Workshop Practice Lab for Electrical and Industrial Engineers..

1. Workshop Practice
Lab # 02
Demonstration of basic electric tools, wires, cables and
connectors.

2. Aims and objectives
To identify and understand names and shapes of basic
electrical tools and also identify different kinds of wires,
cables and connectors.

3. Basic ElectricalTools

4. Pump Pliers
• Designed to work much like wrench does,
pump pliers are what most people are likely
to envision when they hear the P-word.
• They’re what you’ll find in just about every
toolbox. With short, knurled jaws that can
be adjusted at the rivet to either increase or
decrease their spam, pump pliers are made
primarily for gripping and turning hard to
budge nuts, bolts and pipe fitting.
• When to use them: pump pliers are ideal for
tackling plumbing jobs as well as
miscellaneous household repairs that call for
the installation or removal of stubborn bolts.
They are like hands, but less sweaty and
grabbier.

5. Long Nose Plier
• Just as their name implies, long
nose pliers have a very long and
lean profile that let them squeeze
easily into tight spaces to grip and
manipulate wires. Perfect for
making precise bends in wire.
• When to use them: Anytime
where precision counts.

6. Cutting Pliers
• Built with sharp cutting edges and
some serious shearing power, these
pliers have one main job.
• Unlike many wire cutters, cutting
pliers are often tempered to reduce
jarring “snap” that you feel when a
wire is cut and have extra leverage
that enables you to slice through
thicker materials with less effort.
• When to use them: Times when you
need to cut through thick wires that
you won’t yield a standard
household wire cutter.

7. Electronic Plier
• Electronics Pliers can be very
useful outside electronics work.
• Designed for precise cutting, they
are well-adapted for many kinds
of fine work, especially when
dealing with tight corners and
small pieces.

8. Insulated Plier
• While jaw size and shape usually have a
lot to do with the classification of a pair
of pliers, that’s not the case with the
insulated plier which come in just about
every style imaginable.
• The thing that sets insulated pliers apart
is dielectric coating that covers their
handles and makes them far less
electrically conductive than your average
pair of pliers.
When to use them: Every single time you
work in close proximity to live electrical
circuits and
energized components. Insulated pliers are
must for all electricians or anyone in the
habit of doing their own electrical repairs and
installations.

9. Tester
• It’s an essential tool of an electrician. Its
handle is made up of slots. In its handle a
visible pipe like part is fixed in it, a neon bulb
is fixed with a screw metal and there is a clip
in its head.
• All these parts are connected using a cable.
It is used to check current supply in electric
circuits.
• If there is a current supply in the circuit neon
bulb glow when you touch its back knob
with your finger, your finger provides the
ground.
• As the resistance in it is very high so very
minimal harmless current passes through
your finger hence providing the neutral in
this circuit.

10. Screw driver
• It is used to fix and tighten the
screws. It is available in different
sizes from 4.5 to 12 inches. It is
named according to its length. Its
handle is made up of wood or
plastic.

11. Pocker
• It has a sharp end. It is used to
make holes to fix screws in electric
boards.

12. Wood saw
• It is used to cut wooden boxes,
sticks and round blocks for the
required size.

13. Hack saw
• It is used to cut metal pipes and
metal frames.The frame of hack
saw is made up of iron and the
handle is made up of wood. A clip
is fixed on its other end to adjust
the length

14. Claw hammer
• In this type of hammer one end is
flat, the other is bent and there is
a claw in the end. It is used to
remove the nails and hammering
the nails.

15. Drilling machine
• It is used to make holes in PCB
board.

16. Wires, Cables and Connectors

17. Wires, Cables and Connectors
• Most electrical wires are made up of copper or silver and typically are
protected by an insulating coating of plastic, rubber.
• Cables consist of a number of individually insulated wires bound
together to form a multi conductor transmission line.
• Conductors such as plugs, jacks and adopters are used as mating
fasteners to join wires and cables with other electrical devices.
Wires
• A wire diameter is expressed in terms of guage number. In a guage
system as diameter of a wire increases, the guage number decreases
and at the same time resistance of the wire also decreases.When
current is expected to be large, smaller guage number to be used.

