The document provides tips for improving skills in reading, listening, speaking, and writing for the TOEFL exam. For reading, it recommends skimming passages quickly to identify main ideas and key details, then re-reading more carefully. It also suggests building vocabulary. For listening, it advises listening for signal words and relationships between ideas. For speaking, it suggests summarizing and synthesizing information from multiple sources on a topic and stating and supporting opinions. For writing, it recommends prewriting by listing ideas, focusing on a clear thesis, using details and examples to develop ideas, and expressing information in an organized way using transitions.

1. TOEFLtipstoscore120
Reading, listening, speaking and
writing
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2. Reading Tips
• Scan the passages to find and highlight key facts (dates, numbers,
and terms) and information. Practice this frequently to increase
reading rate and fluency. Increase vocabulary knowledge, perhaps by
using flashcards.
• Rather than carefully reading each word and each sentence, practice
skimming a passage quickly to get a general impression of the main
idea. Build up the ability to skim quickly and to identify the major
points.
• After skimming a passage, read it again more carefully and write
down the main idea, major points, and important facts. Choose some
unfamiliar words in the passage and guess the meaning from the
context (surrounding sentences).
• Select all the pronouns (he, him, they, them, etc.) in a passage and
identify which nouns they refer to in the passage. Practice making
inferences and drawing conclusions based on what is implied in the
passage as a whole.
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3. Listening Tips
• Think about how the lecture is organized. Listen for the signal
words that indicate the introduction, major steps or ideas,
examples, and the conclusion or summary. Identify the
relationships of ideas in the information being discussed. Listen
for words that show connections and relationships between
ideas.
• Listen to recorded material and stop the recording at various
points and try to predict what information or idea will be
expressed next. Create an outline of the information discussed
while listening or after listening.
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4. Speaking Tips
• Find a textbook that includes questions about the material at the end of chapters.
Practice answering the questions orally. Make an outline that includes only the major
points of the article. Use the outline to orally summarize the information. Then add
detail to the outline and orally summarize again.
• Find listening and reading material on the same topic. The material can provide similar
or different views. The Internet and the library are good places to find information. Take
notes on the listening and reading material and do the following:
1. Orally summarize the information in both. Be sure to paraphrase using
different words and grammatical structures.
2. Orally synthesize by combining information from the reading and listening
material and explain how they relate.
• State and support an opinion about the ideas and information presented in the reading
and listening material. If the reading and/or listening material describes a problem,
suggest and explain a solution to the problem.
• Recognize the attitude of the speaker or the writer of the original material through
intonation, stress, and word choice. This helps you understand his/her point of view and
plan an appropriate response. Increase your vocabulary and learn to use idiomatic
speech appropriately. Learn grammatical structures so well that you can use them
naturally when speaking. Work on pronunciation, including word stress, intonation
patterns, and pauses.
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5. Writing Tips
• Make a list of familiar topics and practice writing about them. For
each topic state an opinion or a preference and then support it with
evidence. Practice planning and writing at least one essay for each
topic. Be sure to take 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise each essay.
Think about and list all ideas related to a topic or task before writing.
This is also called “prewriting.”
• Identify one main idea and some major points to support that idea,
and plan how to communicate them (for example, by creating an
outline to organize your ideas). Create a focused thesis statement and
use it to develop all the ideas presented in the essay. Develop the
essay by using appropriate explanation and detail. Increase your
vocabulary and learn to use idiomatic speech appropriately.
• Learn grammatical structures so well that you can use them naturally
when writing. Learn the conventions of spelling, punctuation, and
layout (paragraph creation, etc.). Express information in an organized
manner, displaying unity of thought and coherence. Use signal words
and phrases, such as on one hand/in conclusion to create a clear
structure for your response.

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