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LGBTQIA
- 1. ISSUES OF LGBTQI A Presented By: Godwin B. Varghese and Sidharth Mishra MSW 2nd Semester 08th June 2021 THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
- 2. INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND 2. STATUS 3. MEANING/DEFINATION 4. CAUSES 5. EFFECT/CONSEQUENCES 6. CHALLENGES/LIMITATIONS 7. POLICY/LEGAL PROVISIONS/SCHEMES AND OTHER GOVT. INITIATIVES 8. INITIATIVE OF NGO/VO/FOUNDATIONS/CSR etc… 9. CRITICISM 10.SUGGESTIONS/ RECCOMENDATIONS/WAY FORWARD 11.ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS 12.REFERENCES PAGE NO. 2
- 3. Introduction/Background LGBT or GLBT is an acronym that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. The acronym, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, LGBTQ, adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity. Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizing may use the extended initialism LGBTI. These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms LGBTIQ or LGBT+ to encompass spectrums of sexuality and gender. Other, less common variants also exist, such as LGBTQIA+, with the A standing for "asexual" or "aromantic". PAGE NO. 3
- 4. Status Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in India have evolved in recent years. However, Indian LGBT citizens face certain social and legal difficulties not experienced by non-LGBT persons. The country has repealed its colonial-era laws that directly discriminated against homosexual and transgender identities and also explicitly interpreted Article 15 of the Constitution to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. But many legal protections have not been provided for, including same-sex marriage. Transgender people in India are allowed to change their legal gender post-sex reassignment surgery under legislation passed in 2019, and have a constitutional right to register themselves under a third gender. Additionally, some states protect hijras, a traditional third gender population in South Asia through housing programmes, and offer welfare benefits, pension schemes, free operations in government hospitals as well as other programmes designed to assist them. There are approximately 480,000 transgender people in India. PAGE NO. 4
- 5. Meaning/Definition lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (one's sexual or gender identity), intersex, and asexual/aromantic/agender L: Lesbian Today, the term "lesbian" is used to describe "female-identified people attracted romantically, erotically, and/or emotionally to other female-identified people," explains the University of Illinois, Springfield's Gender and Sexuality Services. G: Gay Before the latter half of the 19th century, the word "gay" simply referred to someone who was "carefree," "cheerful," or "bright and showy," according to The Oxford Dictionary of Difficult Words. In the '40s and '50s, the word began to be used as underground slang referring to both males and females who were attracted to the same sex. Since then, the word "gay" has fully replaced the term "homosexual," which many found to be too clinical and was riddled with stigma. B: Bisexual A bisexual person is typically defined as someone who is attracted to people of their gender and other genders— although even experts within the LGBTQIA+ community offer a range of definitions. PAGE NO. 5
- 6. T: Transgender The word "transgender" is an umbrella term used for "people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth," according to GLAAD. Q: Queer or Questioning The "Q" in the LGBTQIA+ acronym has two meanings: "queer" and "questioning." But the former is the most common. Often, "queer" is used as a blanket term to define the "sexual preferences, orientations, and habits of the not- exclusively-heterosexual-and-monogamous majority," according to the University of Illinois. I: Intersex The term "intersex" is used to describe people who are born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't fit the typical definitions of male and female, according to the Intersex Society of North America. And, just as there are a range of sexual orientations and gender identities within the LGBTQIA+ community, there are also an array of biological characteristics that exist among those who are intersex. A: Asexual or Assistant According to LGBTQIA+ experts at Williams College, asexual people are simply defined as those who do not feel a sexual attraction to others. This term is not to be confused with "aromantic," which refers to individuals who feel little or no romantic attraction to others. Asexual people can often be romantically attracted to someone, but sexual attraction doesn't play a role in the relationship. PAGE NO. 6
- 7. CAUSES • There are many causes of addiction in the LGBTQIA community. However, the most common cause for concern among most LGBTQIA youths is their fear of seeking treatment. Due to the fear of discrimination existing in medical professionals, they neglect the need for addiction treatment. PAGE NO. 7
- 8. Effects/Consequences The popular Nickelodeon animated TV show “The Legend of Korra” helped fuel the debates of queer representation in children’s media, because the season finale ended with a same-sex relationship. The creators even confirmed Korra and Asami are bisexual. “You can celebrate it, embrace it, accept it, get over it, or whatever you feel the need to do, but there is no denying it. According to Ewing, research shows that children’s media does help shape their beliefs and perceptions about what is “normal.” A more inclusive, normative and sensitive portrayal of gender and romantic minorities in children’s media will likely have a tremendous impact on future generations thinking, and hopefully their actions as well. Discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is now on the world stage. Russia’s hosting of the 2014 Winter Olympics has brought a spotlight not only on Russia’s harsh anti-gay laws, but also the treatment of LGBT people everywhere. While substantial gains have been made in the acceptance of LGBT people, bias is still prevalent and has real mental health consequences. PAGE NO. 8
