a presentation on transgenders in India- a brief awareness program for undergraduate students on their problems

1. TRANSGENDER

2. Introduction to Trans and
Gender Diverse Identities

3. Gender Expression:
How people present
themselves.
People might
as feminine,
masculine, neutral or
a combination, and
this may vary.
Gender Identity:
How people interpret
and view themselves,
within the context of
wider society and
culture.
Sex: The biological
characteristics of a
person’s body, i.e.
organs and DNA.
Usually this is male,
female, or intersex.
What is gender?

4. Gender Identity:
Gender is how people
interpret and view
themselves. A person
might identify as the
gender they were
assigned at birth
(cisgender) or they may
identify differently
(transgender).
Gender identity vs.
assigned gender
Gender is
assigned at
birth based on
physical sex –
i.e. It’s a girl! or
It’s a boy! – and
people are
generally raised
in this gender
role.
This is called
assigned
gender.

5. Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristic that
define men and women .
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours ,
activities and attributes that a given society consider appropriate for
men and women.
To put it another way :
“MALE” and “FEMALE” are sex categories ,
while “MASCULINE” and “FEMININE” are gender categories .

6. TYPES OF TRANSGENDER
• 1.Hetrosexual: people are attracted to individuals of a
different sex from themselves.
• 2.Bisexual: people may be attracted to individuals of the
same or different sex.
• 3.Cisgender: it is a term used to describe people who
sense of they own gender is aligned with the sex that they
were assigned at birth.
• 4.Asexual: Asexuality is a “sexual orientation
characterized by a persistent lack of sexual attraction
toward any gender.
• 5.Homosexual: A person sexually attracted to persons of
the same sex .Homosexuals include males (Gays) and
females (Lesbians).

7. Transgender: It is an umbrella term to refer to all people who do
not identify with their assigned gender at birth
 Transgender people are individuals of any age or sex whose
appearance, personal characteristics, or behaviours differ
from stereotypes about how men and women are ‘supposed’
to be. Transgender people have existed in every culture, race,
and class since the story of human life has been recorded.
 In India there are a host of socio – cultural groups of
transgender people like hijras/ kinnars, and other transgender
identities like – shiv-shaktis, jogtas, jogappas, Aradhis, Sakhi,
etc
 India's most recent census conducted the first official count of
transgender people and the result was more than 4,90,000
people.
http://iasscore.in/national-details-74.html
http://www.glaad.org/blog/indias-census-counts-transgender-population-first-time

8. Once TG people start lives their as the opposite
gender , many issues may come up –like how to
fill out forms that required checking female or
male and even which public bathrooms to used.
For people who are TG , the realisation that they
feel different from others also can be very difficult
. They may face rejection , discrimination and
even anger from people who don’t understand
PROBLEMS OF TRANSGENDER

9. Problems faced by transgender
people
 Discrimination- no access to public spaces, health
care,family
 unemployment
 lack of educational facilities
 homelessness- families do not accept them
 lack of medical facilities: like HIV care and
hygiene, depression, hormone pill abuse, tobacco
and alcohol abuse
 problems related to marriage and adoption.

A 2007 study showed the percentage of Hijras
who reported: forced sex is 46%; physical abuse
is 44%; verbal abuse is 56%; blackmail for money
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/hijr
as_transgender_in_india_hiv_human_rights_an
d_social_exclusion.pdf

11. Supreme court of India in NALSA v
Union of India
• The third gender people will be considered as
OBCs. They will be given educational and
employment reservation as OBCs
• The supreme court also said states and the
Centre will provide social welfare schemes for
third gender community and run a public
awareness campaign to erase the negative public
image.
• The Supreme court also said that the states must
provide special public toilets and provide
assistance for special medical issues.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/S
upreme-Court-recognizes-transgenders-as-
third-gender/articleshow/33767900.cms

12. Rights for Transgender people
• right to equality under Article 14 of the constitution of
India
• Article 15 speaks about the prohibition of
discrimination on the ground of religion, race, caste,
sex or place of birth.
• Article 16- equal opportunity for everyone
• Article 21 ensures right to privacy and personal dignity
to all the citizens.
• Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings as
beggars and other similar forms of forced labor and
any contravention of these provisions shall be an
offence punishable in accordance with law.
The Constitution of India
NALSA v Union of India

13. • The Constitution provides all the fundamental
rights and also guarantees political rights,
educational and health benefits to the third
gender. But the third gender people continues
to be ostracized. The main question is
whether we can see equality in the real
world?

14. Supreme court judgement on
transgender rights
• Legal Recognition for Third Gender
• Equal access to education
• Public Health and Sanitation
• Socio-Economic Rights
• Stigma and Public Awareness
http://iasscore.in/national-details-74.html

15. Comprehensive health insurance schemes.
Rashtriya Swasthya Bhima yojna.
sex re-assignment in government hospital.
Training and sensitization of health care .
‘ Samanwaya’ continuing education programme for TG.
Scholarship for TG students.
Providing grants , subsidy loans depending on their income
ID card for TG persons.
Self employment assistance for TG persons. ETC….,

16. C R E A T E D B Y : A M R U T H A , S I S H I M A , A S W A T H Y , S O N A , M A N J U
I I I B A E C O N O M I C S U N D E R D R . K . S A V I T H A , A S S O C . P R O F . ,
G O V T A R T S A N D S C I E N C E C O L L E G E , C A L I C U T ,
J A N 2 0 2 0
THANK YOU…