An overview of comparative account of vertebrate heart

1. Comparative account of VERTEBRATE HEARTs
Dr Sutapa Datta
Assistant Professor of Zoology
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2. HEART
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• Heart is the central part of
circulatory system.
• Muscular
• Pumps blood throughout the body
• Vertebrate heart is having a
receiving chamber and a forwarding
chamber
•Two longitudinal tubes in
mesoderm fuse together to
form heart

3. • True heart lacking
• Part of Ventral Aorta below
pharynx becomes muscular and
contractile
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CEPHALOCHORDATA:
Ex: Branchiostoma sp
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4. CYCLOSTOME:
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• Sinus Venosus
• Auricle
• Ventricle
• Conus Arteriosus
Ex: Lamprey, Hagfish
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• Simplest heart
• Consists of the following
chambers in sequence:

5. ELASMOBRANCH FISH:
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Ex: Shark
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• Muscular, dorsoventrally bent
S-shaped tube
• Consisting of following
chambers in sequence:
• Sinus Venosus, Auricle,
Ventricle, Conus Arteriosus
SINUS VENOSUS: Thin walled, acts as a reservoir, opens
to Auricle through sinu-auricular aperture guarded by a
pair of valves
Auricle: large, thin walled, muscular, elastic, opens
ventrally to ventricle by auriculo-ventricular aperture
guarded by a pair of valves, receives venous return of
blood through SV
VENTRICLE: thick walled, muscular, opens to conus
arterious
CONUS ARTERIOUS: narrow, tubular, muscular, having a
series of semilunar valves
Accessory chambers: SV,CA
True chambers: A, V

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TELEOST FISH:
Ex: Bony fish
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• Small, Muscular two chambered with single circuit
of circulation- VENOUS HEART
• Consisting of following chambers in sequence:
Sinus Venosus, Auricle, Ventricle, Bulbus
Arteriosus
CONUS ARTERIOUS: In Amia CA reduced and the
number of valves are less. In Teleost CA is
absent/short with a single pair of valve.
Bulbus Arteriosus: Ventral aorta in contact with
conus becomes enlarged with thick elastic muscular
wall- bulbous arteriosus, no valve present
Accessory chambers: SV,CA
True chambers: A, V

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• Sinus Venosus
• Auricle
• Ventricle
• Conus Arteriosus
• Sinus Venosus
• Auricle
• Ventricle
• Bulbus Arteriosus
• Sinus Venosus
• Auricle
• Ventricle
• Bulbus Arteriosus
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8. DIPNOI FISH:
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• Sinus Venosus is present.
• Heart consists of the following
chambers:
1. Right Auricle and Left Auricle
separated by incomplete interauricular
septum having Foramen ovale.
2. Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle
separated by a partial interventricular
septum
• transitional 3-chambered heart
Ex: Lungfish
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URODELE AMPHIBIA:
1. Right Auricle
2. Left Auricle
3. Ventricle
Ex: Tailed amphibia
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• Sinus Venosus is present receiving
blood from systemic circulation.
• Conus arteriosus is reduced, replaced
by bulbous arteriosus.
•Left and right auricle separated by
incomplete interauricular septum
(Foramen ovale present).
•Ventricle single.
•NO interventricular septum
• Consisting of following three
chambers :

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ANURAN AMPHIBIA:
1. Right Auricle
2. Left Auricle
3. Ventricle
Ex: Tailless amphibia
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• Sinus Venosus opens into RA dorsally.
• The conus arteriosus divides into systemic
and pulmonary vessels by a spiral valve.
• Left and right auricle separated by
complete interauricular septum (Foramen
ovale absent).
• Ventricle single, thick muscular walled,
internally forms trabaculae permitting little
mixing of two bloods.
• NO interventricular septum
• Consisting of following
chambers :
Spiral valve

11. SQAMATAN REPTILE:
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1. Right Auricle
2. Left Auricle
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
• Sinus venosus is prominent ,large in turtles and
small in snakes and lizards
•Complete interauricular septum
•Incomplete interventricular septum
• Conus arteriosus and ventral aorta splits in adult
into 3 distinct trunks: pulmonary trunk and right and
left systemic (aortic) trunks.
Ex: Turtle
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• Consisting of following
chambers :

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CROCODILIAN REPTILE:
1. Right Auricle
2. Left Auricle
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
Ex: Crocodile
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• Sinus venosus is distinct internally
•Complete interauricular septum
•Complete interventricular septum
• Conus arteriosus and ventral aorta splits in adult
into 3 distinct trunks: pulmonary trunk and right and
left systemic (aortic) trunks.
• Foramen of Panizza connects the two aortic trunks
at the base providing maxium usage of oxygen during
diving.
• Consisting of following four
chambers :

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BIRD and MAMMAL:
• Sinus Venosus absent–incorporated
into RA
• Complete interauricular septum
• Complete interventricular septum
1. Pulmonary Circulation
2. Systemic circulation
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
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1. Right Auricle
2. Left Auricle
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
• Consisting of following four
chambers :
Precaval
veins
Postcaval
vein
Pulmonary
veins