It's a Poster Presentation for Scientific Conference.

1. Background: The S. cumini was introduced to
Western medicine in the mid-nineteenth century,
when its antidiabetic properties were published.
Pharmacological studies have reported
hypoglycemic properties of this medicinal species.
Other experimental studies using different extracts of
the plant reported that S. cumini possesses
antioxidant activity, antihypertensive, anti-
atherosclerotic potentials, cardio-protective effect
and hepato-protective effect.
Methodology: The methanolic extracts of S. cumini
seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were
administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats daily,
with fasting blood glucose levels being measured by
glucometry at one-day interval for a duration of two
weeks. Biochemical assays to evaluate changes in
the functions of the heart, liver,pancreas and kidney
were carried out. Histopathological changes in the
diabetic rat organs (pancreas, liver, heart, kidney and
spleen) were also observed after the 14 days of
treatment with the extracts.
Results: Oral administration of methanolic extracts
of S. cumini seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight),
with gliclazide as a positive control (25 mg/kg),
showed beneficial effects including lowering blood
glucose levels (P < 0.001), improved heart and liver
functions, and hyperlipidemia due to diabetes. At 200
mg/kg, the extracts reversed cardiac and liver
damage caused by alloxan.
Conclusion: In addition to the anti-hyperglycemic
activity of methanolic extracts of S. cumini seeds, the
extracts demonstrates potential to minimize cardiac
and hepatic complications
Methods
Cardio- and hepato-protective potential of methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini (L.)Skeels seeds: A diabetic rat
model Study
Sumaiya Nahid1, Kishor Mazumder1,2*, Zillur Rahman3, Saiful Islam3, Md. Humayun Rashid1, Philip Grey Kerr2
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Foy's Lake, Pahartali, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
2School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, WaggaWagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
3Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
ReferencesSerum insulin levels were deter-mined by using ELISA.
Total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, ALP, low
density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL and total proteins levels
were also evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic
rats as reported by Monday and Uzoma.[5] Serum ALT and
serum AST were measured by autoanalyser. [6] [7]
.
1. Ahmed MF, Kazim SM, Ghori SS, Mehjabeen SS, Ahmed SR, Ali SM, Ibrahim M. Antidiabetic
activity of Vinca rosea extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of
Endocrinology. 2010 Jun 22;2010.
2. Williams L. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on
detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-.
3. Atawodi SE, Yakubu OE, Liman ML, Iliemene DU. Effect of methanolic extract of Tetrapleura
tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub leaves on hyperglycemia and indices of diabetic
complications in alloxan–induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2014
Apr 30;4(4):272-8.
4. Ivyrose Holistic. How to prepare histology slides[Internet].[Place unknown];[Publisher
Unknown];[Date Unknown][2003-2007;Cited 26.02.2015].Avalable from:
http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Histology/How-to-Prepare-Histology-Slides.php
5. Monday OM, Uzoma AI. Histological changes and antidiabetic activities of Icacina trichantha tuber
extract in beta-cells of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(8): 628-
33.
6. Donga S, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Ashok BK, Mishtry IU. Chronic toxicity study of Butea
monosperma (Linn) Kuntze seeds in albino rats. Ayu 2011; 32(1): 120-5.
7. Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Antidiabetic and free radicals scavenging potential of Euphorbia
hirta flower extract. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 72(4): 533-7.
A. Biochemical study
Abstract Results
0
5
10
15
20
25
Day 0 Day 7 Day 9 Day 11 Day 14
BloodGlucose
Normal
Control
Extract 100 mg/kg
Extract 200 mg/kg
Glicazide 25 mg/kg
Effectof MethanolicExtract of S. cumini on Blood Glucose
Animals
• Wistaralbino rats of either sex
• aged8–10 weeks
• weighing 230–250g each
Chemicals
and kits
• Analytical grade- Alloxan monohydrate (98.82%), formalin
(10%), xylene, ethanol (95%), eosin, hematoxylin, and
normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) were used.Total
cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), serum
creatinine, serum urea, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
alanine transaminase (ALT), serum aspartate trans-aminase
(AST) and triglyceride standard kits. Blood glucose level
was measured using an Optium Xceed glucose meter.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Normal Control Extract 100
mg/kg
Extract200
mg/kg
Glicazide 25
mg/kg
mg/dl
AST
ALT
ALP
Effect ofmethanolic extract ofs.cuminiseedson
liver parametersin diabetic rats
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Normal Control Extract 100 mg/kg Extract 200 mg/kg Glicazide 25 mg/kg
mg/dL
Effect of the methanolic extract of S. cumini seeds on lipid profile
Total cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL cholesterol
Effect ofmethanolic extract ofs.cuminiseedson
liverparametersin diabetic rats
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Normal Control Extract 100
mg/kg
Extract 200
mg/kg
Glicazide 25
mg/kg
g/dl
Total protein
Bilirubin
B. Histopathological Study
Pancreas
• Pancreatic sections of the diabetic control rats showed atrophy of b-cells and
degenerative changes in the islets (Figure 1B). The pancreatic section of a diabetic
rat treated with the extract at 200 mg/kg revealed the preservation of compact
islets and b-cells, along with mild b-cell hyperplasia (Figure 1C).
Heart
• The diabetic group section showed mild edematous changes in the cardiac muscle
fiber and infiltration by a few mixed inflammatory cells (Figure 2B). The cardiac
section of a diabetic rat treated with the extract at 200 mg/kg (Figure 2C) showed
marked improvement and recoveryfrom damage.
Liver
• The histopathology of liver (Figure 3) showed the diabetic control group with marked
morphological changes, including necrosis in the hepatic muscle fiber and
infiltration by mixed inflammatory cells (Figure 3B). A liver section of the extract
treated (200 mg/kg) diabetic rat revealed normal hepatic tissue compared to that
of the diabetic control (Figure 3C).
Conclusion
The present biochemical and histopathological experiments on
diabetic rats confirmed that the methanolic extract of S. cumini
seeds has not only anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic
activities, but more importantly, it can lead to recovery from
cardiac and liver damage. Accordingly, our re-sults support the
traditional notions that the plant extract has significant effects on
the control or cessation of diabetes-related complications such
as cardiovascular disease and liver damage.
The blood glucose levels of the alloxan induced diabetic rats were
measured on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 using an Optium Xceed
glucose meter after daily oral administration of the Methanolic seed
extracts.
Biochemical & Histopathological Study
Blood collection for
the Lipid Profile
Estimation
[1]
[2][3]
For Detail Information: Send
mail at
Sumaiya.nahid@yahoo.com
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