oil spill is the release of hydrocarbons specially petroleum to land surface or water bodies. what are the effects of this to human health and environment, and what is the deep water horizon oil disaster

1. MARWADI UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY / ES0302
INSTRUCTOR : DR. ARCHANA SHARMA
DONE BY - TEWODROS ADANE / MTHEC
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING/ 91900143004

2. DEEPWATER HORIZON
The oil spill disaster

3. What is the Oil Spill Disaster?
• A released of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment,
especially marine areas, due to human activity is known as oil spill
disaster.
How it may happen?
• It may be due to releases of crude oil from offshore platforms, wells,
tankers, and drilling rigs as well as spills of refined petroleum
products such as gasoline, diesel and their by-products, heavier fuels
used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or waste oil.
INTRODUCTION
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(A) Oil spill on water bodies (B) Oil spill on land surface
Image source
(A) Mauritius oil spill reveals weakness of maritime security architecture in the Western Indian Oce
(B) New Method for Cleaning Up Land-Based Oil Spills Shows Promise, 21st Century Tech Blog

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• The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was an industrial disaster that began on
April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico. considered to be the largest
marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry
• The U.S. federal government estimated the total discharge at 4.9 million
barrels of oil to the ocean . The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded
as one of the largest environmental disasters in American history.
• The central cause of the explosion aboard the Deepwater Horizon drilling
rig was a failure of the cement at the base of the 18,000-foot-deep well
that was supposed to contain oil and gas within the well bore.
• That led to a cascade of human and mechanical errors that allowed
natural gas under tremendous pressure to shoot onto the drilling
platform, causing an explosion and fire that killed 11 of the 126 crew
members and caused an oil spill that took 87 days to get under control.

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7. 5
(C) Deep water horizon oil spill (D) Affected area of the oil spill

8. 1. Chemical Hazards
• Oil is semi-volatile physically, which can evaporate into the air
and will create a heavy vapor that stays near the ground; in the
human breathing zone.
• From the article of The Gulf Oil Spill in Louisiana are reporting
that people in the coastal community of Venice, Louisiana are
suffering from nausea, vomiting, headaches, and difficulties
breathing.
HAZARDS THAT MAY AFFECTED TO HUMAN
HEALTH
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9. 2. Fire Hazards
• An oil spill can immediately cause a fire hazard. In Deepwater
Horizon Oil Spill, due to the explosion, 11 men have died.
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(E) Oil spill cause fire in Deepwater horizon disaster

10. 3. Traumatic Incident Stress (Psychological Hazard)
• From the incident of the oil spill, the workers will get traumatic
incident stress that may affect their mental and emotional
health.
• They may experience a tragic accident that causes death or
serious injury to their co-workers in front of their eyes.
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HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT OF THE OIL
DISASTER
Offshore worker
Pregnant women
People with respiratory
disease
Children
People that are at high risk

12. 1. Offshore Workers
• They might be the people that face more danger compared to
others. Working on an offshore drilling rig may not be the safest
job in the world. In the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster, about
11 workers died on the explosion.
2. Pregnant women.
• VOCs are one of chemical that can cause miscarriage. It has been
advised for the pregnant women to leave the area near the spill if
they can. It is important to save their baby and also to protect their
health.
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13. 3. People with respiratory disease.
• Most of the chemicals that contain in oil are semi-volatile and it may route
to our body system by inhalation. For the people that have a respiratory
disease such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis or even moderate or severe
asthma, they may at high risk of exacerbation from the vapors and aerosols.
4. Children
• Department of Environment must take action on warning the parents to
make sure their children are not be allowed near the beach where they could
come into direct contact with the oil. It also is recommended for adults to
follow the same action.
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14. • Marine mammal deaths could be as high as 5,000 individuals
• More than 1,000 sea turtles were found dead following the spill
and surveys indicate that tens of thousands of turtles were
exposed to oil
• Nearly 1 million coastal and offshore seabirds are estimated to
have died as a result of the oil spill.
• Fish caught in the aftermath of the oil spill were reported to
have lesions, which scientists linked to oil spill exposure
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE OIL
DISASTER

15. (F) sea bird affected by the oil disaster (G) Sea turtle affected by the oil spi
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16. ECONOMICAL IMPACT OF THE OIL
DISASTER
• The economic damages to the communities, businesses, and
individuals affected by the spill can be at least partially quantified
by examining the damage claims the company has paid to date.
• The company has paid more than $13 billion in damage claims,
including $1.4 billion to governments for economic damages, and
$11.6 billion in economic damages and medical claims to
individuals and businesses. In 2014
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17. • Days after the wellhead explosion, federal and state governments
began closing fishing grounds, including some of the Gulf’s richest
fishing grounds for species such as shrimp, menhaden and
oysters.
• In total, the Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was
estimated to have lost $247 million due to the post spill fishing
closures
• The tourism industry was also impacted heavily by the spill. A
study shows, 60 percent of hotels surveyed in Louisiana, Alabama,
Mississippi, and Florida had experienced cancellations, and 42
percent of these hotels were having difficulty booking future
events.
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18. (H) Economical impact of the oil spill 16

19. No. Activities Hazard Effect Hazard
analysis
Risk control
1 Mechanical
failure or
damage of
container or
pipeline, oil
spill
Chemical-
Vocs and
heavy
metals
Human health
Acute effect
Vomiting, nausea,
headache, dizziness
L S risk • Make sure
scheduled the
maintenance of
pipeline
• Provide training to
the person in
charge of the
pipeline
4 4 16
Chronic effect
• cancer, neurological
and reproductive
harm
• Skin irritation
2 Oil tanker
accident
Fire and
explosion
Death or serious
injury
Destroy the work area
5 5 25 • Provide enough
training to the
workers
• Awareness about
fire and explosion
in high risk
workplace
• Enhance
supervision of the
high risk job or
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Risk assessment of deep water horizon oil disaster

20. • ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER: “Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster”
, SITI SYUHAIDA BINTI MOHAMED YUNUS
• Summary of Information concerning the Ecological and Economic
Impacts of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster, Alexandra
Adams
REFERENCE
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21. Thank you
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