Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose.

1. TISSUE ENGINEERING
IN REGENERATIVE
MEDICINE
Submitted by:
1. Suman Nandy
2. Syed Ahmed Tasnim
3. Md. Moniruzzaman
4. Abir Debnath
A Presentation on
DEPARTMENT OF
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING ,BUET.

2. CONTENTS
 Definition
 Historical Background
 Need for Tissue Engineering
 Strategies to engineered tissue
 Basic Principles

3. REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Regenerative medicine is the "process of replacing or
regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or
establish normal function".
First cells are
isolated.
Then the isolated
cells are manipulated
expanded and or
organs are generated
from reprogrammed
cells.
The modified
cells are
transplanted
into patients.

4. TISSUE ENGINEERING
Ð Study of growth of new connective tissues/ organs from cells & a collagenous
scaffold to produce a fully functional organ.
Ð Term TE covers a broad range of applications.
Ð In practice-term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace
portions of or whole tissues i.e.
 Bone
 cartilage
 blood vessels
 bladder
 Skin
Ð Tissues involved require certain mechanical & structural properties for proper
functioning.

6. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 In 1987, Term “tissue engineering” was coined at a
National Science Foundation (N.S.F.) bioengineering
meeting in Washington D.C
 VACANTI & LANGER,
“A combination of the principles & methods of
life sciences with that of engineering, to develop materials &
methods to repair damaged or diseased tissues, & to create
entire tissue replacements”
 In 1994, TES was founded by Charles & Vacanti officially in
Boston.
 By 2005, TERMIS which included both Asian & European
Societies, was created.

7. WHY OPT FOR “REGENERATION”??
The shortage of organs
available for donation
Organ transplant rejection;
These unlimited supplies of
autologous cells like iPSCs could
be used to generate transplants
without the risk of immune
rejection.

8. NEED FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
 Holds promise of producing better organs for transplant.
 Correction of many incurable genetic defects.
 In-vitro construction of transplantable vital tissue.
 Revolutionize healthcare
 Supply of soft & hard CT on demand.

9. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
CELLS
SCAFFOLDS SIGNALLING
MOLECULES
REGENERATED
TISSUE
Time
Appropriate
Environment

10. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
 Cells
Stem cells are the cells which are able to self
renew and differentiate into mature cells
• Characteristics
1. Maintain and repair the tissues.
2. Regeneration.
3. Ability to develop into functional, differentiated cell.

11. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
 Classification of cells
1. Adult stem cells
2. Embryonic stem cells.

12. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
SCAFFOLDS
• Artificial structure capable of supporting three-
dimensional tissue formation.
• Allow cell attachment and migration.
• Deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors.
• Enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients.
• Exert certain mechanical and biological influences.

13. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
SCAFFOLDS
Tissues are composed of
 Porous Cells
insoluble extracellular
matrix (E.C.M.)
soluble molecules that serve
as regulators.

14. PROCESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
SIGNALLING MOLECULES
• Biological modifiers
• Key to cellular events in host tissue
• Stimulates or regulates the wound healing process.

15. APPLICATION
 Cell Therapies
 Develop specialized cells that represent renewable
sources of cells & tissue for transplantation.
 Cell replacement therapy
1. Muscular dystrophies.
2. Retinal degeneration.
3. Alzheimer disease
4. Parkinson's disease, arthritis.
5. spinal cord injuries, & blood disorders.

16. APPLICATION (cont’d)
iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug
discovery efforts and understanding the patient-
specific basis of disease.
In particular, the gene c-Myc is known to promote
tumor growth which would have negatively affected
iPSC usefulness in transplantation therapies but now
Glis1 TF is being used.
Efforts to generate iPSCs accomplished the goal
using retroviral vectors but now plasmids &
adinoviruses are used reducing mutagenesis risks.

17. APPLICATION (cont’d)
Certified Therapies
 Bone marrow transplant
 Umbilical cord blood transplant
Innovative Treatments
 Autologous activated adult mesenchymal stem
cell therapies derived from adipose tissue and
bone marrow.
 Skin derived iPSC treatments

18. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Gene Expression & Protein Synthesis
Genes are specific portions of DNA that code for proteins.
Their role in protein synthesis
Activation of transcription via cell surface receptors.
Transcription of DNA code into mRNA.
Processing of mRNA in preparation for transportation to
cytoplasm.
Transport of mRNA to cytoplasm.

19. SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION
 Most commonly used applications of tissue engineering is in
field of dermatology.
 Treatment of extensive burns done by soft tissue
augmentation.

20. REFERENCES
 Vacanti, Charles A. "The history of tissue engineering."
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 10 (2006): 569-
76.
 Lynch SE, Genco RJ, Marx RE. Tissue Engineering:
applications in maxillofacial surgery and periodontics.
 Tissue engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
 Langer R, Vacanti JP (May 1993). "Tissue
engineering". Science 260 (5110): 920–
6. doi:10.1126/science.8493529.
 Stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
 Stem Cells: General Features and Characteristics.
Hongxiang Hui.

21. CONCLUSION