Study of the immune system action and the different types of immune system

1. Basic of
immunology

2. What Is IMMUNITY ?
It is the ability to protect our
body against some foreign particle
or for foreign bodies like Bacteria,
Virus etc. It is also known as
DISEASE RESISTANCE and lack of
it is known as SUCCEPTIBILITY.

3. Types of IMMUNITY-
There are two types of IMMUNITY are found-
1. Innate or non-specific immunity.
2. Acquired or specific immunity.
The Acquired Immunity may be active or
passive (artificial or vaccination).

4. 1. Innate Immunity-
Innate Immunity is inherited from parents to
the offspring. There are 2 (two) types in case of
Innate Immunity.
 The “External Defense” also called as first
line of defense includes physical as well as
Physiological defense that act as barrier to prevent
antigens to enter in the body.
 The “Internal Defense” also called as
Second line of defense includes cellular barrier’s
like leucocytes, natural killer cell that prevent and
destroy the antigen entry.

5. 2. Acquired Immunity-
It is the immunity in our body which is
acquired from our surroundings and from
different physiological factors of our body after
birth.
It is also called third line of defense that
works against microbes and harmful molecules
(i.e. Antigens) by forming specific and mediated
by Antibodies and lymphocytes.

6. THE COMPONENTS OF ACQUIREDIMMUNITY
There are 2(two) components of
Acquired Immunity-
1. Humeral Immunity or Antibody
Mediated Immune System (AMIS).
2. Cellular Immunity or Cell
Mediated Immune System (CMIS).

7. i) HUMORAL OR ANTIBODY
MEDIATED IMMUNITY [AMIS]
* This immunity consist of Antibodies
(specially proteins) that circular in the
body fluids like blood and lymph.
* This immunity is regulated by B-
lymphocyte (B-cells) and T-
lymphocyte that help B-cells to
secrete antibodies.
* There are two types of B-cells also
called colonel cells-
a). Plasma B-cells that secrets
Antibodies having shorter life span.
b). Memory cells which are
undifferentiated plasma B-cells
having longer life span.

8. ii) CELLULAR OR CELL
MEDIATED IMMUNITY [CMIS]
* In this immunity cells involve
are specifically the T-cells so
it is also called T-cell
immunity.
* T-cell performs multiple
functions which is Effecter
and Regulatory.
Effecter function includes
cytolysis (destruction of foreign
cells)
Regulatory function is for
increase or suppress other
lymphocytes and accessory

9. TYPES OF T-Cells
a) Helper T-cells (TH) or Inducer cells which recognize
the antigen, stimulate B-cells and activate
macrophage.
b) Cytotoxic T-cell (TC) or killer cells that secrets
‘PERFORINS’
or hole forming and cytotoxic as well as hydrolytic
enzyme that destroys foreign cells.
c) Memory T-Cell which stores the information of the
specific antibody for future attack resistance by the
same antigen.
d) Supporting cells or Regulatory cells that can
suppress the function of cytotoxic T-cells preventing
auto immune disorder/Malfunction.

10. RELATION BETWEEN HUMORAL
& CELLULAR IMMUNITY
> The action of both the system as-

11. Difference Between AMIS &
CMIS
AMIS or HUMORAL IMMUNITY CMIS or CELLULAR IMMUNITY
i) It consist of antibody that
eructate in body fluids.
i) It consist lymphocytes
i.e. T-cell & B-Cell that
attack antigen and
protozoa.
ii) It defends the body
against virus and bacteria.
ii) It defends the body
against all Pathogen
including Fungi and
Protozoa.
iii) It doesn't respond to
transplants.
iii) It reacts against
transplant.
iv) It doesn't provide
immunity against cancer.
iv) It can provide immunity
against cancer.

12. Why Both (AMIS & CMIS) Immunity Is Needed ?
 Humeral immunity is needed to protect the
body from foreign particle life virus,
bacteria, toxin etc that CMIS can’t provide
well.
 Cell mediated immunity is needed as AMIS
can’t response to Fungi and Protozoa
Pathogens.
 Both defense system (AMIS & CMIS) together
forms the complete acquired immune system
that protects the body.
 Without T-cell support auto immune system
can arise that can destroy its own cell.

14. Thank YouThank You