cyber security presentation presented in nirma university by Tanuj Jhankal. it is a presentation made on TCP IP protocol for M.TECH Electrical Course

1. Subject:
TCP/IP Protocol
Presented By
Tanuj Jhankal
(17MEEP06)
Department of Electrical Engg.
Institute of Technology
Nirma University

2. Objectives
 Connection-oriented and connectionless
services
 The TCP/IP layers

3. Connection-Oriented Services
 Connection-oriented service modelled after
the telephone system.
 To talk to someone, pick up a phone, dial the
number, talk and disconnect.
 Similarly, in a network, the service user will
 Establish a connection
 Use the connection
 Release the connection
 The sender, receiver and the network may conduct
a negotiation about data transfer speed, maximum
message size, etc.

4. Overview of TCP/IP
 TCP / IP – Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol
 Most popular network protocol
 Allow reasonably efficient and error free transmision
 A file transfer protocol, sends large files uncorrupted
across unreliable network.
 Ability to connect multiple networks in a
seamless way was one of the major design
goals which led to development of TCP / IP

5. TCP/IP Model
There are four layers in TCP/IP model:
 Application Layer
 Transport Layer
 Internet Layer
 Network Access Layer

6. Application Layer (AL):
 Application Layer (AL), contains those protocols which
provides services to users.
 Web browsing, e-mail, encryption, session establishment
all these things happen in application Layer which uses
protocols such as
 HTTP, SMTP, DNS, TELNET, FTP, NFS, DFS, IMAP4,
POP3, NNTP, SSH, SSL, GOPHER.
 Application Layer (AL), defines network application
services like file transfer, network management.

7. Application Layer (AL):
 Identification of services is done using port numbers.
Ports are nothing but socket i.e. entry & exit point to
the layer.
 Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer of
OSI model
 Responsible for converting data into standard format ex:
ASCII, JPEG, MIDI, MP3.
 Encoding-decoding, encryption-decryption,
compression, NFS, RPC
(remote procedure code).

8. Transport Layer (TL):
 Important protocols used in Transport layer (TL) is TCP
 Transport layer (TL), deals with actual manipulation of
data and prepares it for delivery through network.
 If data is too large for the single frame, then TL breaks
it into smaller pieces and assigns sequence number.
 It ensures that all the data is received in the right order
than it
was sent.

9. Transport Layer (TL):
 TL is responsible for ensuring data is sent and received
successfully.
 TL is responsible for verifying delivery of packets.
 Identification services, sequencing, flow control, error
correction, segmentation, reassembling is done here.

10. Internet Layer (IL):
 Internet layer (IL), deals with, finding the way to the
destination.
 Internet layer (IL) defines, IP addressing, routing,
switching.
 It determines where the data should go on the physical
network.
 It is responsible for routing each packet to its
destination.
 Defines network address.

11. Internet Layer (IL):
 Protocols that are used in this layer are routing
protocol-OSPF, RIP, IGRP, EIGRP Routed protocols-IP,
IPX, Appletalk. And DDP (datagram delivery protocol),
ICMP, IPSec.
 This layer is also known as network layer in OSI model.
 IL provides best path to the data to reach destination.
 Device working in this layer is Router.

12. Network Access Layer:
 It is responsible for putting frames (packets) on the
wire.
 Responsible for setting bits & bytes, electrical signals
and impulses back and forth across the wire (coaxial or
twisted pair).
 Deals with wire, connectors, signals, pulses, modems,
fiber optic cable (in for of light).

13. Network Access Layer:
 “Doors between worlds” connecting physical aspect
of network (cables & Digital pulses).
 Describes specifications for topology.
 Devices used here are- HUB, Switch, Repeater,
Bridges, and NIC.
 Responsible for error detection.

14. References
 “Computer Networks”,
 Tanenbaum A (PHI)
 “Data Communications and Networking”,
 Forouzan B (TMH)
 “Local Area Networks”,
 Keiser (TMH)

15. Thank You