" Iron Mineralisation in NeoProterzoic". Michael Tschaban, Geologist, Carpentaria Exploration. Technical presentation at 2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment symposium.

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3. Neoarchean – Paleoproterozoic
~2800 Ma – ~2000 Ma
Eg Hamersley Iron Province WA
Neoproterozoic
~750 Ma – ~600 Ma
Eg Braemar Iron Province SA & NSW
Hamersley BIF
Magnetite - Hematite - Jasper
Braemar IF
Magnetite - Hematite - SiltstoneAfter Robb, 2005, p. 269, Fig. 5.16
Paleoarchean - Mesoarchean
~3500 Ma – ~3000 Ma
Eg Pilbara & Yilgarn Cratons WA
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4. Rodinia breakup (rifting)
Sturtian Glaciation
Marinoan Glaciation
Rapitan type IF
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5. Iron (Fe2+) Dissolution Conditions
• Reduced (anoxic)
• Low pH (acidic)
• Source – hydrothermal, continental crust,
continental waters
Source: L.J., Robb, 2005, p. 271, Fig. 5.18
5
Iron (Fe3+) Precipitation Conditions
• Oxidised (oxic)
• Neutral to high pH (basic)
• Product – iron hydroxides, carbonates and
sulphides

6. Hematite
Fe3+
2O3
Fe2+
Magnetite
Fe3+
2Fe2+O4
Siderite
Fe2+CO3
Pyrite
Fe2+S2
Initial Precipitate
Iron Hydroxides
Iron Oxides
Diagenesis Metamorphism
Dehydrate Recrystallise
Iron Oxides
Weathering
Rehydrate
Oxidise
Iron Oxides
Iron Hydroxides
Hematite
Magnetite
Magnetite
Hematite Martite
Goethite
Limonite
After Robb L.J., 2005, p. 270, Fig. 5.17
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7. Source: Holland, 2006, p. 912, Fig. 10
1 2 43 5
7After Klein & Beukes, 1993, p. 543, Fig. 2

8. Global Glaciation - Iron Dissolution
• Sturtian Glaciation ~750 - 700 Ma (most severe)
• Marinoan Glaciation ~650 - 600 Ma
• Decoupling of water column from the atmosphere
• Replicated Archean conditions - reduced, anoxic and acidic
• Dissolution of iron
• Iron source – Continental crust/sediment and or hydrothermal
Glacial Melting - Iron Precipitation
• Glacial regression recoupling of the water column to the atmosphere
• Partial seasonal melting (oxygenated melt water introduction)
• Iron hydroxide precipitation
• Deposited in rift basins, shallow oceans and lakes during the break up of Rodinia
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9. After Cox et al., 2013, p. 9, Fig. 4
• Occur in rift basins at low
paleo-latitudes
• Seasonal glacial melting
• Sediment staking and mixing
• Williams & Schmidt 2015,
confirms equatorial paleo-
latitude for South Australian
Umberatena Group in the late
Cryogenian
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10. 10
Global Rapitan Iron Formation Locations
Data Sources:
G.M Cox et al., 2013
Klein and Buekes, 1993
Bekker et al., 2010
R.J. Stern et al., 2013
Beukes and Gutzmer, 2008
S.L. Ellefmo, 2005
t
Canada
Rapitan Group

11. Holowilena Iron Stone
Oraparinna Iron Stone
Braemar Iron Facies
Teamster Creek Subgroup
Unnamed Iron Stone Occurrence
• Adelaide Rift Complex/Fold Belt/Geosyncline
• Holowilena / Oraparinna Iron Stones
• Braemar Iron Facies
• Teamster Creek Unnamed Iron Stone occurrence
Source: Brewster et al., 2009, (presentation) 11

12. Aeromagnetic Image Showing:
• Adelaide Fold Belt outline
• Bramar Iron deposits as magnetic
highs
• Over 300 km strike extent
• Metamorphic grade increasing to
the east
• 20 to 40 billion tonnes of regional
exploration targets
• Over 6 billion tonnes in JORC
resources
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13. Quartzite
Siltstone Hematite (martite)
Ferricrete
Iron Stone Alluvial Cover
Source: Brewster et al., 2009, p. 4, Fig. 2
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14. Bedded Magnetic Siltstone (Unit 2 & 3)
Bedded Magnetic Sandstone (Interbed & Unit 3)
Diamictic Magnetic Siltstone (Unit 2)
Massive Iron Stone/Siltstone (Unit 2 & 3)
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Massive Ironstone
Siltstone
Sandstone
Diamictite
Younging
Younging
Hawsons Stratigraphy
400 m true thickness

15. Graded siltstone (Tet)
Parallel lamination in sandstone (Tb)
Immature pebbly sandstone (Ta)
Pebbly mudstone with intrabasinal rip up clasts
or viscous mass flow (Ta)
Flute and load structures
After Neudert. M., 2013, p. 5, Fig. 6
Tet
Tb
Ta
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16. Stage 1 Sediments
Stage 2 Sediments
Stage 1 – Ferruginous sediment stacking
Stage 2 – Redeposition via high energy gravity flows
After Neudert. M., 2013, p. 13, Fig. 13 16
Massive Ironstone
Siltstone
Sandstone
Diamictite
Carbonate
Cap
MFS?
Transgression?
Transgression?Regression?
Hawsons Stratigraphy
400 m true thickness

17. 1 32
After Tear, S., 2014, p. 6, Fig. 7
• Very homogeneous magnetite mineralisation
• Correlatable magnetic susceptibility patterns
• Further evidence for a two stage depositional model
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1
3
2

18. Magnetite (white)
Quartz (grey)
Biotite
Chlorite
Muscovite
Dolomite
(black)
High grade iron concentrate High grade iron pellet
After Teale, G.S., 2010, Plate 43.
After Roll-A-pipe undated, p. 14, Fig. 28
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Magnetic Separator

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21. is gratefully acknowledged for his help with the interpretation and
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