This document discusses skin tissue engineering and skin substitutes. It begins with an overview of skin anatomy and function, the wound healing process, and scar formation versus regeneration. It then covers solutions for non-healing wounds like skin grafting and skin substitutes. Specifics of skin grafts and an example permanent bi-layer skin substitute called Apligraft are provided. The document aims to outline considerations for skin tissue engineering and wound healing solutions.

1. PROJECT TITLE
SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING
NAME - NITINJAY SINGH
ID - 17BTBIOCE011

2. CONTENT
 SKIN ANATOMY
 FUNCTION OF SKIN
 PROCESS OF WOUND HEALING
 SCAR FORMATION V/S REGENERATION
 SOLUTION WHEN WOUND NOT HEAL
 SKIN GRAFTING
 SKIN SUBSTITUTE
 APLIGRAFT

3. SKIN ANATOMY

4. FUNCTION OF SKIN
 HEAT REGULATION
 SENSATION
 SYNTHESIS AND STORAGE OF VITAMIN D
 EXTRACTION OF UNWANTED SUBSTANCE THROUGH SWEAT
 BLOOD RESERVOIR
 PROTECTION FROM FLUID LOSS AND ENVIRONMENT

5. PROCESS OF WOUND HEALING

7. SCAR FORMATION VS REGENERATION
REGENERATION
Tissues are able to replace damaged tissues and return to normal state
Proliferation of cells(angiogenesis)
Parenchymal organ
eg: liver cell
SCAR FORMATION
Incapable of complete restoration
Connective (fibrous) tissue
Deposition of collagen
eg: brain & heart cells

9. SOLUTIONS WHEN WOUND NOT HEAL
 INDUCED PRIMARY HEALING
Stitches
 DELAYED PRIMARY HEALING
Skin graft or engineered tissue

10. SKIN GRAFTING
It is a surgical procedure in which skin or skin substitute is
placed over a burn or non healing wound.
Purpose
 Permanent replace damage skin
 Temporary wound repairing

11. CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN GRAFT
• SPLIT SKIN GRAFT
Epidermis and small part of dermis layer
Heals rapidly , good survival
Skin harvest from back ,abdomen , thigh
• FULL THICKNESS GRAFT
Both epidermis and dermis
Resembles normal skin
Abdomen, groin, forearm

12. RISK FACTORS FOR SPLIT SKIN GRAFT
 Loss of hair growth
 infection
 Poor sensation
RISK FACTORS FOR FULL THICKNESS GRAFT
 Long healing time
 High risk of graft failure
 Donor sites are limited

13. SKIN SUBSTITUTE
 Provide rapid wound coverage solution
 Reduce or removed inhibitory factors of wound healing
 Reduced inflammatory response and scarring

14. IDEAL SKIN SUBSTITUTE
 TISSUE COMPATIBILITY
 PERMEABLITY
 FLEXIBLE
 WIDELY AVAILABLE
 RESIST INFECTION
 POROSITY TO GROWTH FIBROVASCULAR TISSUE

15. CLASSIFICATION
1. ON THE BASIS OF LAYERS

16. ON THE BASIS OF DURABILITY
 TEMPORARY SKIN SUBSTITUTE
PORCINE
AMNION
BIOBRANE
 PERMANENT SKIN SUBSTITUTE
INTEGRA
APLIGRAFT
ALLODERM

17. APLIGRAFT
 PERMANENT BI –LAYER SKIN SUBSTITUTE
 Epidermal layer : keratinocytes
 Dermal layer : fibroblasts in bovine type 1 collagen
 Cells from human neonatal foreskin tissue

18. USES
 Chronic wounds
 Diabetic ulcers
 Epidermolysis Bullosa
ADVANTAGES
 Readily available
DISADVANTAGES
 Risk of disease transmission
 Expensive

19. The End
Thank you