Routing concept with RIP,OSPF,ect.

1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KURUKSHETRA
Computer Engineering Department
Submitted to
Ms Dipti Goel
Assistant professor
Computer department
Routing Basics
concepts
Submitted by
Navin Budania
1130608
Co-4

2. Routing Concepts
• Introduction
• Router
• IPv4
• Routing Methods
• Static routing
• Dynamic routing
• Distance vector routing protocol
• RIP
• Link –state routing protocol
• OSPF

3. INTRODUCTION
• Forwarding the packets from one network to
the other network choosing the best path from
the routing table.
• Routing makes possible for two or more
networks to communicate with each other
• Routing table only consist of only the best
routes for each destination.
• Routing is done by router.

4. ROUTER
• Router is a device which makes connection
possible between two or more different
networks present at same or different
geographical locations.
• It does two basic things:.
1. Select the best path from the routing table.
2. Forward the packet on that path.

5. ROUTER
• Routers are classified in two classes.
1. Fixed Routers
2. Modular Routers
• There are three types of ports on the router.
1. LAN ports :Ethernet ports, fast Ethernet ports
2. WAN ports: Serial interfaces
3. Administrative Ports

7. LAN PORT

8. WAN PORT

9. ROUTER
• Internal components of router
– ROM(Read Only Memory)
– POST(Power on self Test)
– Mini-IOS
– RAM(Random Access Memory)
– Flash Memory
– NVRAM(Non-Volatile RAM)

10. Router
• Modes of the router
– Set up mode
• Continue with configuration dialog[yes/no]
– User mode
• Router>
– Privileged mode
• Router#
– Global configuration mode
• Router(config)#
– Interface mode
• Router(config-if)#

11. IPv4
• Internet uses IPv4
 Addresses are 32 bits long
 Range from 1.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
• Classification in classes
• Class A : 1 to 127
• Class B : 128 to 191
• Class C : 192 to 223

12. IPv4 subnet mask
• Subnet mask
 mask represents the number of network
bits in the 32 bit address
 the remaining bits are the host bits
• Default subnet mask
Class A : 255.0.0.0
Class B : 255.255.0.0
Class C : 255.255.255.0

13. Static Routing
• It is configured manually by the administrator.
• Mandatory need for the destination network
ID
• Used for small organizations
• In static routing the administrator decide the
best path
• Administrator should know that what is the
destination ID and how many routes to reach
that destination

14. Static Routing
• Advantage
– No overhead on the router CPU
– No bandwidth use
– Security
• Disadvantage
– Used for small network

15. Configuring Static Routing

16. Configuring Static Routing
• Router0(config)#ip route <destination
network ID> <destination subnet mask>
<next hop ip address>

17. Dynamic Routing
• Routing tables are automatically update
• Two types
– Distance vector routing algorithms
– Link –state routing algorithm

18. Distance vector routing Algorithm
• Calculate distance between routers based on hop
count.
• Updates are sent to directly connected neighbour
only
• Routers don`t have end to end visibility of entire
network
• Routing loops
• Use Bellman Ford Algorithm
• Example : RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

19. RIP
• Use hop count as metric
• Supports hop count limit 15
• AD value is 120
• More convergence time
• Periodic – 30sec update

20. Configure RIP
Router>enable
Router#conf terminal
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network <network
address of own network>

21. Configure RIP

22. Link –state Routing Algorithm
• Updates are sent to entire network
• Routers have visibility of entire network
• No routing loops
• Use Dijkshtra Algorithm
• Link State Database
• Example : OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

23. OSPF
• Standard protocol
• Administrative distance is 110
• Unlimited hop count
• Must have one area called as area 0
• All the areas must connect to area 0
• Faster convergence

24. AREA
Other routing
domain
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
Area 0
backbone
ABR
ABRABR

25. Configure OSPF
• The syntax for configuring OSPF is :
– Process ID
– Network IP Address
– Wildcard mask
– Area
• Configuration
router(config)#router ospf 10
router(config-router)#network <network IP
address of own router> <wildcard mask> area
area_no