Adaptive Socio-Technical Systems w/ Architecture for Flow

1. Adaptive Socio-Technical Systems w/ Architecture for Flow Susanne Kaiser Independent Tech Consultant @suksr

2. What do these companies have in common ? @suksr

3. @suksr

4. 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 filed for bankruptcy in 2010 filed for bankruptcy in 2017 filed for bankruptcy in 2012 filed for bankruptcy in 2018 sold their business in 2014 @suksr

5. 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 filed for bankruptcy in 2010 filed for bankruptcy in 2017 filed for bankruptcy in 2012 filed for bankruptcy in 2018 sold their business in 2014 Failed to adapt to the rise of online streaming services Failed to adapt to the shift towards digital photography Slow to adapt touchscreen technology & mobile app stores Failed to keep up w/ the rise of online retailers Failed to keep up w/ the rise of online shopping @suksr

6. ~200,000 job losses ~$220 Bn of costs for creditors incl. lost revenue, market share Failure to Adapt to Changing Circumstances @suksr

7. How to design systems that can evolve and thrive in the face of constant change? Organizations have to continously adapt and evolve to remain competitive @suksr

8. How to design systems that can evolve and thrive in the face of constant change? Understanding the business landscape and external forces acting on it Knowing the business domain & closely align system to business & user needs Aligning teams and evolving their interactions to the system & strategy @suksr

9. How to design systems that can evolve and thrive in the face of constant change? Understanding the business landscape and external forces to design effective strategies Knowing the business domain & closely align system to business needs Aligning teams and evolving their interactions to the system & strategy Wardley Mapping Domain-Driven Design Team Topologies @suksr Understanding the business landscape and external forces acting on it Knowing the business domain & closely align system to business & user needs Aligning teams and evolving their interactions to the system & strategy

10. Evolving a Legacy System Image source: https://www.food-management.com @suksr

11. Understanding the business landscape Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Position Movement Wardley Map @suksr

12. Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Know your users Focus on user needs Anchor Value Chain Invisible Visible Invisible The Landscape of the Current State @suksr

13. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content BBoM Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Online School SMTP Server Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Invisible Components fulfilling user needs Anchor Know your users Focus on user needs @suksr

14. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Uncharted Industrialised Components mapped to evolution stages

15. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Uncharted Industrialised Online School Some characteristics of Evolution Stages High change rate High Uncertainty Undefined market Stable Known Mature market

16. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server A Wardley Map of the Current State Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Uncharted Industrialised Common understanding of landscape Challenge assumptions where to innovate, improve efficiency, or outsource

17. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server External Forces Impacting the Landscape: Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School

18. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server External Forces Impacting the Landscape: Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School “Understanding climatic patterns is important when anticipating change” Simon Wardley

19. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server External Forces Impacting the Landscape: Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Cloud-hosted services/ Serverless compute Everything evolves through supply and demand competition + Competition + Efficiency Large Language Model + Competition + Efficiency “Understanding climatic patterns is important when anticipating change” Simon Wardley

20. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server External Forces Impacting the Landscape: Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Cloud-hosted services/ Serverless compute Everything evolves through supply and demand competition + Competition + Efficiency Large Language Model + Competition + Efficiency Content Recommendations Efficiency enables innovation “Understanding climatic patterns is important when anticipating change” Simon Wardley

21. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server External Forces Impacting the Landscape: Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Cloud-hosted services/ Serverless compute Everything evolves through supply and demand competition + Competition + Efficiency Assist Content Creation Large Language Model + Competition + Efficiency Content Recommendations Efficiency enables innovation Higher order systems create new source of value + Value “Understanding climatic patterns is important when anticipating change” Simon Wardley

22. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Understanding Landscape & Climatic Patterns Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School Cloud-hosted services/ Serverless compute + Competition + Efficiency Assist Content Creation Large Language Model + Competition + Efficiency Content Recommendations + Value Understanding our landscape & climatic patterns helps us to anticipate opportunities Points of potential change / Where to invest?

23. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly?

24. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? “A system is more than the sum of its parts, it’s a product of their interactions.” Dr. Russell Ackoff

25. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system SMTP Server “A system is more than the sum of its parts, it’s a product of their interactions.” Dr. Russell Ackoff

26. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling How are parts within an architecture coupled? SMTP Server

27. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? SMTP Server

28. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling UI-Teams Backend-Teams Handover Infrastructure-Teams Handover Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Functional silo teams need to hand off work to other teams Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? Where do teams depend on other teams’ activities and expertise? SMTP Server

29. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling UI-Teams Backend-Teams Handover Infrastructure-Teams Handover Mind dependencies & communication bandwidth between teams Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Functional silo teams need to hand off work to other teams Handover requires high communication and coordination efforts between teams Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? Where do teams depend on other teams’ activities and expertise? SMTP Server

30. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling UI-Teams Backend-Teams Handover Infrastructure-Teams Handover Mind dependencies & communication bandwidth between teams Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Functional silo teams need to hand off work to other teams Handover requires high communication and coordination efforts between teams Mind constraints limiting the system’s performance Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? Where do teams depend on other teams’ activities and expertise? Teams that cannot keep up w/ demand become constraints SMTP Server

31. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling UI-Teams Backend-Teams Handover Infrastructure-Teams Handover Mind dependencies & communication bandwidth between teams Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Functional silo teams need to hand off work to other teams Handover requires high communication and coordination efforts between teams Mind constraints limiting the system’s performance Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? Where do teams depend on other teams’ activities and expertise? Teams that cannot keep up w/ demand become constraints Mind potential efficiency gaps Using less evolved components could indicate inefficiencies SMTP Server

32. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Students Course Class Students Content Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Assessing Responsiveness to Change Asking for Help Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses @suksr BBoM Online School How well are we equipped to evolve and to respond to changes quickly? Analyzing dependencies within a system Big ball of mud leads to tight change coupling UI-Teams Backend-Teams Handover Infrastructure-Teams Handover Mind dependencies & communication bandwidth between teams Big ball of mud leads to high cognitive load and no clear ownership Functional silo teams need to hand off work to other teams Handover requires high communication and coordination efforts between teams Mind constraints limiting the system’s performance Mind team cognitive load How are parts within an architecture coupled? Where do teams depend on other teams’ activities and expertise? Teams that cannot keep up w/ demand become constraints Slow Responsiveness to Change Mind potential efficiency gaps Using less evolved components could indicate inefficiencies SMTP Server

33. Optmizing Flow of Change Functional silo teams Cross-functional, small, long-lived autonomous teams Repeated, frequent handover between teams High on-going communciation & coordination efforts between teams No handover between teams Minimizing team cognitive load Monolithic, tightly coupled big ball of mud w/ messy model & fuzzy boundaries Efficiency Gaps Modular, well- encapsulated, loosely coupled architecture Closing Efficiency Gaps Eliminating Constraints Minimizing communciation & coordination efforts between teams High team cognitive load Delivery Bottlenecks Managing dependencies @suksr

34. Architecture for Flow Building adaptive socio-technical optimized for a fast flow of change Wardley Mapping Domain-Driven Design Team Topologies Architecture for Flow @suksr

35. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses BBoM Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Online School SMTP Server Architecture For Flow @suksr Finding suitable streams of change

36. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow BBoM Online School @suksr Finding suitable streams of change Discover subdomain types Core Domain Build Student Problem Domain

37. Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Evolution Cost advantage Past Current Future Differentiation advantage Competitive advantage The Core Domain And Evolution @suksr

38. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow BBoM Online School @suksr Discover subdomain types Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Build Buy / Use Student Problem Domain Finding suitable streams of change

39. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow BBoM Online School @suksr Discover subdomain types Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Generic Subdomain Build Buy / Use Outsource Student Problem Domain Finding suitable streams of change

40. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow BBoM Online School @suksr Discover subdomain types Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Generic Subdomain Build Buy / Use Outsource Student Problem Domain Finding suitable streams of change Strategic investment Build/buy/outsource decisions

41. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow BBoM Online School @suksr Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Generic Subdomain Discover subdomain types Finding suitable streams of change Decomposing into bounded contexts

42. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Notification H. Course Studies @suksr Decomposing into bounded contexts Discover subdomain types Finding suitable streams of change Group related behaviour together Serve as well-defined ownership boundaries Enforcing high cohesion & modularity Domain Experts Development Teams Collaboration Available Techniques: - EventStorming - Domain Storytelling - Example Mapping - Userstory Mapping - etc.

43. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Notification H. Course Studies @suksr Decomposing into bounded contexts Discover subdomain types Find suitable team boundaries Bounded contexts as team boundaries for stream- aligned teams Finding suitable streams of change

44. Stream-aligned team Fast flow of change @suksr Four Team Types of Team Topologies

45. Stream-aligned team Platform team Fast flow of change @suksr Four Team Types of Team Topologies

46. Stream-aligned team Platform team Enabling team Fast flow of change @suksr Four Team Types of Team Topologies

47. Stream-aligned team Platform team Enabling team Complicated subsystem team Fast flow of change @suksr Four Team Types of Team Topologies

48. Stream-aligned team Platform team Enabling team Complicated subsystem team Increasing autonomy Reducing cognitive load Fast flow of change @suksr Four Team Types of Team Topologies

49. Collaboration X-as-a-Service Facilitating API Rapid discovery Predictable delivery Active help @suksr Three Interaction Modes

50. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Notification H. Course Studies @suksr Decomposing into bounded contexts Discover subdomain types Find suitable team boundaries Bounded contexts as team boundaries for stream- aligned teams Finding suitable streams of change Optimize for team cognitive load Limit number, type, size of components per team

51. Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Evolution Rate of Change Path to action High Low Clear Unclear Uncertainty High Low Novel Practices Emerging Practices Good Practices Best Practices High Low Cognitive Load Number and/or Size of Components a Single Team can handle (heuristic) Architecture For Flow @suksr Optimize for team cognitive load Limit number, type, size of components per team

52. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Notification H. Course Studies @suksr Decomposing into bounded contexts Discover subdomain types Find suitable team boundaries Bounded contexts as team boundaries for stream- aligned teams Finding suitable streams of change Optimize for team cognitive load Limit number, type, size of components per team Create clear ownership boundaries

53. Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Evolution Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Generic Subdomain Build in-house Use/buy off-the-shelf product Outsource to utility suppliers User User need User need User need User need User need Context Map Relationship @suksr Clear ownership boundaries Bounded contexts assigned to a single team Bounded contexts not shared across teams One team can own several bounded contexts

54. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Notification H. Course Studies @suksr Decomposing into bounded contexts Discover subdomain types Find suitable team boundaries Bounded contexts as team boundaries for stream- aligned teams Finding suitable streams of change Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM SMTP Server Identify services needed to support reliable flow of change Services form platform-as- a-service for stream- aligned teams Genesis Optimize for team cognitive load Limit number, type, size of components per team Create clear ownership boundaries

55. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Course Studies Data Storage Message Broker Search E. Compute SMTP Server Stream-aligned team 1 Stream-aligned team 2 Stream-aligned team 3 Notification H. Stream-aligned team 4 Platform team(s) VM @suksr A possible team constellation

56. Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Evolution Explorer Villagers Townplanners own own own own Build in-house Use/buy off-the-shelf product Outsource to utility suppliers Exploring & Experimenting Improving & Stabilizing Maturing & Optimizing A Mix of Mindsets per Team @suksr

57. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Architecture For Flow Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Course Studies Data Storage Message Broker Search E. Compute SMTP Server Notification H. VM @suksr Everything evolves through supply and demand competition Identify & close potential efficiency gaps Efficiency enables innovation

58. Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Online School SMTP Server UI Team Backend Team Infrastructure Team Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) DBaaS MBaaS SEaaS Serverless Compute SMTPaaS IDPaaS SA team 1 SA team 2 SA team 3 SA team 4 Platform team(s)  How to transition? @suksr

59. Backend team Infrastructure team Frontend team Platform team Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Data Storage Message Broker Search Engine Compute VM Online School SMTP Server Replatforming Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Evolution of Team Topologies @suksr

60. Backend team Frontend team Platform team Stream-aligned team 1 Refactoring Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Serverless Compute Evolution of Team Topologies Discover and assess cloud options for the future bounded context @suksr

61. Backend team Frontend team Platform team Stream-aligned team 1 Refactoring Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Serverless Compute Evolution of Team Topologies API Best practices, standards, tools, APIs to easily consume cloud services @suksr

62. Backend team Frontend team Platform team Stream-aligned team 1 Refactoring Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Serverless Compute Stream-aligned team 2 Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Serverless Compute API Evolution of Team Topologies Facilation w/ sharing knowledge & internal coaching @suksr

63. Platform team Stream-aligned team 1 Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) BBoM Online School DBaaS SEaaS MBaaS Elastic Compute SMTPaaS Serverless Compute Stream-aligned team 2 API Stream-aligned team 3 Stream-aligned team 4 Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) DBaaS MBaaS SEaaS Serverless Compute SMTPaaS IDPaaS Evolution of Team Topologies @suksr

64. Value Chain Invisible Visible Planning Create Teacher Helping Evaluating Signup/Signin Student Asking Students for Help Course Class Students Content Receiving Evaluation Feedback Studying Courses Evolution Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) Content Creation Class Mngmnt. Learning Support Student Evaluation Identity & Access Course Studies DBaaS MBaaS SEaaS Serverless Compute SMTPaaS Stream-aligned team 1 Stream-aligned team 2 Stream-aligned team 3 Notification H. Stream-aligned team 4 Platform team(s) IDPaaS Core Domain Supporting Subdomain Generic Subdomain Build in-house Use/buy off-the-shelf product Outsource to utility suppliers @suksr Modular, well- encapsulated, loosely coupled architecture Cross-functional, small, long-lived autonomous teams No handover between teams Closing Efficiency Gaps Minimizing team cognitive load Minimizing communciation & coordination efforts between teams Eliminating Constraints

65. Value Chain Invisible Visible Build & test service Release & deploy service Monitor service Supporting/provision infrastructure VCS Pipeline-as- a-service CI/CD-Pipeline Build-server Test automation Artifact repository/ container registry deployment environment Stream-aligned teams Platform team 1 @suksr API X-as-a-Service Value Chain

66. Value Chain Invisible Visible Build & test service Release & deploy service Monitor service Supporting/provision infrastructure VCS Pipeline-as- a-service CI/CD-Pipeline Build-server Test automation Artifact repository/ container registry deployment environment Monitoring- as-a-service Observability Dashboards Alerts Log mngmnt. Metrics handling Distributed tracing Stream-aligned teams @suksr Platform team 1 Platform team 2 API API X-as-a-Service Value Chain

67. Build & test service Release & deploy service Monitor service Supporting/provision infrastructure VCS Pipeline-as- a-service CI/CD-Pipeline Build-server Test automation Artifact repository/ container registry deployment environment Monitoring- as-a-service Observability Dashboards Alerts Log mngmnt. Metrics handling Distributed tracing Stream-aligned teams Platform- as-a-service Runtime environment Database Search engine Message broker Compute VM Storage Networking @suksr Platform team 1 Platform team 2 Platform team 3 API API API X-as-a-Service Value Chain Value Chain Invisible Visible

68. Build & test service Release & deploy service Monitor service Supporting/provision infrastructure VCS Pipeline-as- a-service CI/CD-Pipeline Build- server Test automation Artifact repository/ container registry deployment environment Monitoring- as-a-service Observability Dashboards Alerts Log mngmnt. Metrics handling Distributed tracing Stream-aligned teams Platform- as-a-service Runtime environment Database Search engine Message broker Compute VM Storage Networking @suksr Platform team 2 Platform team 3 API API X-as-a-Service Value Chain Value Chain Invisible Visible Design-system- as-a-service Style- guides Widget Libraries Design Principles Platform team 1 API Platform team 4 API