- 9. CHALLENGE S/LIMITATIO NS • People who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) face particular obstacles, barriers, and challenges that frequently make it difficult for them to find and receive competent and affirming healthcare. Heterosexist assumptions can adversely affect the quality of treatment, and fear of a negative experience keeps many LGBTs from seeking help. Organizations and individual therapists are not always LGBT friendly, and some therapists may not even recognize their own heterosexism. Staff can be judgmental toward LGBT sexuality, or be misinformed/uninformed about LGBT resources. In one UK study, over 40% of lesbians recounted negative/mixed reactions from mental health professionals when they were open about sexuality (including instances of overt homophobia, discrimination, and perceived lack of empathy)13 . PAGE NO. 9
- 10. Policy/Legal Provisions/Schemes and Other Govt. Initiatives The state of West Bengal set up a transgender welfare board in 2015 to coordinate all policy decisions and development work pertaining to the transgender population in the state. The Government of Himachal Pradesh has set up medical boards at the district and state level for assisting transgender people. In April 2017, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation instructed states to allow transgender people to use the public toilet of their choice. In October 2017, the Karnataka Government issued the "State Policy for Transgenders, 2017", with the aim of raising awareness of transgender people within all educational institutions in the state. On 28 November 2017, N. Chandrababu Naidu, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, announced the enactment of pension plans for transgender people. PAGE NO. 10
- 11. In February 2019, the Maharashtra Government set up a "Transgender Welfare Board" to conduct health programmes and provide formal education and employment opportunities to transgender people. In July 2019, the Bihar Government announced the creation of a transgender welfare board, which would investigate and report on social and legal challenges faced by transgender people in the state and provide financial assistance of up to ₹150,000 for sex reassignment surgery. On 6 September 2018, consensual gay sex was legalised by India's Supreme Court. Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), dating back to 1861, makes sexual activities "against the order of nature" punishable by law and carries a life sentence. PAGE NO. 11 In 2014, the Supreme Court of India, in the case of National Legal Services Authority Union of India, established the foundation for the rights of transgender persons in India by recognizing ‘transgender’ as the ‘third gender’ and laying down several measures for prohibition of discrimination against transgender persons and protection of their rights.
- 12. Initiative of NGO/VO/Foundations/CSR etc… Humsafar Trust is an NGO in Mumbai which promotes LGBT rights. Founded by Ashok Row Kavi in 1994, it is one of the largest and most active of such organizations in India. It provides counselling, advocacy and healthcare to LGBT communities and has helped reduce violence, discrimination and stigma against them. Humsafar Trust is the convenor member of Integrated Network for Sexual Minorities (INFOSEM). The Trevor Project Gill Foundation LGBTQ Victory Fund Heartland Alliance International Human Rights Campaign PAGE NO. 12
- 13. Criticism Organizations influential in LGBT rights opposition frequently oppose the representation of laws making same-sex marriage legal, anti-discrimination laws aimed at limiting anti-LGBT discrimination, including in employment and housing, the passage of anti-bullying laws to protect LGBT minors, laws decriminalizing same-gender relationships, and other LGBT rights related laws. These groups are often religious or socially conservative in nature. Such opposition can be motivated by homophobia, transphobia, bigotry, animosity, religion, moral beliefs, political ideologies, or other reasons. On October 6, 1860, sodomy was legally forbidden in India according to Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. This was ruled unconstitutional in 2009 by the Delhi High Court but reaffirmed on 11 December 2013 by a Supreme Court ruling. It was again legalized by the Supreme Court on 6 September 2018. PAGE NO. 13
- 14. SUGGESTION/ RECOMMENDATIO N PAGE NO. 14 We have to create “safe and inclusive environment” for everyone. We can use media as effective tool to reach mass audiences and grow acceptance. We have to develop clear admission for some supporting LGBT community in the workplace. Campaign to improve social attitudes.
- 15. Role of Social Workers People who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) are members of every community, and include people of all races and ethnicities, all ages, all faiths and socioeconomic statuses, and from all parts of the country. Whether we identify as members of the LGBTQ community, as friends, colleagues, and/or as service providers, social workers are key partners in the vital efforts to ensure wellness, safety, and equity for all LGBTQ people. Social workers have a shared commitment to promoting laws, policies and programming that affirm, support, and value LGBTQ individuals, families, and communities. Here are the name of some of the prominent social workers working in the LGBT field in India: Anand Grover Menaka Guruswamy Laxmi Narayan Tripathi Anjali Gopalan Gopi Shankar Madurai Manvendra Singh Gohil Harish Iyer Ashok Row Kavi Sridhar Rangayan Rose Venkatesan PAGE NO. 15