates enrolled in an introductory statistics course.
Pursuit of ‘hard work’ was
operationalized as a self-report of the number of hours spent
studying on a weekly basis. The

pursuit of leisure and pleasure was operationalized as the self-
reported number of alcoholic
drinks consumed per week and the number of hours spent
watching television per week. The
two hedonic measures were individually z-transformed and
these transformed values were
averaged within a participant to compute a composite ‘pleasure’
score for each participant.
‘Social ties’ was operationalized as the self-reported number of
friends the participant had.
Finally, ‘happiness’ was operationalized as the endorsement of
the 1-7 Likert scale item “I am
happy in life” anchored at 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly
agree).
No support was found in these data for the Puritan hypothesis.
The relationship
between hours spent studying (M=15.37, SD=10.53) and self-
rated happiness (M=5.94,
SD=0.77) was assessed with a Pearson’s correlation, and no
significant effect was observed. The
number of hours Harvard Undergrads spend studying is not
significantly related to their self-

reported happiness, r(50)=.085, p>.05, two-tailed, 95% CI
[0.36, -0.20].
The Bacchanalian hypothesis was also not supported. To
compare high and low pleasure
groups, the data were split at the median for composite
‘pleasure’ (Me = -0.108). The difference
in happiness between the high pleasure group (M=6.04,
SD=0.68) was not significantly different
than the low pleasure group (M=5.79, SD=0.83), t(47)=1.148,
p>.05, 95% CI [-0.187, 0.683],
d=.33.
No support was found in these data for the social ties
hypothesis, either. The data for
‘social ties’ were dichotomized into low friends (5 or less) and
high friends (6 or more) groups,
and the data for happiness were dichotomized into less happy
(rated 5 or less) and more happy
(rated 6 or more) groups. These data were then analyzed with a
chi-square test of independence,
and no significant relationship between social ties and
happiness was observed, χ2(1,
n=51)=0.22, p>.05. Were a significant effect observed, the size
of the effect would be very
small, =0.065.

The results of this study fail to support three broad theories of
the sources of happiness:
hard work, pleasurable experience, and social connection. It is
possible that other
operationalizations of these variables would have yielded more
positive results, or that a higher
powered study would have revealed true effects that were too
small to observe with this sample.
However, given the present data none of the theories in question
received any support from this
study. What causes happiness remains a mystery.
Works Cited
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1998), The social brain hypothesis. Evol.
Anthropol., 6: 178–190.
Page 1 of 13
Psyc-E1900
Start of Block: Default Question Block

Q35
This survey should take about 5 minutes. Your answers are
anonymous, but if there are any
questions you don't feel comfortable answering, simply skip
them.
ImaginaryFriend
Did you have an imaginary friend as a kid?
o Yes (1)
o Maybe (0)
o No (-1)
Display This Question:
If Did you have an imaginary friend as a kid? = Yes
ImaginaryFriendAge
How old were you when you stopped having an imaginary
friend?
_____________________________________________________
___________

of 13
Ghosts
"Ghosts are real."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)
God
"There is a god."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)

of 13
UFO
"Extraterrestrial aliens have already visited earth."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)
SETI
"It is likely that there is life in the universe besides planet
Earth."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)

Page 4 of 13
GMOs
"GMOs are dangerous and need to be banned."
o Agree (2)
o Disagree (6)
MoreAttractive
them do you think you are more
attractive than?
_____________________________________________________
___________

of 13
AttractiveConfident
response to the previous question?
(You indicated you were more attractive than
${MoreAttractive/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
Stronger
stronger than?
_____________________________________________________
___________

of 13
StrongerConfident
question? (You indicated you were stronger than
${Stronger/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
Smarter
smarter than?
_____________________________________________________

___________
Page 7 of 13
SmarterConfident
question? (You indicated you were smarter than
${Smarter/ChoiceTextEntryValue} of 100
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
HogwartsHouse
What's your Hogwarts house (be honest)?
o Ravenclaw (1)
o Hufflepuff (2)

o Gryffendor (3)
o Slytherin (4)
o What's a Hogwarts house? (5)
Page 8 of 13
Computer
What are you?
o Mac (1)
o PC (2)
o Other (3)
Phone
What are you?
o Iphone (1)
o Android (2)
o Other (3)
o None - I roll phoneless (4)

of 13
nastyFood
Which of these foods is the nastiest?
o Eggs (1)
o Celery (2)
o Anchovies (3)
o Mayonnaise (4)
o Brussel Sprouts (5)
o Blue Cheese (6)
o Liver (7)
o Mushrooms (8)
o Cilantro (9)
Superpower
What super power would you most want?
o Telepathy (1)
o Teleportation (2)
o Invisibility (3)
o Mind Control (4)
o Healing (5)
o Flying (6)
o Super Strength (7)

of 13
Age
How old are you (in years)
_____________________________________________________
___________
Raised
Where were you raised?
o The Northeast (New England & Mid-Atlantic) (1)
o The South (2)
o The Mid-West / Central US (3)
o The West (Pacific & Northwest) (4)
o The South West (5)
o Outside the US (6)

of 13
Religious
how religious are you?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)
Conservative
political conservative?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)

of 13
Liberal
political liberal?
o 1 (1)
o 2 (2)
o 3 (3)
o 4 (4)
o 5 (5)
o 6 (6)
o 7 (7)
PartyID
Which political party do you identify with the most?
o Democratic (1)
o Republican (2)
o Libertarian (3)
o Green (4)
o Independent (5)
o None of the above (6)

of 13
BoredOrScared
Which is worse?
o Being bored (1)
o Being scared (2)
Kids
How many children would you like to have?
_____________________________________________________
___________
StudierOrPartier
Be honest, no judgement, which are you:
o Studier (1)
o Partier (2)
End of Block: Default Question Block

Data Set to UseParticipantDuration (in
seconds)ImaginaryFriendImaginaryFriendAgeGhostsGodUFOSE
TIGMOsMoreAttractiveAttractiveConfidentStrongerStrongerCo
nfidentSmarterSmarterConfidentHogwartsHouseComputerPhone
nastyFoodSuperpowerAgeRaisedReligiousConservativeLiberalP
artyIDBoredOrScaredKidsStudierOrPartier11701777627754122
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11133450660580641165306662220133121163175150430430351
12539674462214327-
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132311126121211433-
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17772780450475552174415177321114768-
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16142412126152116187042712801504204211273363161221171
068-
16622475520185411172446135120118172173421560480490442
192332216113119921-14164704704114544642624220400-
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16342785360498652225416334610166214-
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16741481427481432295371144612268180110343271023045045
2262254225510169586-
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1122386217411178342-
13442690480470351162356215622179451051532806906906111
71496425623180298112712168059069063127224632651118140
5-
12242515750470431171555226121822590627345047046044215
53725542231832940333237545047543117442111552018443711
34163480360365411175392542520185241112311041044113426
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330-144421557506577321754061161121116275-
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1373170106504111752611165201

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