69. Value Chain Invisible Visible Build & test application Release & deploy application Monitor application Supporting/provision infrastructure Pipeline-as- a-service Monitoring- as-a-service Stream-aligned teams Platform- as-a-service Platform teams Software design & architecture Application security UX & Accessibility Software development Testing & QA Provide X-as-a-service Product Management Enabling teams API Temporary facilitation Self-service X-as-a-Service @suksr API Facilitation Value Chain Design-System- as-a-service

70. Value Chain Invisible Visible Build & test application Release & deploy application Monitor application Supporting/provision infrastructure Pipeline-as- a-service Monitoring- as-a-service Stream-aligned teams Platform- as-a-service Platform teams Software design & architecture Application security UX & Accessibility Software development Testing & QA Provide X-as-a-service Standards APIs Templates Best Practices Documentation Product Management Developer Experience Infrastructure Security Infrastructure Maintenance Backup & Recovery Infrastructure as Code Infrastructure Provisioning Monitoring & Observability API Temporary facilitation Self-service X-as-a-Service @suksr Enabling teams API Facilitation Value Chain Design-System- as-a-service

71. Past success breeds inertia to change Past success + Inertia But we are successful, why should we change? @suksr

72. Past success + Inertia But we are successful, why should we change? Inertia to change can kill an organisation Past success breeds inertia to change @suksr

73. Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) DBaaS MBaaS SEaaS Serverless Compute SMTPaaS IDPaaS SA team 1 SA team 2 SA team 3 SA team 4 Platform team(s) Enabling teams Value Chain Invisible Visible Genesis Custom-Built Product (+rental) Commodity (+utility) DBaaS MBaaS SEaaS Serverless Compute SMTPaaS IDPaaS SA team 1 SA team 2 SA team 3 SA team 4 Platform team(s) Enabling teams Responsive to Change Leading future Change Differentiation Fast Follower of uncharted domains First Mover to industrialize a component Co-operation & alliances Sensing Engines (ILC) @suksr

74. Start small You could start with ... … a Wardley Map to understand your competitive landscape, and use the map as a foundation for future discussions … or your current teams and analyse their current cognitive load and bottlenecks … or identifying suitables seams for modularisation with subdomains & bounded contexts @suksr

75. Start small And their paths eventually cross ... Architecture for Flow @suksr

76. Key Takeaways • Understanding the landscape an organization is operating & competing in including the external forces acting on the landscape • Anticipate changes and identifying potential points to invest • Gaining domain knowledge & discovering the core • Knowing what components to build, buy/use, or outsource Wardley Mapping Domain-Driven Design Team Topologies @suksr

77. Key Takeaways • Modular, well-encapsulated architecture & well- defined ownership boundaries w/ bounded contexts • Aligning teams and evolving their interactions to the system we build & the strategy we plan • Eliminating delivery bottlenecks & increasing software delivery performance • Optimizing for a a fast flow of change to be able to adapt, evolve and thrive in the face of constant change Wardley Mapping Domain-Driven Design Team Topologies @suksr • Understanding the landscape an organization is operating & competing in including the external forces acting on the landscape • Anticipate changes and identifying potential points to invest • Gaining domain knowledge & discovering the core • Knowing what components to build, buy/use, or outsource

78. https://medium.com/wardleymaps https://learnwardleymapping.com/ https://github.com/wardley-maps- community/awesome-wardley-maps https://githup.com/ddd-crew https://www.dddheuristics.com Some References @suksr

79. If you are interested in more details ... @suksr

80. Susanne Kaiser Independent Tech Consultant @suksr

Adaptive Socio-Technical Systems w/ Architecture for Flow

Adaptive Socio-Technical Systems w/ Architecture for Flow

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