This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods used to inspect materials and components for flaws or defects without causing damage. It introduces several common NDT techniques including visual testing, dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. For each method, it provides a brief overview of the basic principles and uses. The document emphasizes that NDT allows for safety evaluation and quality control of products in a quick and cost-effective manner without compromising the integrity of the materials.

1. Presentation Equipment Maintenance
Non-Destructive Testing(NTD)
Submitted to: Mr. Muhammad Rashid
Submitted by: Taab Sohail
1

2. 2

3. Contents
 Introduction of NTD
 Importance of NTD
 Elements of NTD methods
 NDT methods
 Conclusion
3

4. Non-Destructive Testing(NTD)
 Non destructive testing(NDT) is one of the important methods
used for evolution and quality control of materials
 Inspect or measure without doing harm
 Used to locate or find out the defects or flaws in the material
4

5. Importance
 The equipment are easy to handle
 Defects can be detected without damaging the material
 Methods are quick and accurate
 Increases the safety and reliability of the product during
operation
 Material can be sorted out on the basis of electrical, magnetic
or chemical properties
 It decreases the cost of the product
 Test results and other information can be conveniently
recorded on paper films, cassettes and floppies
5

6. Basic elements of NTD methods
 Source
 Modification
 Detection
 Indication
 Interpretation
6

7. Methods of NTD
7

8. NTD Methods
 Visual Testing (VT)
 Dye Penetrant Testing (DPT)
 Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
 Eddy Current Testing (ECT)
 Radiography Testing (RT)
8

9. Visual Testing
 Most basic and common inspection method involves in using
of human eyes to look for defects.
 Nowadays, it is done by the use special tools such as video
scopes, magnifying glasses, mirrors, borescopes, microscopes
to gain access and more closely inspect the subject area.
9

10. Visual Testing Equipments
10

11. Dye Penetrant Testing(DPT)
 Widely used non-destructive testing method
 Used for detect the surface cracks or defects
 Used to inspect almost any material provided that its surface is
not extremely rough
11

12. Process of DPT
 Cleaning
 Drying of surface
 Application of penetrate
 Removal of excess of penetrate
 Application of developer
12

13. Magnetic Particle Testing(MPT)
 Suitable for the detection of surface and near surface
discontinuities in magnetic material , mainly ferrite steel and
iron
 METHODS OF MPT
• Dry method
• Wet method
13

14. Process
 In the first figure the magnetized metal has no crack and there
only two poles that is north pole and south pole
 In second figure the magnetized metal has a crack and at the
crack point there creates another north and south pole for the
magnetic flux leakage
14

15. MPT in gas pipe welding
15

16. Ultrasonic Testing(UT)
 Used for the detection of internal surface (particularly distant
surface) defects in sound conducting materials
 In this method high frequency sound waves are introduced into
a material and they are reflected back from surface and flaws.
Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and inspector
can visualize a cross section of the specimen showing the
depth of features.
16

17. Ultrasonic inspection(Pulse-Echo)
17

18. Eddy current testing
 Well suited for detecting surface cracks
 Used to make electrical conductivity and coating thickness
measurements
 In this method eddy currents are produced in the product by
bringing it close to an alternating current carrying coil
18

19. Radiography testing(RT)
 Inspecting materials for hidden flaws by using the ability of
short wavelength electromagnetic radiation (high energy
photons)to penetrate various materials
 Radiographic Testing Method is nothing but to take the
shadow picture of an object onto a film by the passage of X-
ray or Gamma ray through it
 It is the same as the medical radiography (X-ray) only
difference in their wave length.
19

20. Radiography
20

21. Conclusion
 NDT is a new technology and system for industrial inspection
and testing
 Many developed countries uses this technology because of its
huge benefits
 Modern NDT methods will become just as an important tool
for risk based inspection approaches and maintenance planning
21

22. THANK YOU
22