The document provides an overview of human reproduction including sexual characteristics, the reproductive systems of males and females, and the processes of reproduction. It describes puberty and the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. It then details the key parts of the male and female reproductive systems such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, testes, and penis. The document concludes by explaining the processes of gamete production, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth.

1. .

3. UNIT 2: HUMAN
REPRODUCTION

4. INDEX:
* Reading Comprehension.
* Written Essay.
1.- Sexual Characteristics.
1.1. Primary Characteristics.
1.2. Puberty.
1.3. Secondary
Characteristics

5. 2. The Human Reproductive
System.
2.1. The Female Reproductive
System
2.2. The Male Reproductive
System

6. 3. Processes in Human Reproduction.
3.1. Production of gametes
3.1.1. The female gamete: the
ovum
3.1.2. The male gamete: the
spermatozoid.
3.2.- Fertilization
3.3.- Pregnancy
3.4.- Childbirth.

7. 1.-SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.1.- Primary sexual characteristics
We have these characteristics
when we are born.
They are the reproductive
organs

8. 1.2.- Puberty and
Adolescence.
Puberty is the time when the
reproductive system matures and
secondary characteristics appear.
It starts when the pituitary gland
sends hormones to the genital
organs.
Adolescence is the period of
mental transition from childhood
to adulthood.

9. 1.2.- Puberty and
Adolescence.

10. 1.3.- Secondary sexual
characteristics
*GIRLS reach puberty between
11 and 14 years and the
secondary characteristics are:


11. 1.3.- Secondary sexual
characteristics
BOYS reach puberty between 13
and 15 years and the secondary
characteristics are:
 Lower voices
 More developed muscles
 Lot of facial and body hair.

13. 2.- THE HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

14. 2.1.- The Female
Reproductive
System

15. The ovaries
The fallopian
tubes
The uterus
The vagina
The vulva

16. Ovaries.
The ovaries are
two oval
organs, the
size of a nut.
They produce
the ovules.

17. Fallopian Tubes
They are two
conducts about
10 cm long.
They connect
the ovaries to
the uterus.

18. Uterus
It is a hollow
organ with
walls made of
muscle.
It is the shape
and size of a
pear.
The cervix
connects it to
the vagina

19. Vagina
It is a conduct
about 15 cm
long.
The walls are
made of muscle
and it connects
the uterus with
the exterior.
Vulva
It is formed by
folds of skin, called
labia.
They cover and
protect the
orificies of
the vagina and
urethra.

20. Vagina

21. 2.2.- The Male
Reproductive System

22. vas deference
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
penis
testicles
scrotum

23. Vas deferens.
It is a tube that leaves each
testicle and connects them
to the urethra.

24. Glands:
Prostate &
Seminal Vesicles
They produce
liquids that mix
with the sperm
and form semen.

25. Penis
It is a long cylindrical organ,
covered in skin. Inside runs
a tube called the urethra,
which is part of both the
reproductive system and the
urinary system.

27. Testicles
They are the
size of a nut.
They are
formed of
numerous
tubes in which
sperm is
produced.

28. Scrotum
It is the sack
of skin that
covers the
testicles and
mantains
them inside
the body.

29. 3.- PROCESSES IN HUMAN
REPRODUCTION
3.1.- Production of gametes

30. 3.1.1.-The female gamete: the
ovule
Ovules are large and round.
From puberty on, one ovule matures
and passes through a fallopian tube
aproximately every 28 days.
If it is not fertilized, it leaves the body
through the vagina with a small
amount of blood called menstruation
or period.

31. 3.1.1.-The female gamete: the
ovule
Nucleus
Membrane
Girls are born with more than 400,000 eggs already stored
in their ovaries.

32. 3.1.2.-The male gametes: the
spermatozoids
The spermatozoids are very small.
From puberty on, about 200 million
of them are produced everyday.
Tail
Head
Nucleus

33. GAMETES
WHAT ARE
THEIR
NAMES?
WHAT DO
THEY LOOK
LIKE?
WHERE ARE
THEY MADE?
MALE FEMALE
SPERMATOZOI
DS
OVULES
VERY SMALL LARGE &
ROUND
OVARIES TESTICLES

34. Complete these sentences
The urethra is a tube that is common
to the reproductive system and the
urinary sytem.
• Sperm is produced and matures in
the testicles.
• Semen is composed of
spermatozoids and of the fluids that
are produced by the prostate and the
seminal vesicles.

35. Complete these sentences
The ovary produces the ovules.
The uterus is a muscular and
hollow organ about the shape
and the size of a pear.
Its function is to contain the
fertilized ovum that will develop
as a baby.

36. 3.2.Fertilization
Fertilization
happens in the
fallopian tube. The
ovule fertilized
enters the uterus
and becomes
joined to the wall.
In this way
pregnancy starts.

37. 3.3 Pregnancy
It takes place in the uterus.
It last about nine months. It
is divided into three phases:
FIRST TRIMESTER
SECOND TRIMESTER
THIRD TRIMESTER

38. FIRST TRIMESTER.
During the second week the embryo
is protected by a sack full of liquid,
called
The Amnion.

39. The embryo
produces an
organ called the
placenta, that
extracts
nutrients and
oxygen from the
mother´s blood.

40. The nutrients reach the
embryo through the umbilical
cord.

41. SECOND TRIMESTER
The foetus skeleton,
musculatures and all the
organs develop. It can
move.

42. THIRD TRIMESTER
At the end of the seventh month
the foetus could survive outside
the mother.
It fits its head into the neck of the
uterus and it is ready to be born.

43. 3.4 CHILDBIRTH

44. 1.- When the baby is ready the
muscles of the wall of the uterus
produce contractions.
DILATION

45. 2.- The amniotic sack breaks
and the baby comes out from
th vagina.
BIRTH

46. 3.- The umbilical cord is cut. The
remains of the cord leave a scar
on the abdomen of the baby: the
navel.
AFTERBIRTH