IP and MAC Address

1. Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Submitted By:
Sujon Kumar Dey
ID No: 1834902519
Section B
Program: CSE (Day)
Class Note
Course : Computer Networks
Course Code : CSE 317
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2. IP and MAC Address
Internet Protocol (IP): IP stands for Internet Protocol. IP Address is a unique identification
number given to every device. This address can change anytime. Without IP we can not
connect to the internet. IP addresses are given by ISP. IP can also change depending on
location.
There are mainly two types of IP Address.
1. IPv4
2. IPv6
IPv4 is 32 bit. The maximum value of a 32-bit number is 232, or 4,294,967,296. Another
hand IPv6 is 128 bit. The size of IPv6's address space — 340 duodecillion — is much, much
larger than IPv4.
Here we discuss IPv4 only.
IPv4 is divided by 5 type classes.
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
4. Class D
5. Class E
Class A: Class A IP address range is 0-127. Here 127 is the loopback address. In a Class A
type of network, the first 8 bits identify the network, and the remaining have 24 bits for the
host.
Class B: Class B IP address range is 128-191. The first 16 bits help you identify the
network. The other remaining 16 bits indicate the host within the network.
Class C: Class C IP address range is 192-223. In Class C, the first 24 bits address indicate the
network and the remaining bit as the host address.
Class D: Class D IP address range is 224-239. Class D is reserved for Multicasting. In
multicasting data is not destined for a particular host, that is why there is no need to extract
host address from the IP address,
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3. Class E: Class E IP address range is 240-255. This IP Class is reserved for experimental
purposes only for R&D or Study. IP addresses in this class range from 240.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.254.
MAC Address: MAC Address stands for Media Access Control Address. MAC Addresses
are a unique 48-bits hardware number of a computer, which is embedded into a network card
(known as Network Interface Card) during the time of manufacturing. MAC Address is also
known as Physical Address of a network device.
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