4. • What Is Maps?
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships
between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or
themes.
5. • What Is Maps?
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships
between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or
themes.
But Why?
6. • That’s Why We Use It!
In most cases to help us plan a particular activity.
10. • Human Genome Project
In April 2003, researchers successfully completed the Human Genome
Project, under budget and more than two years ahead of schedule.
There are between 30,000 and 40,000 genes in the human genome.
The Human Genome Project has already fueled the discovery of more than
1,800 disease genes.
There are now more than 2,000 genetic tests for human conditions. These
tests enable patients to learn their genetic risks for disease and also help
healthcare professionals to diagnose disease.
As a result of the Human Genome Project, today’s researchers can find a
gene suspected of causing an inherited disease in a matter of days, rather
than the years it took before the genome sequence was in hand.
At least 350 biotechnology-based products resulting from the Human
Genome Project are currently in clinical trials.
15. Gene maps help describe
the spatial arrangement of
genes on a chromosome.
Genes are designated to a
specific location on a
chromosome known as the
locus and can be used as
molecular markers to find the
distance between other
on a chromosome.
16. • Genetic Map (Genetic-Linkage Mapping):
Traits that are inherited together most often are probably influenced by
genes that are close to each other on a chromosome. On the other
hand, traits that are inherited together less often are probably
influenced by genes that are farther apart.
By following several traits through generations and recording how
often recombinants occur, one can map the relative position of
corresponding genes.
Today, scientists make genetic-linkage maps by tracing the inheritance
of certain DNA sequences. These sequence variations, or
polymorphisms, make up many of the landmarks on modern genetic-
linkage maps and enable scientists to anchor genes to their true
physical locations in the genome.
17. • Genetic Map One can map the relative position of corresponding genes.
18. • Cytogenetic Map:
A cytogenetic map is the visual appearance of
a chromosome when stained and examined
under a microscope. Particularly important are
visually distinct regions, called light and dark
bands, which give each of the chromosomes a
unique appearance. This feature allows a
person's chromosomes to be studied in a
clinical test known as a karyotype.
