This presentation contains information about the massive tragedy that took place near the Gulf of Mexico, which took the lives of 11 crew members. Let me know in the comments if you want me to upload a video of myself presenting this presentation.

1. • Syed Ali Roshan
• Muhammad Jawad
• Sadaf Saif
• Mehwish Younas

2. The Deep water Horizon drilling rig worked to close
up an exploratory oil well deep under the Gulf of
Mexico, a pulse of gas shot up, buckling the drill
pipe.
The emergency valve designed to cap the well in
case of an accident, the “blowout protector,” failed,
and the gas reached the drill rig, triggering an
explosion that killed 11 crewmembers

3. As the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, the
Deep water Horizon oil spill released 134 million
gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over a
period of 87 days, fouling 1,300 miles of
shoreline along five states. The scientists
concluded that the Deep water Horizon oil spill
killed
Thousands of marine mammals and sea turtles,
and contaminated their habitats.

4.  After the spill, BP agreed to pay out more than $20
billion in penalties and damages, with around $13
billion directed toward restoration and a vast research
effort in the region.
 8,332 species, including more than 1,200 fish, 200
birds, 1,400 mollusks, 1,500 crustaceans, 4 sea
turtles, and 29 marine mammals. A 2011 study found
that the spill threatened 39 marine species in addition
to the 14 currently under federal protection, ranging
from 'whale sharks to sea grass".
 At first, it was difficult even to assess how much oil
spilled from the well. Early initial assessments were
low—but satellite imagery revealed that there was
much more oil than had been reported. The final tally
showed that the spill dumped more than 200 million
gallons of oil.

5.  More than 200 million gallons of crude oil
was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a
total of 87 days
 Biggest oil spill in U.S. history.
 16,000 total miles of coastline had been
affected
 The initial oil rig explosion killed 11 people
and injured 17 others
 400 miles of Louisiana coast, approximately
125 miles have been polluted by the oil spill
 Over 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals)
were reported dead just 6 months after the
spill

6.  Ecotoxicological effects in offshore
ecosystems
 The effects in near shore and coastal sites
 The effects on long-lived marine organisms

7.  The scientists collected a variety of
information, including field
studies, stranded carcasses,
historical data on marine mammal
populations, and toxicity testing
studies.
 Marine mammals and sea turtles
had been exposed to the oil by
inhalation, aspiration, ingesting
contaminated sediment, water, or
prey, or by absorbing
contaminants through their skin.

8. The paradoxical effect of the spill is that scientists
know more about the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the
physics, ecology, and chemistry of oil spills, than
they ever would have otherwise.
 “The first fundamental issue we faced in 2010
was a chronic lack of baseline data,” says Joye.
For example, no high-resolution map of the
seafloor existed, information that would have
helped scientists understand where the bottom-
dwelling creatures of the Gulf might be affected.
Driven by the disaster, federal scientists produced
a map in 2016.

10. Crew blast protection
Designing according to the risk analysis allows
protection of people and equipment, and also
allows for evacuation.
Emergency source of electrical power
The explosions and fire had damaged the
multiple (emergency) power sources. There
were no other power sources available so the
supply of water to the fire main and sprinkler
could not be activated.

11. The installation of electrical equipment in
hazardous areas
Clear requirements should be included for
labeling and control of electrical equipment in
hazardous areas and ensure continued
inspection, repair, and maintenance of such
electrical equipment.
Gas detectors
Gas detectors were set to activate alarms on
the bridge. Yet, were not set to automatically
activate the emergency shutdown system for
the engines or to stop the flow of air into the
engine rooms.

12.  Foster an organization-wide culture of quality
and safety
 Adopt a systematic, formalized approach to
risk management.
 Create a thorough quality management plan
and ensure it is followed.
 Incorporate frequent peer reviews and phase
gated quality checks to ensure

13.  Provide adequate emergency training for staff
in high risk projects, to, to mitigate the risk
of accidents and reduce their impact.
 Effectively transfer and disseminate lessons
learned from previous projects.
 Create and fund an independent government
body to manage safety regulations for the oil
and gas industry.
 Create thorough, user-friendly
communication plan.
 Create ways to motivate a “pure projectized”
team to fully concentrate on the work even
towards the end of the project