18. Copper Wire Specification

19. Solid core
• This wire is useful for wiring
breadboards, the solid core ends
slip easily into breadboard sockets
and will not fray in the process.

20. Stranded wire
• The main conductor is comprised
of a number of individual strands
of copper.
• Stranded wire tends to be better
conductor than solid core wire
because the individual wires
together comprise a greater
surface area.
• Standard wire will not break easily
when flexed.

21. Braided Wire
• A braided wire is made up of a
number of individual strands of
wire braided together.
• Like standard wires, these wires
are better conductors than solid
core wires and they will not break
easily when flexed.
• Braided wires are frequently used
as electromagnetic shield in noise
reduction cables and may also act
as wire conductor within the
cable.

22. Pre-tinned solid bus wire
• This wire is often referred to a
shook-up wire.
• It includes a tin-lead alloy to
enhance the older ability and is
usually insulated with
Polyvinylchloride (PVC),
polyethylene orTeflon.
• It is used for hobby projects,
preparing PCB and other
applications.

23. Magnet wire
• This wire is used for making coils
and electromagnets or anything
that requires a large number of
loops say a tuning element in radio
receiver.
• It is used in the construction of
transformers, inductors, motors,
speakers etc.

24. Cables
• A cable consists of a multiple number of independent
conductive wires.The wire with the cables may be solid
core, standard, braided or some combination in between.

25. Paired cables
• The cable is made from two
individually insulated conductors.
Often it is used in low frequency
applications.

26. Twisted cables
• This cable is composed of two
insulated wires. It is similar to a
paired cable but the wires are
held together by a twist.

27. Twin lead
• This cable is a flat two-wireline
often referred to as 300Ω. It is
used primarily as a transmission
line between and antenna and a
receiver. Each wire within a cable
is stranded to reduce skin
effect.

28. Shielded twin lead
• This cable is similar to paired cable
but the inner wires are surrounded
by a metal foil wrapping that is
connected to a ground wire.
• The metal foil is designed to shield
the inner wires from external
magnetic fields potential forces
that can create noisy signals
within the inner wires.

29. Unbalanced coaxial
• This cable is typically used to transport
high frequency signals.
• The cable geometry limits
inductive and capacitive effects and may
also limits external magnetic
interference.
• The center wire is made of solid core and
acts as hot lead.
• An insulative material such as
polyethylene surrounds the center wire
and acts to separate the center wire from
a surrounded braided wire.
• The braided wire acts as a cold lead or
ground lead.

30. Dual coaxial
• This cable consists of two
unbalanced coaxial cables in one.
It is used when two signals must
be transferred independently.

31. Balanced coaxial
• This cable consists of two solid wires insulated from on
another by a plastic insulator. Like unbalanced coaxial
cable it too has a copper shielding to reduce noise. Unlike
unbalance coaxial cable the shielding does not act as one
of the conductive paths it only acts as shield against
external magnetic interference.

32. Ribbon
• This type of cable is used in
applications where many wires are
needed.
• It tends to flex easily. It is designed
to handle low-level bulbs voltages
and often is found in digital
system such as computer to
transmit parallel bits of
information from one device to
another.

33. Multiple conductor
• This type of cable consists of a
number of individually wrapped,
color coded wires. It is used
when number of signals must be
sent through one cable.

34. Fiber optics
• It is used in transport of electromagnetic signals such as
light.The conductive core material is made from a glass
material surrounded by a fiber optical. An
electromagnetic signal propagates down the cable by
multiple total internal reflections. One cable consists of a
number of individual fibers.

35. Connectors
• Connectors consists of a plug(male-ended) and jacks
(female ended).
• To join dissimilar connectors together, an adopter can be
used.

36. 110-Volt

37. Banana

38. Barrier strip

39. Alligator

40. Crimp

41. Conclusion