Ovarian hormones

1. Anatomy
and
Physiology
Endocrine System
Prepared by:- Roll No.
Sukesh Kumar Yadav (28)
Susmita Sapkota (29)
Yuvraj Bhagat (30)

2. Ovary
Ovary is the gonads or primary sex organs in females
A woman has two ovaries.
Dimension
about 3 cm in length , 2 cm in wide
and 1 cm in thick
Location
Lies in a shallow fossa
on lateral walls of the pelvis

3. Attachment
Each ovary is attached to upper part of uterus by ovarian
ligament
Back of broad ligament by a broad band of tissue
i.e. the mesovarian
Blood vessels and nerves pass through
the mesovarian

4. Fig. : section of ovary (Ovarian follicles and corpus luteum)

5. Ovary have two layer of tissue
1. Medulla
lies in Centre of ovary and surrounded by cortex
consist of fibrous tissue, blood vessels and nerves
2. Cortex
has a framework of connective tissue, or stroma
Covered by germinal epithelium
It contains ovarian follicles in various stage of
maturity
(each of ovarian follicles contain an ovum)

6. Functions of ovaries are:
(Ovaries are the primary sex organs in females)
Secretion of female sex hormones
Oogenesis
Menstrual cycle.

7. Hormones secretes from Ovaries
1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
Ovary also secretes :
Insulin, relaxin and
small quantities of androgens

8. ESTROGEN
Source of secretion
In non-pregnant woman
In theca interna cells of ovarian follicles
small quantity by corpus luteum of the ovaries
Also small quantity by adrenal cortex
In pregnant woman
large amount of estrogen secreted by the placenta.

9. Estrogen is present in three forms in plasma:
1. β-estradiol
2. Estrone
3. Estriol
quantity and potency of β-estradiol are more than of two

10. FUNCTIONS OF ESTROGEN
Promotes the growth of ovarian follicles
Increases the secretory activity of theca cells
Enlargement of uterus to about double of its childhood
Changes the vaginal epithelium forms to prevent infections
i.e. cuboidal into stratified
 development of secondary sexual character in females (at Puberty)
i.e. Hair distribution, Skin, Body shape, voice, etc.
Induces anabolism of proteins, to increases total body protein

11. PROGESTERONE
Source of Secretion
In non-pregnant woman
small quantity is secreted by theca interna cells of ovaries
(in first half menstrual cycle / i.e. during follicular stage)
large quantity is secreted during the latter half of each menstrual cycle
(i.e. during secretory phase by the corpus luteum)
Small amount is also secreted from adrenal cortex

12. In pregnant woman
Large amount is secretes by corpus luteum
(in first trimester)
In second trimester corpus luteum degenerates
Also secretes large quantity by placenta
(in second and third trimester)

13. FUNCTIONS OF PROGESTERONE
Preparation of the uterus for pregnancy and breast for lactation
Promotes secretions of fallopian tubes for nutrition of fertilized ovum
Increases the thickness of cervical mucosa for inhibits the transport
of sperm into uterus
Increases the body temperature after ovulation
Increases reabsorption of sodium and water from the renal tubules.

14. Reference
Essentials of Medical Physiology
by K Sembulingam And Prema Sembulingam
Ross and Wilson ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
in Health and Illness
by Anne Waugh and Allson Grant,

15. Any
Question?